August Garlichs

August Garlichs (* 19th February 1694 in Kniphausersiel ; † 19th October 1754 in Heppens ) was Councilor and reeve in Jeverland . For the first time he created a map of the dikes and other protective facilities in the region and participated in the comparison of the borders between the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and the King of Denmark .

Origin and career

Garlichs was the only child of Diedrich (also: Dietrich, Dierk) Garlichs (1651-1723), a landowner , merchant and church lawyer in Fedderwarden , and his third wife Anna Maria von Lindern († 1694). He was a half-brother of Diedrich Garlichs (1679-1759) from the first marriage of his father and grew up on the family farm, but did not take over the farm, but studied at the University of Wittenberg supported by his wealthy half-brother law , doctorate already with 21 years and became a councilor in the service of the Jever rule . He lived in Jever since 1718 at the latest .

Dikemaster

Garlichs were given the duties of a dikemaster. As such, he directed several areas. Contemporaries described as a special feature that he regularly monitored this work on site and recorded the condition of the protective systems in frequent inspection trips and documented the result. As a result of his knowledge, with the support of Albert Brahms , he wrote for the first time a “dike tape” of this area in 1730, a representation including maps of the protective devices and detailed suggestions for improvement for the individual dyke sections, which were later said to be

"Is only available in rare manuscripts, but is said to be of the greatest usefulness for everyone who is in closer or more distant connection with the dyke system"

Border comparison

Like the dike maps that Brahms made in his area, the “dike tape” made by Garlichs was also the basis for a border comparison between the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst responsible for the rule of Jever and the King of Denmark responsible north of it. After decades of negotiations, which repeatedly intervening terrain losses Ausdeichungen by storm surges as that of 1717 and 1721 and territorial gains by embankments had to take into account the "main comparison" was ratified by improving the dikes finally 1,743th In particular, “Deichinspektor Garlichs [did] particularly well for this work”.

Dike workers uprising in Sophiengroden

Garlichs is named as a decisive figure in an uprising (East Frisian "Laway") by dike workers ("Koyerern"), which is said to have taken place in Sophiengroden on Harlebucht and which served as the basis for two plays: the play by Oswald Andrae (first performance of the Oldenburg State Theater 1983 ) and the musical by Armin Tacke (direction) and Sebastian Venus (music) (first performance 2005 open air at Dangast )

The uprising did not actually take place until 1765, according to the presentation in these plays, and the authors admit that the “sources were poor”. After all, it is true that at the time of Garlichs too, building dykes was a profitable business for the authorities on the coast. In this way, newly reclaimed land could be leased to the farmers at great cost. While in Aurich and in the Oldenburger Land mainly prisoners were used to build the dikes, in Jeverland mostly local farmers had to do the hard work as day laborers. Not infrequently they died of malaria , exhaustion and hunger. But about Brahms, not Garlichs, farmers who were obliged to dyke complained to the government in Jever in 1749 and 1750. In fact, around 1765, larger areas of Harlebucht were wrested from the sea by dykes - but not the Sophiengroden, but the neighboring Friedrichs- and Friedrich-Augusten-Groden. The strike of around 1,800 dike workers took place on Friedrich-August-Groden and was put down on July 2, 1765 by the deployment of Prussian soldiers from Emden , although there were no deaths. In terms of the time and activity of Garlichs and Brahms, both works of art thus link historically accurate data with the deviations arising from artistic freedom.

progeny

Garlich's first marriage in 1717 was Helene Lucia Boycken, daughter of Johann Siegmund Boycken, mayor (1690–1692) of Jever, who died in 1724. In his second marriage he married Icke Margret, daughter of a Garlich Dirks, widowed from Harlem . There were at least three children from these marriages, including Diedrich August, Antoinette Elisabeth (* 1719) and Johann Heino (* March 4, 1727). Like his father, the latter became a member of the government in Jever. The third marriage comes from Johanne Charlotte Louise (1739-1806). She was married to the magistrate and consistorial councilor Johann Heinrich Große (1729–1781). The tomb is in Moorwarfen . August Garlichs died in 1754 "on the occasion of a dike inspection trip, in a chief's house near Banterwierth, where he suddenly fell ill and quickly ended", that is, before his much older half-brother Diedrich, who had intended him to be his heir.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ August Garlichs (Ievera Frisio) 1715: Dissertation De iure incerto ex dvbia legvm, qvibus vtimvr, auctoritate oriundo ( online in the Google book search)
2. ↑ August Garlichs in: Historien-Kalender - Frisisches Jahrbuch. Born 1932, 1934. Currently Hajo Allmers (Ed.), Brune-Mettcker Printing and Publishing Company, Jever ( PDF )
3. ^ ^{A b c d e} Aid association for the provincial school 1853: Contributions to the special history of Jeverland . 252 p., Mettcker publishing house
4. ↑ Friedrich-Wilhelm Schaer 1985: Jever City Archives, files of the City Court 16th century - early 19th century, part 4, in: Issue 23 of publications by the Lower Saxony archive administration. Verlag Holzberg, ISBN 3-8735-8232-5
5. ↑ August Garlichs 1732: Description of the condition of the dikes and sluices in the Jever rule , copy from the original, Library of the Mariengymnasium Jever, No. 291, Bibl. XI Cb 24
6. ↑ ^{a b} : Hans Friedl (Hrsg.) 1992: Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg , 825 pages, Oldenburg, Verlag Isensee ISBN 3-89442-135-5 ( Online ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. At the Oldenburg State Library ; letter B as PDF ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. Ibid.)  
7. ↑ August Garlichs 1730: Jeverischer Deichband or a detailed description of the condition of the dykes and sluices [sic] of the Jever rule , copy of the original, Library of the Mariengymnasium Jever, No. 288, Hs. Coll. No. 288
8. ^ Karl Georg Böse 1863: The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg: topographical-statistical description of the same . 808 p., Stalling publishing house
9. ↑ Historical Atlas : Oswald Andraes masterpiece: The play "Laway - Uprising of the Deicher 1765"
10. ^ Rolf Uphoff 1995: Die Deicher , 288 pages, Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg, ISBN 3-8959-8310-1 ( DNB 946259860 )
11. ↑ Gelhart 2005: The dike
12. ↑ Nordwestzeitung online from February 22, 2005: When the dyke becomes mad - the Dangaster musical "Der Deicher"
13. ↑ Nordwestzeitung online from June 16, 2005: Review of the musical "Der Deicher"
14. ↑ Günther Büsing u. a. 2003: History of land reclamation at Harlebucht , in: Find out about Harlebucht ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )  
15. ^ Klaus Dede: To Weser and Jade - a regional story . [1]
16. ↑ In 1763 Jever experienced a festivity and illumination like never before and afterwards , in: Historien-Kalender - Frisisches Jahrbuch, vol. 1983, pp. 38–48.
17. ↑ Antje Sander: Death, Sepulchral Culture in Friesland from the Middle Ages to Modern Times . Isensee, Oldenburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-89995-881-2 . Pages 165 to 173.