Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

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Population distribution in the Oblast 1989: Armenians red, Azerbaijanis blue

The Autonomous oblast Karabakh ( Russian Нагорно-Карабахская автономная область, НКАО ; Armenian Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ ; aserbaidschanisch Дағлыг Гарабағ Мухтар Вилајәти, ДГМВ ) was an autonomous oblast within the limits of Azerbaijan SSR . It existed from 1923 until the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991. The majority of the population was Armenian . The capital was Stepanakert .

history

The Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was mainly populated by Armenians at the beginning of the 20th century, was disputed between the two states after the independence of Azerbaijan and Armenia from the Russian Empire. Even after both came under Soviet control in 1920 , the conflict was not resolved. In March 1921, Moscow assured Turkey in a peace treaty that Nagorno-Karabakh would fall to Azerbaijan. As the nationalities commissioner at the time , Josef Stalin played a key role in the decision. As a result, on July 7, 1923, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was established within the Azerbaijani SSR . It was founded as an enclave , separated from Armenia proper by a strip of land. The boundaries of the oblast were drawn in such a way that as many Armenian villages as possible were included and as many Azerbaijani villages as possible were excluded in order to avoid potential nationality conflicts. The result secured a large Armenian majority in the district.

After the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between the Armenian and Azerbaijani SSR escalated again in 1987 , violent incidents between the two ethnic groups increased. After the declaration of independence of the two Soviet republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan from the Soviet Union, the administration of the Autonomous Oblast also declared full independence as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic on September 3, 1991 . On November 26, 1991, the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan abolished the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Oblast and dissolved it. The internal administrative units were restructured and their territory was partially divided between the newly created Tärtär and Kälbädschär Rajons . The districts of Chodjali , Xankəndi , Shuschi and Chodschavand remained. After the war that followed from 1992 to 1994, most of the territory is under the control of the armed forces of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , which also controls areas in the surrounding area. With the declaration of independence and the dissolution of the Oblast by Azerbaijan, the history of Nagorno-Karabakh Oblast ended.

Administrative structure and population

Development of the population composition from 1921 to 1989: Armenians orange, Azerbaijanis green, others purple

The oblast was divided into five districts (Rajon) and the capital Stepanakert. There were four enclaves within the area that were not part of the oblast but of other administrative units of Azerbaijan. Almost exclusively Azerbaijanis lived in them. In 1979 the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast had a population of 162,181. 75.9% of them were Armenians. When the oblast was established it was 94.4%.

Population composition, 1989
area Armenians Azerbaijanis Other total
Stepanakert (capital) 52,607 3,385 713 56,705
Martakert district 40,085 6,200 762 47,047
Martuni district 23,103 4,997 102 28.202
Askeran district 15,623 5.123 208 20,954
Shushi Raion 1,430 18,679 265 20,374
Hadrut Raion 12,555 1.932 ... 14,487
total 145.403 40,316 2,050 187.769

literature

  • Gérard Dédéyan: Histoire du peuple arménien . Ed. Private, Toulouse 2007, ISBN 978-2-7089-6874-5 , pp. 991 .

Web links

Commons : Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eva-Maria Also: "Eternal Fire" in Azerbaijan - A country between perestroika, civil war and independence . Reports of the Federal Institute for Eastern and International Studies , 8-1992, p. 18 f.
  2. ↑ Karl R. DeRouen, Uk Heo "Civil wars of the world: major conflicts since World War II, Volume 1", 2007, p 146th
  3. ↑ Audrey L. Old Town. The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule. Hoover Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8179-9182-4 , ISBN 978-0-8179-9182-1 .
  4. ↑ Eva-Maria Also: "Eternal Fire" in Azerbaijan - A country between perestroika, civil war and independence . Reports of the Federal Institute for Eastern and International Studies, 8–1992.
  5. ↑ Russian : НАГОРНО-КАРАБАХСКАЯ АО (1979 г.)
  6. ↑ Also, 1992, p. 29.
  7. ↑ Dağlıq Qarabağ 1920-1980-ci illərdə