Arthur Schuster

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Arthur Schuster

Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (born September 12, 1851 in Frankfurt am Main , † October 17, 1934 in Yeldall , Berkshire ) was an English physicist of German descent.

Live and act

Arthur Schuster came from a Jewish family who emigrated to Manchester in 1869. During this time he studied French in Geneva. In 1870 he also moved to Manchester. Schuster studied physics with Balfour Stewart . Then he went to the University of Heidelberg to Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and received his doctorate here in 1873 . He then returned to Manchester and was an assistant at Balfour Stewart for a year. Schuster then continued his studies with Wilhelm Eduard Weber at the University of Göttingen and with Hermann von Helmholtz in Berlin. He then worked for two years in Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory under James Clerk Maxwell and later with John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh .

In 1881 Schuster became professor for applied physics at the University of Manchester and in 1888 successor to Balfour Stewart as professor of physics. His students include Ernest Rutherford and William Lawrence Bragg .

In 1889, Schuster investigated the daily variations in terrestrial magnetism with spherical functions . In 1907 he developed a dynamo theory of the earth's magnetic field. From 1914 to 1922 Schuster developed the Schuster-Smith (coil) magnetometer.

In 1898 he also used the term antimatter in two letters to the journal Nature . He speculated about entire star systems made of antimatter, which would be indistinguishable from our matter by observation.

Honors

Arthur Schuster was awarded the Royal Medal in 1893 , the Rumford Medal in 1926 and the Copley Medal in 1931 . In 1879 he was elected a member of the Royal Society . In 1901 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences , but in 1924 he was expelled. In 1916 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . A crater on the back of the moon is named after him. In 1913, Schuster was elected to the National Academy of Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

  • Arthur Schuster: Spectrum analysis . Macmillan, London, 4th edition 1885
  • An introduction to the theory of optics . E. Arnold, London 1904 - with Henry E. Roscoe .
  • Potential Matter. In: Nature . Volume 58, number 1513, pp. 618–619 (August 18, 1898), bibcode : 1898Natur..58..618S
  • The progress of physics during 33 years (1875-1908) - four lectures delivered to the University of Calcutta during March 1908. Arno Press, New York 1975, ISBN 0-405-06615-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 220.
  2. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 6, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Schuster @ the-moon.wikispaces.com; Schuster @ USGS -Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, accessed August 27, 2010
personal data
SURNAME Shoemaker, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schuster, Franz Arthur Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English physicist of German descent
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1934
Place of death Yeldall , Berkshire , England