Anton Ausserer

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Anton Ausserer

Anton Ausserer (born July 5, 1843 in Bozen , † July 20, 1889 in Gleichenberg , Styria ) was an Austrian natural scientist and arachnologist .

life and work

His life was short, busy and full of hardship. Except was one of five children of a gunsmith in Bolzano. The teachers noticed his extraordinary talent, so they caused his father to send him to the Franciscan high school. There he had Vincenz Maria Gredler , a pioneer of zoological research in Tyrol , as his teacher. Already during this time Ausserer showed a great interest in science. At the age of 15 he became an orphan. During high school and university he had to struggle with bitter economic hardship and had to earn his living with tutoring. During this time he contracted a lung disease that he could not get rid of for a lifetime. He studied natural sciences ( teaching post ) in Innsbruck 1863-1867 and was supported there by Camill Heller , professor of "Zoology and Comparative Anatomy" at the University of Innsbruck. Heller also inspired him to research spiders . In his second year of university in 1865, Ausserer received a university award and a scholarship that made it easier for him to continue his studies. With his diploma thesis in 1867 with Heller on the spider fauna of Tyrol, he founded the Araneofaunistik in the northern Alps . He writes in the introduction:

“It can therefore seem justified if I dare to go public with my results, all the more so since the number of species that I have only collected in the vicinity of Innsbruck is greater than that of Doleschal for the whole Monarchy."

From 1868 he worked as a high school teacher in Feldkirch . In 1874 he was appointed professor (in title-loving Austria also a job title for teachers in higher schools) at the 1st State High School in Graz . In 1869 he became secretary of the zoological section of the Natural Science Society Innsbruck. In 1870/1871 he received “leave” for a research semester in Vienna . He studied with Ludwig Karl Schmarda and conducted research at the "kk zoological Hofcabinete", the forerunner of the Natural History Museum Vienna . As a result, Ausserer published his pioneering work on the systematics of orthognathic spiders (the tarantula-like ) and a work on "New Wheel Spiders" (1871). In 1872 he obtained his doctorate in Innsbruck. In 1875 he wrote a continuation of his work on the othognathic spiders. From 1880 to 1881 he traveled to Sicily, from 1886 to 1887 to Egypt. Ausserer married in 1888, but died of lung disease a year later at the age of 46. He was buried in Trautmannsdorf ( Eastern Styria ).

In addition to the early research into the spider fauna of the northern Alps, his contributions to the systematics of the tarantula are of particular importance for arachnology. His work was of great importance to Simon and Pocock . Its generic names Acanthoscurria , Chaetopelma , Cyclocosmia , Cyclosternum , Euathlus , Hapalopus , Homoeomma , Ischnocolus , Harpactira , Selenocosmia , Sericopelma and Tapinauchenius are still valid today . He described 38 new species of tarantula. Günter Schmidt calls him the first modern tarantula taxonomist .

Part of his collection was preserved in the Tyrolean State Museum . Your post-processing confirmed the extraordinary performance of Ausserer.

The following spider species were named in honor of Ausserer: Altella beseri K. Thaler , 1990 ( Dictynidae ), Nomisia beseri L. Koch , 1872 ( Gnaphosidae ), Singa beseri Thorell , 1873 ( Araneidae ).

Works

  • 1867a: The arachnids of Tyrol according to their horizontal and vertical distribution . - Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society. Vienna 17, pp. 137–170 ( PDF ; 2.7 MB)
  • 1867b: Observations on the way of life, reproduction and development of the spiders . - Z. Ferdinandeum (Innsbruck) (3) 13, pp. 181–209 ( PDF ; 15.7 MB)
  • 1871a: Contributions to the knowledge of the arachnid family of the Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae author). Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society. Vienna, 21, pp. 184–187 ( PDF ; 6.5 MB)
  • 1871b: New wheel spiders . Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 21, pp. 815–832 ( PDF ; 1.7 MB)
  • 1875: Second contribution to the knowledge of the arachnid family of the Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae author). Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society 25. Vienna, p. 169 ( PDF ; 6.1 MB)
  • 1877: Analytical overview of the European spider families . Volume 1877 of communications from the Natural Science Association for Styria. Leykam-Josefathal ( PDF ; 1.3 MB)
  • 1885: About the massive occurrence of a Podurie in Aussee at the beginning of March 1884 . Announcements from the Natural Science Association for Styria 21, pp. CIII-CIV

literature

  • Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographia aranearum , Les frères Doularoude. Toulouse 1945
  • Maurer, Ferdinand: Obituary to Dr. Anton Ausserer. Program of the kk. acad. Grammar school in Grätz. Graz 1890
  • Schmidt, Günter: The tarantulas . Westarp Wissenschaften-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hohenwarsleben 2003, ISBN 3-8943-2899-1 , p. 327f.
  • Tarmann, Gerhard & Thaler-Knoflach, Barbara: A foray through the history of entomology in Tyrol . Mitt. Dtsch. General Applied Ent. 16, Giessen 2008, pp. 39-61
  • Thaler, Konrad: Contributions to the spider fauna of North Tyrol 1: Revising discussion of the "arachnids of Tyrol" (Anton Ausserer 1867) and literature . Publ. Mus. Ferdinandeum (Innsbruck) 71, 1991, pp. 155-189
  • Thaler, Konrad & Gruber, Jürgen: On the history of arachnology in Austria 1758–1955 . Denisia (Linz) 8, 2003, pp. 139-163
  • Noflatscher, Maria Theresia & Thaler, Konrad: New and remarkable spider finds in South Tyrol . Reprint from publications by the Museum Ferdinandeum (Innsbruck), 1989, pp. 169–190

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ from Bonnet, Pierre (1945)
  2. ↑ Maurer, Ferdinand (1890), p. 3
  3. ↑ Thaler, Konrad (1991), p. 156
  4. ↑ On this and in the following see Maurer, Ferdinand (1890)
  5. ↑ Ausserer, Anton (1867a)
  6. ↑ Thaler, Konrad and Gruber, Jürgen (2003), p. 156
  7. ↑ Ausserer, Anton (1867a), p 138
  8. ^ Ausserer, Anton (1867), p. 137f.
  9. ↑ Ausserer, Anton (1871a)
  10. ↑ Ausserer, Anton (1871b)
  11. ↑ Ausserer, Anton (1875)
  12. ↑ Thaler, Konrad (1991), p. 156
  13. ↑ Schmidt, Günter (2003), p. 327
  14. ^ Norman I. Platnick: The World Spider Catalog, FAM. THERAPHOSIDAE , Version 14.0, 2000-2013, American Museum of Natural History
  15. ↑ Schmidt, Günter (2003), p. 327
  16. ↑ Thaler, Konrad & Gruber, Jürgen (2003), p. 151
  17. ↑ Noflatscher, Maria Theresia; Thaler, Konrad: New and remarkable spider finds in South Tyrol . Reprint from publications of the Museum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, 1989 - Austria

Web links


personal data
SURNAME Except, Anton
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian naturalist and arachnologist
DATE OF BIRTH July 5, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Bolzano
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1889
Place of death Gleichenberg ( Styria )