Vineyard leeks

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Vineyard leeks
Allium vineale1.jpg

Vineyard leek ( Allium vineale )

Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily : Leek family (Allioideae)
Tribe : Allieae
Genre : Leek ( allium )
Type : Vineyard leeks
Scientific name
Allium vineale
L.

The vineyard leek ( Allium vineale ) or vineyard leek is a species of the genus leek ( Allium ).

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 2
Yellowish-white side bulbs
The flower is open, the stamens rise above the perigone.
Stem (below) and tubular foliage (above) - cross-section
Tepals with stamens (inside view): the inner tepals are widened at the base and have thread-like tips.
Bulbils

The vineyard leek grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 50, rarely up to 70 centimeters. The bluish-green, bare, hollow and, above all, tubular leaves towards the tip are almost stalk-round and narrow at the top. The leaves cover the stem with the sheath.

The flowering period extends from June to August. The dense, spherical, gold-like inflorescence usually only produces a few red, greenish or white flowers , but many brood bulbs . The six stamens are slightly longer than the blunt tepals and have two long teeth and later extend to twice the length of the tepals. Sometimes there are also completely flowerless inflorescences that are only occupied with brood bulbs, which make up about 30% of the population . It spreads mainly via these bulbs and bulbs on the tubers. This severely limits the genetic diversity of this species.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32 or 40.

distribution

The vineyard leek is widespread from southeast, southern and central Europe to southern Scandinavia . He finds himself on the Dnepr - mouth , on the Crimea and in Transcaucasia and Syria, Iran and North Africa . In Germany it can be found widespread to scattered; it goes only a little beyond the areas with a wine-growing climate and is completely absent in the higher regions of the Alps and in the Scottish highlands.

In Great Britain and Ireland it is considered a neophyte . It was introduced in the USA, Australia and New Zealand and, as an invasive plant , is fought with great effort in the USA .

Location

Vineyard leeks grow in vineyards, meadows and fields, along roadsides, in bushes and on sunny hills. But it is most noticeable on meadow orchards , where it becomes visible in whole clusters in early spring because of its many daughter onions, as it sprouts before the grass. It thrives best on sandy soils , but is also found on clay soils in Eastern Europe . In Scandinavia it is only found on the coast. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Geranio-Allietum vinealis from the Fumario-Euphorbion association, but also occurs in societies of the Arrhenatheretalia order or the Alliarion association.

Systematics

The vineyard leek was formerly also known as Allium sylvestre , a name that is synonymous with the cabbage leek ( Allium oleraceum ).

Allium vineale was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The earlier subtaxa are all synonyms . Synonyms for Allium vineale L. are: Getuonis vinealis (L.) Raf. , Porrum vineale (L.) Schur , Porrum capitatum P.Renault , Allium affine Boiss. & Hero. nom. illeg., Allium arenarium Wahlenb. , Allium assimile Halácsy , Allium campestre Schleich. ex Steud. nom. inval., Allium canadense Schult. & Schult. f. nom. illeg., Allium compactum Thuill. , Allium descendens W.DJKoch sensu auct., Allium laxiflorum Tausch , Allium littoreum Bertol. , Allium nitens Sauzé & Maill. , Allium purshii G.Don , Allium rilaense Panov , Allium rotundum Wimm. & Dig. nom. illegal. , Allium sphaerocephalum Crome ex Schltdl. , Allium subvineale Wendelbo , Allium margaritaceum var. Bulbiferum Batt. & Trot. , Allium vineale var. Typicum Asch. & Graebn. nom. inval., Allium vineale var. compactum (Thuill.) Lej. & Courtois , Allium vineale var. Compactum Boreau nom. illeg., Allium vineale var. kochii Lange , Allium vineale var. bulbiferum Syme , Allium vineale var. capsuliferum Syme , Allium vineale var. affine rule , Allium vineale var. asperiflorum rule , Allium vineale var. purshii (G.Don) rule , Allium vineale var. Descendens Nyman , Allium vineale subsp. kochii (Lange) Nyman , Allium vineale var. nitens (Sauzé & Maill.) Nyman , Allium vineale var. virens Boiss. nom. superfl., Allium vineale var. multiflorum Baguet , Allium vineale subsp. affine (rule) K.Richt. , Allium vineale subsp. asperiflorum (rule) K. Richt . , Allium vineale subsp. capsuliferum (Syme) K. Richt. , Allium vineale subsp. compactum (Thuill.) K. Richt.

Common names

Are or in part only regionally common names for the vineyard and leek were: wild Briesslauch ( Silesia ), Dog garlic, Dog garlic (Silesia), Hundsöllig ( Eifel ) Dog onion , wild garlic , grapes leeks, Vineyard onion and wild leeks .

use

The above-ground onions taste like garlic and are used as a condiment in the Balkans. They can also add a garlic flavor to the milk of farm animals and grain products.

Cultural history

Some authors assume that the vinegar garlic is already mentioned in the Odyssey , as the plant with which Kirke transformed the companions of Odysseus into pigs. Most authors assume that Allium moly is meant here . John Gerard supposedly recommends eating the leaves of the plant with butter in the spring, but he might mean the cabbage leek ( Allium oleraceum ). Otherwise the plant is rarely mentioned in the early modern herbal books.

See also

supporting documents

  • Karl Suessenguth: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. With special consideration of Greater Germany, Switzerland and the neighboring areas. For use in schools and for self-teaching. Founded by Gustav Hegi . 2nd, revised edition. Volume II: Monocotyledones, Part II. JF Lehmanns, Munich / Berlin 1939.
  • Bertram Münker: Wildflowers of Central Europe (= Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10563-8 .
  • Oleg Polunin, Plants of Europe (BLV Determination Book), BLV 1971, ISBN 3-405-10929-9

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, p. 211. JSTOR 2256778
  2. ↑ Alf Ceplitis: The Importance of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in the Recent Evolution of Allium vineale. In: Evolution , Volume 55, Issue 8, 2001, pp. 1581-1591. JSTOR 2680376 .
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Page 128. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  4. ↑ Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, Fig. 1 (distribution map). JSTOR 2256778
  5. ↑ Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, p. 214. JSTOR 2256778
  6. ↑ a b c Michael S. Defelice: Wild Garlic, Allium vineale L .: Little to crow about. In: Weed Technology , 17, 4, 2003, p. 891. JSTOR 3989777
  7. ↑ Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, pp. 209-226. JSTOR 2256778
  8. ↑ a b Michael S. Defelice: Wild Garlic, Allium vineale L .: Little to crow about. In: Weed Technology , 17, 4, 2003, p. 890. JSTOR 3989777
  9. ^ Peter F. Zika: The First Record of Allium Vineale L. (Liliaceae) for Vermont. In: Rhodora 89/857, 1987, pp. 93-94. doi : 10.2307 / 23312364 (currently unavailable) , JSTOR 23312364
  10. ↑ Andrew Leys, Fred W. Slife: The Response of Wild Garlic (Allium vineale) to the Timing of Spray Applications of Chlorsulfuron. In: Weed Science , Volume 34.5, 1968, pp. 718-723. JSTOR 4044421
  11. ↑ John W. King, Robert E. Frans: Wild Garlic (Allium vineale) Control with Glyphosate. In: Weed Science , Volume 29, 6, 1981, pp. 717-722. JSTOR 4043483
  12. ↑ a b c Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, p. 215. JSTOR 2256778
  13. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Allium vineale - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 18, 2015
  14. ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 21.
  15. ↑ Ruth H. Richens: Allium vineale L. In: Journal of Ecology , Volume 34, Issue 1, 1947, p. 217. JSTOR 2256778
  16. ↑ Michael S. Defelice: Wild Garlic, Allium vineale L .: Little to crow about. In: Weed Technology , 17, 4, 2003, p. 894. JSTOR 3989777

Web links

Commons : Vineyard Leek ( Allium vineale )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files