Alpine light carnation
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Alpine light carnation ( Silene suecica ) |
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| Silene suecica | ||||||||||||
| ( Lodd. ) Greuter & Burdet |
The Silene suecica , also Alpine Pechnelke ( Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Lychnis alpina L. or Viscaria alpina (L.) Don ) is a species within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The alpine light carnation is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 15 centimeters. The upright, unbranched stems are bald or only sparsely and briefly hairy.
The foliage leaves are crowded in basal rosettes, the upper ones a little further away on the stem. The leaf blades are 1 and 5 centimeters long and 1 to 7 millimeters wide and narrow-lanceolate and end in a narrow tip. The broad leaf base and the edge are ciliate.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to July. In short-stalked or cephalad inflorescences , flowers . The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five sepals are fused into an approximately 5 millimeter long, bell-shaped calyx, which is bald and has indistinct nerves. The pale purple to bright red corollas have a diameter of 8 to 12 millimeters. The petals are deeply edged and have small scales in the throat. There is a coronet about 1 millimeter high. Each flower contains five styles .
The capsule fruit , stalked in the durable calyx, opens at its top with five teeth when ripe and releases numerous small seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The main distribution area is in subarctic and arctic areas of Europe and eastern North America. The distribution area in Central Europe includes the western , central Alps and the Pyrenees as well as the Apennines .
In the Alps, the Alpine light carnation grows on soils poor in lime . It thrives in sunny, wind-exposed locations. It is often found on Nacktried societies of the class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii and in crooked sedge lawns (Caricetum curvulae) of the class Juncetea trifidi, but also between rubble.
The alpine light carnation thrives in Central Europe in the alpine altitudes at altitudes of up to 3100 meters. In Northern Europe, Silene suecica occurs both in the mountains and in places near the coast at low altitudes, for example in the variety Silene suecica var. Oelandica on limestone on the island of Öland . The variety Silene suecica var. Serpentinicola inhabits serpentine rock .
Systematics
The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Lychnis suecica by Conrad Loddiges . The new combination to Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet was created in 1982 by Werner Greuter and Hervé Maurice Burdet in Willdenowia , Volume 12, p. 190. Other synonyms for Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet are: Lychnis alpina L. , Silene liponeura Neumayer , Steris alpina (L.) Šourková , Viscaria alpina (L.) Don , Viscaria alpina (L.) G.Don .
Some authors do not recognize subtaxa of this type.
Accumulation of copper
The alpine light carnation is able to enrich the heavy metal copper in ionized form. As a pointer plant , it can therefore provide information about former medieval spoil heaps of copper ore. Such indicators are of interest for phytoremediation and Phytoprospektion .
use
The alpine light carnation is used as an ornamental plant for rock gardens and there are several hybrids and cultivated forms in different colors.
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau : Alpine flowers, Steinbach's natural guide. Mosaik Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3576105581 , p. 46.
- SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, LJ Gillespie, AK Brysting, H. Solstad, JG Harris: Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago at DELTA: Viscaria alpina (L.) G. Don (section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Silene suecica (Lodd.) Greuter & Burdet In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 360.
- ↑ Den virtuella floran. Retrieved August 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. Silene suecica In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
- ↑ Elmar W. Weiler; Lutz Nover. Lim. by Wilhelm Nultsch: General and molecular botany . Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart [u. a.] 2008, ISBN 978-3-13-147661-6 , pp. 236 .
Web links
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- John K. Morton: Silene Linnaeus : Silene suecica (Loddiges) Greuter & Burdet - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 .