Rock ostrich grass

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Rock ostrich grass
Rock ostrich grass (Agrostis rupestris) (left, 2a-c)

Rock ostrich grass ( Agrostis rupestris ) (left, 2a-c)

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Ostrich grasses ( Agrostis )
Type : Rock ostrich grass
Scientific name
Agrostis rupestris
Alles.

The Rock bentgrass ( Agrostis rupestris ) is a plant from the genus of Agrostis in the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae). The natural range extends from the southwest to the east of Europe and North Africa. It only occurs at altitudes above 1400 meters.

description

The rock ostrich grass is a perennial hemicryptophyte and grows in small, dense clumps . It forms no or only very short subterranean runners with few scales. The numerous renewal shoots grow upwards within the lowest leaf sheaths. The stalks are 5 to 20, sometimes up to 30 centimeters long, two to three nodules and hairless. The leaf sheaths are smooth and hairless. The lower leaf sheaths are gray-brown to red-brown and shiny. The ligule is a 1 to 1.5 millimeter long, membranous border. The leaf blades are smooth, 3 to 6 inches long, curled up and bristle-shaped with a diameter of about 0.5 millimeters.

The inflorescence is a 2 to 4 centimeter long, 1 to 2 centimeter wide panicle that is contracted before flowering and then spread out at the time of flowering . The side branches go in twos or threes from the main axis, they are up to 2 centimeters long, tortuous, smooth and hairless or rough in the upper part due to some spiky hairs. The spikelets are single, they are single-flowered, brown-violet, rarely greenish yellow or straw-colored and 2.2 to 2.5 (to 3) millimeters long. Fertile spikelets have a club-shaped, 1.5 to 3.5 millimeter long stalk. During the ripening period , the florets fall out of the glumes that remain on the panicle. The upper and lower glume are almost the same, with the lower slightly longer than the upper. They are single-nerved, about as long as the spikelet, lanceolate, pointed, membranous, smooth and glabrous, but especially rough in the upper part. The callus of the florets is hairless or has only a few hairs about 0.1 millimeters long. The lemma is five-veined, oblong ovate, 1.8 to 2 millimeters long and dentate at the upper end. The lower part is membranous, the upper tender-skinned, smooth and hairless, only the nerves are rough. It is awned on the back in the lower third. The awn is about 3 millimeters long and kneeled and twisted in the lower part. The palea is at most one fifth the length of the lemma. The two erectile tissue are membranous. The three anthers are 0.8 to 1 millimeter long. As fruits about 1.5 millimeters long are caryopsis formed. The species blooms from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Distribution and location requirements

The natural distribution area is in southwest, central and eastern Europe and in the north of Africa. It is found in Portugal, Spain, France with Corsica, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and the Ukraine, in Asia in Transcaucasia, in Africa in Morocco. In Austria it is represented in all federal states with the exception of Vienna and Burgenland. In Germany it occurs in the Alps between 1600 and 3000 meters and in the Bavarian Forest on the Great Arber .

The rock ostrich grass grows at altitudes over 1400 meters on poor lawns and sheep pastures, on wild hay fields, on stony ridges and slopes, in rock crevices, on moraine rubble and in dwarf shrubs on more or less fresh, nutrient and base poor, humus, more or less acidic, shallow and stony loam and clay soils with only a short snow cover. On lime, the species is only found on a deep layer of humus. It is a character species of the order Caricetalia curvulae, but also occurs in societies of the Nardion or Rhododendro-Vaccinion associations. In the Allgäu Alps it rises from 1500 meters to 2200 meters above sea level.

Systematics

The rock ostrich grass ( Agrostis rupestris ) is a species from the genus of the ostrich grass , which is assigned to the sweet grass family (Poaceae), subfamily Pooideae, Tribus Poeae and Untertribus Agrostidinae. It was first described by Carlo Allioni in Flora Pedemontana in 1785 . Synonyms of the species include Agrestis rupestris (All.) Bubani , Agrostis canina var. Schultesii (Kunth) K. Richt. , Agrostis montis-aurei Delarbre ex Poir. , Agrostis perrieri Rouy , Agrostis schultesii Kunth , Agrostis setacea Vill. , Avena rupestris J.F. Gmel. , Trichodium alpinum Schrad. and Trichodium neglectum Schult.

It is similar to the alpine ostrich grass ( Agrostis alpina ), which also occurs in the Alps , from which it differs in its smooth panicle branches.

One can distinguish between two subspecies of Agrostis rupestris :

  • Agrostis rupestris subsp. pyrenaica (Pourr.) Dostál : It occurs in the Pyrenees.
  • Agrostis rupestris subsp. rupestris : It occurs from Europe to Azerbaijan and in Morocco.

Name declaration

The genus name Agrostis comes from the Latin agrostis denoting annoying weeds that grow in the fields. The specific epithet rupestris is derived from the Latin rupes for "steep rock face" and thus refers to the location on rocky soils.

swell

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 62, 63 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler, Mark Bachofer: Our grasses. Over 400 color drawings . Updated 12th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12573-1 , p. 102 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1186 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , pp. 46, 547 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 62.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 62.
  3. ↑ a b c Aichele, Schwegler: Our grasses , p. 102.
  4. ^ A b W. D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Agrostis rupestris. In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, accessed February 2, 2014 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Agrostis rupestris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  6. ↑ Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz: Agrostis rupestris. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, accessed on February 2, 2014 (English).
  7. ^ Fischer et al .: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , p. 1187.
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  253 .
  9. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 159.
  10. ^ Agrostis rupestris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  11. ↑ Agrostis rupestris. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved February 2, 2014 .
  12. ^ Carlo Allioni: Flora Pedemontana sive Enumeratio Methodica Stirpium Indigenarum Pedemontii . Tomus secundus, 1785, p. 237 ( online ).
  13. ↑ Agrostis rupestris. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 2, 2013 .
  14. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 46.
  15. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 547.

Web links

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