Albert Zeller

Ernst Albert von Zeller

Ernst Albert Zeller (born November 6, 1804 in Heilbronn ; † December 23, 1877 ) was a German doctor . The chief medical officer was the first director of the Winnental sanatorium . In 1853 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Winnenden .

Life

His father Johann Friedrich Zeller was a lawyer and administrative officer, his mother Johanna Regina (1773–1844) was the fifth of seven daughters of the Stuttgart doctor Jacob Eberhard Andreae (1737–1779). Albert Zeller had a keen interest in the natural sciences and wanted to become a doctor from an early age in order to be able to help people. Born from a deep belief in God, he had a certain melancholy and a soft disposition from his youth . He wrote poetry at an early age to process his thoughts and impressions.

After graduating from high school in Stuttgart, he worked in a relative's pharmacy and then began his studies at the University of Tübingen with Gustav Schübler . He received his doctorate at the age of 22 and received his license to practice medicine on November 6, 1826 . Shortly afterwards, he suffered from mental discomfort for months. This first attack of sadness was an important experience for his later course of action with his patients.

His first scientific contact with psychiatric patients (at the time referred to as hysterical ) was in the summer of 1827 on a trip to the oldest German insane asylum in Pirna, Sonnenstein Castle . On the occasion of his trip to Pirna in 1827, Zeller met his future wife Marie Reimer (1807–1847), the daughter of the Berlin publisher Georg Reimer , in Berlin . In March 1829 they were married by Friedrich Schleiermacher .

In 1830 Albert Zeller established himself as a general practitioner in Stuttgart. In the science of the time, mental illnesses were still little researched and were often explained with hysteria or hypnotic suggestion. When the doctor and poet Justinus Kerner published Die Seherin von Prevorst in Weinsberg , Zeller wrote a reply. This book caused a stir and he became known as the author. As a result, Zeller specialized in mental illness in 1831.

When the Württemberg government decided to open a second insane asylum in the former Teutonic Order Castle in Winnental , Zeller, who was only 27 years old, was selected from the numerous applicants. On his travels in 1832 to various institutions in Germany, England, Scotland and France, he gained practical experience. On August 3, 1833, Zeller moved into Winnental. Through his work he gradually expanded the sanatorium into the first and widely famous institution in the country. Until his death on December 23, 1877 he was head of the institution in Winnenden. Ernst von Zeller (1830–1902) succeeded his father in 1878 as director of the Winnental facility.

Songs of sorrow

Marie Zeller, Albert Zeller's wife

Albert Zeller's wife died in 1847, leaving behind seven boys and a girl. The first 15 of Albert Zeller's songs on her, on loss and death, appeared anonymously in Knapps Christoterpe in 1849. In 1849, 24 songs were published anonymously as a private print under the title Poems of an Unknown : a 30-page booklet, at Albert Zeller's expense printed, for relatives, friends and close acquaintances. The same poems in the same order appeared under the same title, ie anonymously, in the Christoterpe for the year 1850. In 1851 Reimer in Berlin published the first edition under Albert Zeller's name and the title Lieder des Leid's . Then 19 more songs, now under his name, in the Christoterpen for the years 1852 and 1853, and from then on continuously expanded and increasingly splendidly furnished editions by Reimer. In 1908 the 9th and last edition was published, no longer by Reimer, but in Herborn, with a foreword by D. Knodt.

Lieder des Leids were set to music by Josephine Lang (1815–1880), Friedrich Martin Jehle (1844–1941), Johannes Jehle (1881–1935) and others. Many of the poems became songs in evangelical hymn books, the best known: Give yourself there , complain your need and through, through with joy .

Zeller's songs appeared not only in Württemberg hymn books, but in Rhineland and Westphalia, in the Frankfurt Evangelical Hymnbook and in the hymn book for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria , in the province of Saxony and Anhalt, in Baden, East and West Prussia, Silesia, Brandenburg and Pomerania, Oldenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Hesse and Nassau, in the hymnbook for the Evangelical Church in the Transylvanian parts of Hungary, in the hymnbook for the German-Evangelical communities in Great Britain, in the Evangelical Hymnal for the Ecclesiastical Province of Posen- West Prussia of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , from around 1925 in the Evangelical Hymnbook of the Church Province of East Prussia , also the border mark Posen-West Prussia , the Regional Synodal Association of Danzig and the Uniate Evangelical Church in Poland , 1941 in Weimar with corresponding National Socialist text distortions in the hymnbook of the German Christians Great God we praise you , until the 1980s in the Mennonite hymn book, in the hymn book of Zion songs of the Seventh-day Adventists, and in 1958, still in the GDR, in Thuringia in the hymn book for Schmalkalden, also in the community song book, namely in the "edition for the DDR"

Services as a psychiatrist

During his work in Winnental from 1834 to 1877 he treated about 3600 patients, including a. Nikolaus Lenau , Ludwig Feuerbach's sister Helene , Hermann Lingg , Josephine Lang's son Felix and Alwine Wuthenow . In his reports on the effectiveness of the Winnental Sanatorium , he regularly gave an account of what he was doing and developed his scientific views in them. A typical sentence from him: “The madness of most madmen is a happy one, and only the contradiction with reality occasionally generates displeasure and sadness; it is much rarer in and of itself of an embarrassing kind for the patient, as a rule it is his greatest treasure and his happiness. "

He wrote the preface (30 pages) and footnotes for the German translation of the book by his famous Belgian colleague Joseph Guislain , Treatise on Phrenopathies or New System of Soul Disorders (Stuttgart and Leipzig 1838). This work is of particular importance because Zeller did not set down his views and teachings in a comprehensive work of his own. But he brought the psychiatrist Wilhelm Griesinger to Winnenthal as a colleague ; Griesinger wrote the groundbreaking textbook on the pathology and therapy of mental illnesses .

Works

• Investigations into the influence of various substances of the organic and inorganic kingdom on the life of plants. An inaugural dissertation, which to obtain the doctorate in medicine under the presidium of G. Schübler Dr. the Medicin and ordinary Ernst Albert Zeller from Heilbronn presented Prof. of Natural History to the public examination in December 1826. Tübingen, printed with Schönhardt's writings. [58 p.]
• The veiled image of Sais, or the miracles of magnetism. An illumination of Kerner's seeress from Prevorst, and her openings about the inner life of man and about the bringing of a spirit world into ours. Weidmann'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1830 ( digitized in the Google book search)
• Reports on the effectiveness of the Winnenthal Sanatorium from March 1, 1834 to February 28, 1837. Supplement to the medical correspondence sheet of the Württemberg Medical Association, Volume VII, No. 30, p. 321ff .; that. from March 1, 1837 to February 29, 1840, Vol. X, No. 17, pp. 129ff .; No. 18, pp. 127ff .; No. 19, pp. 145ff .; that. from March 1, 1840 to February 28, 1843, Vol. XIII, No. 38, pp. 297ff .; No. 39, pp. 305ff .; that. from March 1, 1843 to February 28, 1846, No. XVIII, No. 2, pp. 9ff .; that. from March 1, 1846 to February 28, 1854, Vol. XXIV, No. 38, p. 297ff.
• Consolation letter to a widow. By A. Vinet. Translated by Albert von Zeller. Basel: Verlag christlicher Schriften 1836. [12 pp.]
• On some major points in the study and healing of mental disorders. In: Journal for the assessment and healing of pathological mental states. Edited by Maximilian Jacobi and Friedrich Nasse in conjunction with the insane asylum directors Carl Friedrich Flemming, Peter Willers Jessen and Ernst August Zeller. First volume. Berlin, 1838. Verlag von G. Reimer, pp. 515-569; more than this first volume, 3 issues in one volume, has not been published.
• Foreword and additions in Joseph Guislain: Treatise on the phrenopathies or new system of mental disorders based on practical and statistical observation and investigation of the causes, nature, symptoms, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Translated from the French by Dr. Whimsical . With a foreword and additions by Dr. Zeller. Rieger, Stuttgart and Leipzig 1838 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• Asylums and madhouses. In: JS Verlag and JG Gruber (ed.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, second series, 24th part. 1845.
• Anonymous [ie Albert Zeller]: poems by an unnamed. [Winnenden: Selbstverlag 1849], 24 numbered poems, the copy with Zeller's handwritten dedication to his two siblings is in the library of the Jehle Music History Collection.
• Songs of sorrow. G. Reimer, Berlin 1851.
• Songs of sorrow. Second edition. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1852.
• Songs of sorrow. Third edition. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1855 (compared to the second edition, the third edition contains another unnumbered poem).
• Songs of sorrow. Fifth greatly increased edition. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1865.
• Songs of sorrow. Sixth edition. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1873.
• Songs of sorrow. Seventh edition increased from the estate. With Zeller's portrait. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1882.
• Songs of sorrow. Eighth edition increased from the estate. With a portrait of Zeller. Preface by Hermann Reimer . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1899.
• Consolation and advice from Albert Zeller, author of the songs of suffering, collected from the estate. R. Reich, Basel 1901.
• Consolation and advice from Albert Zeller, author of the “Songs of Sorrows”. Collected from the estate. Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1908.
• Songs of Sorrows by Albert Zeller. Edited with a foreword by Emil Knodt . Bookstore of the Nassau Colportage Association, Herborn 1908.
• Gerhart Zeller (ed.): Albert Zeller's medical diary of the psychiatric journey through Germany, England, France and to Prague from 1832 to 1833. Zwiefalten: Psychiatry and history of the Münsterklinik 2007, Volume 1: travel diary ; Volume 2: Explanations .
• Songs of sorrow. Charleston / South Carolina: Nabu Press 2011. Book on Demand, offered since October 1, 2011, reprint, template not mentioned in the advertisements
• The veiled image of Sais or the miracles of magnetism. Delhi: ReInk / SN Books World 1915. Reprint of the 1830 edition, Book on Demand, available in softcover, hardcover and paperback.
• Songs of sorrow. Delhi: ReInk / SN Books World 2015. Reprint of the 1855 edition, Book on Demand, Paperback.
• Songs of sorrow. Delhi: ReInk / SN Books World 2015. Reprint of the 1865 edition, Book on Demand, Paperback.
• Songs of sorrow. Delhi: ReInk / SN Books World 2015. Reprint of the 1899 edition, book on demand, paperback, softcover, since 2016 also hardcover.

Settings

• Songs of suffering, composed by Albert Zeller / composed for a singing voice with accompaniment of the pianoforte and Mr. Obermedizinalrath Dr. Respectfully dedicated to Albert von Zeller by Josephine Lang. Op. 29. Property of the publisher. Bom bei N. Simrock (1862), contains Farewell, Farewell you beautiful world (No. 1), The path you have drawn so often (No. 2) and give yourself there in God's mind (No. 3) ; No. 1 can be heard at http://websrvr90va.audiovideoweb.com/va90web25003/companions/Josephine_Lang/24_Leb_Wohl_Leb_Wohl_Du_Schone_Welt.aiff , soprano: Sharon Krebs, piano: Harald Krebs (number 24 of 30 sample songs for the book by Sharon and Harald Krebs Josephine Lang. Her Life and Songs (2007, details under "Literature"); that. Lied already on Josephine Lang: Selected Songs New York: Da capo 1982 (Women Composers 11).
• Just no goodbye (1878). In Josephine Lang: Fünf Gesänge, op. 43. Dedicated to Her Majesty Queen Olga of Württemberg with deep reverence. Stuttgart: Eduard Ebner 1879, No. 5; the text can also be read at lieder.net
• How does a wanderer easily go there (1863), Klag 'your Noth dem dear God (1866), The storm has broken (1867) and I will graze my flock (date unknown) - unpublished settings by Josephine Lang, the manuscripts are in of the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart
• Love never stops by Marie Otto (probably unprinted, copy preserved in the Jehle Music History Collection in Stauffenberg Castle in Albstadt - Lautlingen )
• Through, through with joy. (Melody by Hermann Stephani 1905.) In: Great God we praise you. The new cathedral. Verlag for German Christian literature, Schneider & Co., Weimar 1941, No. 84 (p. 125f.); In this hymn book of the so-called German Christians, the last line of the 3rd stanza was changed, stanzas 4 to 6 were left out, the otherwise unchanged 7th and last stanza is the 4th and last stanza here
• Through with joy! (Melody by Friedrich Jehle) In: Our song. German Association of Girls-Bible-Circles. Leipzig: Verlag der Mädchen-Bibel-Kreis 1925, p. 377 (No. 345)
• Through with joy! For 3-part female choir. (Melody by Friedrich Jehle, choral setting by Johannes Jehle.) Ebingen: Johannes Jehle (1918), single sheet, printed as handwriting; that. For mixed choir. (Choral setting by Johannes Jehle.) Ebingen: Johannes Jehle o. J., single sheet, not printed as handwriting, but set; that. in: God is my psalm. Three- and four-part songs for virgins' associations, women's and school choirs , volume 1. Ebingen: Johannes Jehle 1921, p. 19f. (No. 17), unchanged in the bound edition of all 5 booklets Gott ist mein Psalm (1928), the songs are numbered as in the individual booklets
• Through, through with joy. (Melody by Ludwig Scholinus 1914.) In: Community song book . Edition B. Booklet with all texts. Published by the Evangelical-Church Gnadauer Gemeinschaftwerk. 10th edition for the GDR. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Berlin 1990, No. 473 (p. 408)
• Through, through with joy. For mixed choir by Martin Buschmann. In: Special supplement to the singers greeting (Christian Singers Association) 1940, p. 4 (No. 627)
• Your will, Lord. For mixed choir by Gerhard Schmeling. In: Special supplement to the singers greeting (Christian Singers Association) 1941, p. 2 (No. 646)

Literature on Albert Zeller

• Wilhelm Hoffmann: Against the throw-in from need and impoverishment of the home. Letter to Hofrath Dr. Albert von Zeller, Director of the Königigl. Sanatorium for the mentally ill in Winnenthal in Württemberg. In: ders .: Mission issues . Basel 1847, pp. 322 - 361.
• Pastoral care for the mentally ill. (Edited by Dr. [Karl Johann Friedrich] Lechler , deacon in Winnenden and pastor at the insane sanatorium in Winnenthal.) In: Evangelische Pastoraltheologie von Dr. Christian Palmer. Stuttgart, 1860. Druck und Verlag von JF Steinkopf, pp. 416 - 481. (From the footnote p. 416: "With regard to the psychiatric content, many teachers hardly need to say that the views presented here mostly relate to the authority of the venerable and widely known doctor of the local institution, Mr. Obermedicinalrathes Dr. v. Zeller, and rely on the view of his procedure. ")
• Eduard Emil Koch: Zeller, Dr. Ernst Albert . In: History of the hymn and hymn of the Christian, especially the German Protestant church. By Eduard Emil Koch, dean, full member of the historical-theological society in Leipzig. After the author's death, published by Adolf Wilhelm Koch, professor at the canton high school in Schaffhausen. First main part. The poets and singers. Seventh volume. Third, revised, thoroughly increased edition. Stuttgart: Chr.Belser'sche Verlagshandlung 1872, p. 306f.
• [Sixt Carl Kapff:] Sheets in memory of Obermedizinalrath Dr. Albert v. Zeller. In: Der Christenbote (Stuttgart), Volume 48, 1878 No. 11 (March 17th), pp. 83f. / No. 12 (March 24), p. 92 / No. 13 (March 31), pp. 98 - 100 / No. 14 (April 7), p. 106f. / No. 15 (April 14), pp. 114f. / No. 16 (April 21), p. 122f. / No. 17 (April 28), pp. 130f. / No. 18 (May 5), pp. 138f. / No. 19 (May 12), p. 146f. / No. 20 (May 19), pp. 154f. (The author identifies himself as the editor of the Christian Messenger in a footnote on p. 83 , the editor at the time was Sixt Carl Kapff.)
• Councilor E. Riecke: An insane doctor. In memory of Albert Zeller. In: Leaves for the poor. Published by the central management of the charity association in Württemberg (Stuttgart) XXXI. Vol. 51, December 21, 1878, pp. 229-236. (Except for a brief acknowledgment from another pen, p. 236 below, the article fills this number completely.)
• Dr. Albert Zeller. Sheets of memory by G. (ustav) M. (euret). Stuttgart 1879. Printed and published by JF Steinkopf. (Independent magazine, 24 pages)
• Otto Kraus: Dr. Ernst Albert von Zeller. In: Spiritual songs in the 19th century. Published by Otto Kraus. Second, greatly increased edition. Gutersloh. Printing and publishing by C. Bertelsmann. 1879, pp. 580 - 583 (then up to p. 591: Imprint of ten songs of suffering ).
• Emil Karl Wilhelm Knodt: Dr. Albert Zeller's songs and lives. In: Songs of Sorrows by Albert Zeller. Edited with a foreword by Emil Knodt. Herborn. Bookstore of the Nassau Colportage Association. 1908, pp. 5-25.
• Anonymous: From the life and work of the psychiatrist senior medical officer Dr. Albert Zeller, former director of the Winnenthal sanatorium in Württemberg. In: Consolation and advice from Albert Zeller. Author of the "Songs of Sorrows". Collected from the estate. Basel. Helbing & Lichtenhahn 1908, pp. VII - XXXI.
• Hermann Lingg. A life story of Frieda Port. With four portraits. CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Oskar Beck Munich 1912, p. 148f. and p. 187; In September 1849 Lingg was to be taken to a "private sanatorium": "Winnenthal near Cannstatt was chosen, where Lenau had also lived in the days of his mental derangement. There was an attraction in this for Lingg, and it was a kind of gloomy joy to him that he was to live in the unfortunate poet's room. He spent the whole winter there, and the director of the institution, Hofrat Zeller, one of the most famous psychiatrists of the time, knew how to act favorably and healing on the ingenious patient. "(P. 148) Already in March 1850 Lingg left Winnenthal:" One day the director let his patient promise him that he would be released from the institution if he won a game of chess. / Zeller was checkmated and kept his word. " (P. 149)
• H. Schierbaum: Lenau's disregard for the spirit. His stay in Winnenthal. With unpublished letters from Hofrat Dr. A. Zeller to Georg Reinbeck and Emilie von Reinbeck. In: Deutsche Revue 40, 1915, Vol. 3, pp. 328 - 339; Vol. 4, pp. 87-97.
• Hermann Waldenmaier: With pleasure! Albert Zeller the doctor and pastor. A picture of life. Stuttgart: Quell-Verlag 1927 (Höhenweg library), 72 pages; also 1927: the fourth and fifth thousand (slightly different cover)
• Robert Gaupp: Albert Zeller. Chief Medical Officer and Director of the Winnental Sanatorium. 1804 - 1877. In: Swabian Life Pictures On behalf of the Württemberg Commission for State History, edited by Hermann Haering and Otto Hohenstatt. 1st volume. With 44 plates. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1940, pp. 574-582.
• Walter Meuret: In memory of Dr. Albert von Zeller. In: Nachrichten des Martinszeller Verband H. 2/1979, pp. 5–13.
• W. Theopold: Albert Zeller (1804 - 1877). A Swabian poet doctor. In: ABW 1982 issue 4, p. 176f.
• Eberhard Schauer: A look into Winnenden's past. In: www.gbg.wn.schule-bw.de
• Otto-Joachim Grüsser: From the "mad house" in Ludwigsburg to the royal sanatorium Winnenthal - psychiatry in Württemberg in the field of tension between enlightenment and romanticism. In: Claus Zoege von Manteuffel (ed.): Baden and Württemberg in the age of Napoleon. Exhibition of the state of Baden-Württemberg in the art building on Schloßplatz, Stuttgart May - August 1987, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the Württemberg State Museum. 2 catalog volumes + 1 essay volume. Stuttgart: Edition Cantz 1987, in the essay volume.
• Nikolaus Lenau: Notebook from Winnenthal. With an introduction by Horst Brandstätter. Berlin: Friedenauer Presse 1987, 16. unpag.p.
• Wolfgang Heiner: Through, through with joy. In: Well-known songs - how they came about. Editor and author Wolfgang Heiner. 4th edition. Neuhausen-Stuttgart: Hänssler-Verlag 1989 (Telos-Presente 2116), p. 308.
• The Songs of Josephine Caroline Lang: The Expression of a Life. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota. By Sister Roberta (Carol) Werner, OSB In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. May 1992 p. 337, p. 660 - 668 (musical analysis of the three songs of suffering set to music (Op. 39)), including the reproduction of the first stave of No. 1 and the English translation of this text ( Goodbye, goodbye, beautiful world ), pp. 726 - 728 (musical analysis of Nur kein Abschied , Op. 43 No. 5, with English translation (p. 727)); P. 913, 916, 919 and 921: these four songs with title, opus number, date, first line of text and source.
• H. Schott: Medical history (s): Mesmerism Geistersehen. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt No. 101 Issue 4, January 23, 2004, pp. A 188, B 161, C 160.
• Anonymous: Theater tour for Albert Zeller's 200th birthday. In: www.winnenden.de (October 2004).
• Werner Schuffenhauer: A previously unknown letter from Ludwig Feuerbach. In: www.ludwig-feuerbach.de
• Harald Krebs and Sharon Krebs: Josephine Lang. Her Life and Songs. Oxford, New York etc .: Oxford University Press 2007 (unchanged reprint 2009), on the settings of Zeller songs p. 6, 168, 173, 231 and 279 + accompanying CD: Josephine Lang: 30 songs. Sharon Krebs, soprano / Harald Krebs, piano / Pamela Highbough Aloni violoncello. Recording and Mastering by Stop, Look, and Listen… Victoria, BC, Canada 2006 (contains as No. 26: Farewell, Farewell you beautiful world , the same as stated above via the link to Oxford University Press).
• Ursula Engel: G. Zeller (Ed.): Albert Zellers medical diary . In: http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensions/2008-2-153

Web links

• Literature by and about Albert Zeller in the catalog of the German National Library
• Biography of Zeller in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1900)