Platform height (Germany)

Common platform
heights in Germany Visualization of the height conditions: 1 px = 10 mm

380 mm	550 mm	760 mm	960 mm

In Germany , the Railway Building and Operating Regulations (EBO) stipulate a platform height of at least 380 mm to a maximum of 960 mm for standard-gauge railways. In the case of new constructions or extensive conversions of passenger platforms, the platform edges should therefore generally be placed at a height of 760 mm above the upper edge of the rails (both for S-Bahn and regional transport), heights of less than 380 mm and more than 960 mm are not permitted. Platforms on which only S-Bahn stops should be placed at a height of 960 mm above the top of the rails.

history

Situation in the German Reich from 1905

The Railway Building and Operating Regulations (BO), which came into force on May 1, 1905 , stipulated in Section 23 (1): “The edges of passenger platforms are usually 0.76 or 0.38 m above the top edge of the rails, but platforms are less than 0.38 m high are permitted. In curves, the cant must be taken into account. "

Situation in the German Reich from 1928

The Railway Building and Operating Regulations (BO), which came into force on October 1, 1928 , stipulated in Section 23 (1): “The edges of passenger platforms are usually 0.76 or 0.38 m above the top edge of the rails, but platforms are less than 0.38 m high are permitted. In curvatures of the track, the elevation of the outer strand must be taken into account. "

Situation FRG from 1967

In the first version of the EBO from May 1967, the standard heights for platforms were 380 and 760 mm above the top of the rails. The possibility of building higher platforms with special permission has been introduced.

Section 13 states with regard to the height: “The edges of the passenger platforms are generally to be placed 0.76 m or 0.38 m above the upper edge of the rails, but platforms are less than 0.38 m high and with special approval (Section 3 Para. 2) more than 0.76 m in height permitted. "

Situation in the GDR from the 1970s

In the GDR, double-decker cars with low-floor entry were used and 550 mm was defined as the additional standard height. This corresponded to a UIC standard.

Situation from 1990

reunion

Platform height, by number, as of 1994

With the accession of the territory of the GDR to the area of application of the Basic Law according to Art. 23 GG old version , the EEO was basically also applicable in the accession area . In the five new federal states the height of 550 mm was more common than in the old federal area.

Changes to the railway building and operating regulations in 1991

With the Third Ordinance amending the Railway Construction and Operating Regulations in May 1991, the provisions on platform heights were tightened in order to promote long-term standardization and to reduce the difficulties for people with usage difficulties. Since then, the standard heights for new buildings or extensive renovations are only 760 mm, 960 mm are permitted when city high-speed railways only stop. Heights of less than 380 mm and more than 960 mm are no longer permitted. The railway infrastructure companies were given the opportunity to define further standard heights for specific applications in their own regulations. For railways that are operated as trams according to BOStrab , the platform should not be higher than the vehicle floor , when using modern low-floor vehicles, the platform height is usually around 300 mm, but a number of light rail systems also use elevated platforms. The building and operating regulations for narrow-gauge railways do not specify any requirements for platform height.

In a small inquiry in the Bundestag, inventory data is broken down into “96, 76, 55, 38 and under 38 cm”. In the answer of September 18, 1997, the Federal Government announced: “According to the comment on the railway building and operating regulations (Thoma / Paetzold / Wittenberg, 2nd edition 1994), 53% of the platforms are less than 0.38 m high , 12% of 0.76 m and 4% of 0.96 m above the top of the rail. "

Platform height concept 2011

Platform heights in Germany to platform length
(DB Station & Service AG, infrastructure cadastre 2013)

In 2011, Deutsche Bahn and the federal states agreed on a reform of the platform height concept. In the course of renovations, uniformity and accessibility should be achieved. A platform height of 76 cm was specified as the standard height; in justified exceptional cases 55 cm permitted.

With the 2011 platform height concept, a conceptual, nationwide definition of the platform height was made for the first time. A contractual agreement on platform heights (target heights for new buildings and conversions) has so far only been made with the Bavarian Railway Company (BEG).

In 2014, 32.6% of the platform length of DB Station & Service was 760 mm high, 19.5% was 550 mm high and 21.2% was only 380 mm. 18.2% was lower than 380 mm, 8.4% was 960 mm or 1030 mm high. 1.5 kilometers of the platforms had a special height.

In 2014 DB AG wrote: “In some regions, 55 cm platforms dominate today, most of which were built in the last two decades. A change to a different platform height would therefore not be economically justifiable. "

On the Berlin – Dresden line, out of 18 platforms to be renovated in the Brandenburg area, ten with 760 mm and eight with 550 mm were planned. The country wanted 550 mm, the railway 760 mm. The Federal Railway Authority allegedly claims that "higher train speeds require higher platforms". The technical regulations of Deutsche Bahn AG provide for a platform height of 76 cm for platforms with passages at more than 160 km / h.

TSI infrastructure as EU regulation 2015

Standard for new buildings:
green: 550 mm,
blue: 760 mm,
turquoise: 550 and 760 mm

Since January 1, 2014, the infrastructure TSI has been in effect directly due to EU Regulation No. 1299/2014 of the European Commission of November 18, 2014. There it says under 4.2.9.2: "For arc diameters of 300 m and more, the nominal platform height must be 550 mm or 760 mm above the upper edge of the rail". The area of application is the “trans-European rail system”, defined as the conventional trans-European rail system and the trans-European high-speed rail system within the meaning of Annex I numbers 1 and 2, which in turn refer to “Decision No. 1692/96 / EC”.

Infrastructure status and development reports 2015-2017

Platform heights in Germany according to travelers per day 2015
(DB Station & Service AG, IZB 2015)

In the Infrastructure Status and Development Report (IZB) 2014, Deutsche Bahn AG gives on page 167 ff. The distribution of platform heights according to net lengths and a "distribution of passengers per day at platform heights". In the IZB 2015 (p. 154), 2016 and 2017, in section “A2) Platform heights”, only a “Distribution of passengers per day at platform heights [%]” is given graphically.

Situation from 2017

Deutsche Bahn presented a new platform height concept, and the BMVI sent a circular to the federal states' transport authorities. According to both documents, the height of 760 mm is to be promoted more, and the 550 mm for regional traffic is being moved away. This provokes opposition from several federal states and other institutions. At the Transport Ministers' Conference in April 2018, a proposal to amend the EBO will be decided.

Platform height concept 2017

From the point of view of DB, the platform height concept is necessary in order to improve accessibility: For example, travelers who steplessly board a train in Berlin to Dresden at 76 cm will find lower platforms in Brandenburg, which results in one step when getting off. In Dresden, travelers get off again steplessly.

The platform height concept therefore defines target heights that Deutsche Bahn wants to achieve in the long term. This means that the requirements of the EBO (see above) are implemented and the exception specified in the EBO is applied. Since the platform height concept 2017 does not trigger any construction work, but will only be implemented when there is a technical need, there are no additional costs. Accordingly, DB is assuming an implementation period of 30 to 40 years.

The frequently shared reference to the costs of EUR 250 million / year up to 2053 is incorrect and is based on a misinterpretation of internal DB documents.

Letter from the BMVI on the third service and financing agreement in January 2017

In a letter dated January 5, 2017, the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) informed the supreme transport authorities of the federal states that in the third service and financing agreement (LuFV III) between the BMVI and Deutsche Bahn AG, the incentives to build platforms should be reinforced with a height of 760 mm.

According to a report by Wirtschaftswoche on February 21, 2017, State Secretary Enak Ferlemann (CDU) wrote shortly beforehand to the transport authorities of the federal states: "Since the platforms are expected to have a long service life after a renovation, the platforms on the routes of the railways of the Federal government, the standard platform height of 0.76 meters will be adhered to even more stringently in the future. "

According to WiWo, Thomas Geyer from the regional rail passenger transport association Rhineland-Palatinate North suspects that the reason is that the federal government is trying to "prevent unauthorized crossing of the tracks" through the higher platforms. DB AG confirms that 760 mm is the optimal platform height for the ICE, but "vehemently" denied that Ronald Pofalla (CDU), who has been on the board of DB AG since January 1, 2015 and has been responsible for infrastructure since 2017, had a hand in it have. The initiative was solely a decision by the Federal Ministry of Transport.

Around 2017, according to a report by the night magazine ARD on August 23, 2017, platforms with a height of 550 mm had a nationwide share of 37%, in Thuringia 95% and in Rhineland-Palatinate 59%. The same figures were given by the ARD magazine Plusminus on October 18, 2017 and additionally: Share of the height 550 mm in North Rhine-Westphalia 7%, Bavaria 36%, Saarland 71% and Baden-Württemberg 54%. According to Plusminus , the Federal Ministry of Transport is demanding that the standard platform height of 0.76 m be adhered to even more stringently in the future, because this is the only way to “create technical uniformity in the railway system”.

In the third service and financing agreement between the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) and DBAG, which is to apply from 2020, the BMVI wants to increase the incentives for the construction of 760 mm high platforms.

Criticism of the new height concept

The Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Transport therefore fears delays in ongoing planning and, like the Deutsche Bahnkunden-Verband , criticizes the fact that the majority of neighboring countries are also aiming for a platform height of 550 mm. Criticism also came from the eastern German federal states, which were based on the previous platform height concepts of Deutsche Bahn for the procurement of vehicles (including double-deck cars with low entry), new buildings such as the Leipzig City Tunnel and the renovation of existing stations, which for many routes had 550 mm high platforms provided. In Thuringia, only 13 of 457 platforms are 760 mm high, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania there are 18 of 366.

Wolfgang Ball, press spokesman for Nahverkehrsservice Sachsen-Anhalt, said of DB AG's plans to increase it to 760 mm : "We don't think that's good at all and we can't see the point of this matter either."

As a result of the unanimous request by the Conference of Transport Ministers , it was agreed in January 2018 that the federal states should develop new concepts with the aim of achieving maximum accessibility. In April 2018 , Rhineland-Palatinate was the first federal state to announce that it had reached an agreement with Deutsche Bahn on the further procedure for expanding stations. The compromise largely corresponds to the platform height concept of 2011, which envisages 550 mm high platforms on a number of routes.

In Thuringia, there was resistance to a general increase to 760 mm in 2018, according to Infrastructure Minister Birgit Keller, the state fundamentally rejects the increase. Since the early 1990s, around 60 platforms with 380 mm, around 200 with 550 mm and 13 with 760 mm have been built in Thuringia.

The Ministry of Transport in Lower Saxony has concerns about the new concept. Nationwide there are still around 150 stations with never modernized, maximum 39 centimeter high platforms: "Therefore, from the state's point of view, it is much more important to raise these platforms than to demand a standardization of 76 cm high platforms." Lower Saxony will no longer have any money in invest in the reconstruction of breakpoints if the agreements reached at state level were unilaterally dissolved.

As of November 30, 2017

Platform
heights in Germany 9,231 platforms
(DB Station & Service AG, November 30, 2017)

Median height November 30, 2017:
green: 550 mm,
blue: 760 mm,
violet: 960 mm

Travelers per day in 2017, transferring passengers several times at
IZB 2017

Number of platforms according to platform heights per federal state (as of November 30, 2017), absolute and percentage
state	Platform heights
-	<380 mm		380 mm		550 mm		760 mm		850 mm		960 mm		1030 mm		total	statistics
-	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	%	Section.	Median	mode
Baden-Württemberg	241	18.9	253	19.8	381	29.9	322	25.2	7th	0.5	79	6.2		0	1276	550 mm	550 mm
Bavaria	391	24.8	395	25.1	232	14.7	394	25.0		0	157	10.0		0	1576	550 mm	380 mm
Berlin	0	0	2	1.0	6th	2.9	37	17.6		0	118	56.2	47	22.4	210	960 mm	960 mm
Brandenburg	142	27.7	28	5.5	128	25.0	175	34.2		0	28	5.5	11	2.1	512	550 mm	760 mm
Bremen	1	3.7	4th	14.8		0	22nd	81.5		0		0		0	27	760 mm	760 mm
Hamburg	0	0	1	1.2		0	19th	23.5		0	61	75.3		0	81	960 mm	960 mm
Hesse	173	21.9	148	18.8	161	20.4	236	29.9	1	0.1	70	8.9		0	789	550 mm	760 mm
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	61	21.6	42	14.9	161	57.1	18th	6.4		0		0		0	282	550 mm	550 mm
Lower Saxony	59	9.1	72	11.1	157	24.3	358	55.3		0	1	0.2		0	647	760 mm	760 mm
North Rhine-Westphalia	96	8.2	219	18.7	43	3.7	633	54.0		0	181	15.4		0	1172	760 mm	760 mm
Rhineland-Palatinate	183	25.5	126	17.6	143	19.9	165	23.0		0		0		0	717	550 mm	<380 mm
Saarland	46	38.7	8th	6.7	45	37.8	20th	16.8		0		0		0	119	550 mm	550 mm
Saxony	226	34.6	96	14.7	305	46.7	26th	4.0		0		0		0	653	550 mm	550 mm
Saxony-Anhalt	97	19.4	124	24.8	212	42.3	68	13.6		0		0		0	501	550 mm	550 mm
Schleswig-Holstein	3	1.4	42	19.4	34	15.7	128	59.3		0	9	4.2		0	216	760 mm	760 mm
Thuringia	127	28.0	93	20.5	220	48.6	13	2.9		0		0		0	453	550 mm	550 mm
total	1846	20th	1653	17.9	2328	25.2	2634	28.5	8th	0.1	704	7.6	58	0.6	9231	550 mm	760 mm
east	653	25.0	385	14.7	1032	39.5	337	12.9	0	0	146	5.6	58	2.2	2611	550 mm	550 mm
west	1193	18.0	1268	19.2	1296	19.6	2297	34.7	8th	0.1	558	8.4	0	0	6620	550 mm	760 mm

Transport Ministers' Conference on 19./20. April 2018

The platform heights were the topic of the Transport Ministers' Conference on 19/20. April 2018 It was decided:

"The Conference of Transport Ministers proposes the following changes to the Railway Building and Operating Regulations (EBO):

a) In Section 2 (3) EBO, the requirement must be included that the programs are drawn up with the participation of the federal states and the regional rail transport authorities.

b) In § 13 paragraph 1 sentence 1 EBO platforms with a height of 55 cm above sea level should be. SO platforms with a height of 76 cm above sea level. SO are equated as the standard platform height.

c) In § 13 Paragraph 1 Clause 2 EBO, the regulation that platforms, on which only city high-speed trains stop, are to be placed at a height of 0.96 m above the top of the rails, is to be replaced by an optional provision.

The Conference of Transport Ministers asks the country chairing the Railway Policy Working Group to introduce a corresponding draft law to amend § 2 and § 13 of the EBO in the legislative process via the Federal Council. "

Regulation in the performance and financing agreement III

According to Annex 13.2.2, Section 3.2.2 Platform Height - Target Height [H] according to the Platform Height Concept (BSHK) of the Performance and Financing Agreement III, regulations for target value measurement were established on the basis of the platform height concept of DB AG from 2011. There is the principle rule height 76 cm (or 96 cm for city trains); no exception in the main network and in metropolitan areas. Goal: Continuous, level-free entry and exit.

Exceptions (simplified):

Platform height 55 cm outside the main network, if the majority of the platforms on a line already have this height (rule 1, rule 4), or in the main network, if the stations are also within or a maximum of 20 km outside of a conurbation and are approached at least three times an hour (rule 3).
Platform height 55 cm on RegioTram lines and platforms where no national lines stop (rule 2a).
Platform height 38 cm for platforms where only RegioTrams with 38 cm boarding height stop (rule 2b).
Platform height 55 cm in the main network for cross-border lines that end no more than 70 km inland (rule 5).
Platform height 55 cm in the main network for a transitional period, if vehicles with 55 cm entrances are used for at least 20 years (rule 6).
Platform height 55 cm in and outside the main network if this exceeds the loading gauge, e.g. B. for inclined plate transport, make necessary.
Exceptions according to the platform height concept and hardship cases.

With all exceptions, apart from the latter two, it must also be possible to separate the platforms for lines with different heights from the platforms for lines with 76 cm / 96 cm. In this case, the platforms of a station have different heights depending on the line served.

Situation by state

Countries with a median of 550 mm

Baden-Württemberg

Until 2017, there was no nationwide coordinated concept according to which platform target heights were determined for the respective routes. The platform heights to be expanded were previously determined by the state line by line when modernization was due. In most cases, a height of 55 cm was chosen. In 2017, Deutsche Bahn presented a platform height concept for Baden-Württemberg that provided for a uniform expansion to a height of 76 cm. This concept was criticized by the state because it would call into question the previous investments in platform modernization. In November 2017, the federal and state governments agreed that lines that can be extended continuously to 55 cm can continue to be extended. So-called hybrid platforms are to be built on other lines, some of which have both heights and, after a transition period, will be completely rebuilt to 76 cm.

In 2018, the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Transport introduced a mixed concept into the discussion of future platform heights. The lines of the Stuttgart S-Bahn are to have platforms with 96 cm or in mixed traffic with 76 cm. The lines of the S-Bahn Rhein-Neckar and the Metropolexpress around Stuttgart are to have a platform height of 76 cm. The remaining routes are to have platforms 55 cm high. In particular in the dual-system light rail networks in Karlsruhe, Heilbronn and Neckar-Alb, a platform height of 55 cm is seen as a necessary platform height to create barrier-free access. The concept envisages separation stations that have 76 cm and 55 cm platforms and enable barrier-free transfers between trains with different boarding heights. The concept is intended to keep the costs of creating complete accessibility as low as possible and to allow a large proportion of the platforms that have already been converted to continue to be used without conversion.

Bavaria

The Bavarian Railway Company, as regional rail transport authority in Bavaria, developed a target platform height concept in 2009. In the case of branch lines and diesel-operated main lines, this provides for an extension to a platform height of 55 cm for the most part. Mainly electrified main lines are to be expanded to 76 cm. For the Munich S-Bahn, an expansion to 96 cm is planned. There are a few exceptions. The exact distribution can be seen on a map.

With the commissioning of the second operating stage of the Nuremberg S-Bahn in 2010, many stations on the S1 and S3 lines were reduced from 96 cm to 76 cm platform height, as only with such vehicles the extensions to Bamberg, Ansbach and Neumarkt in mixed traffic with other train categories could be implemented. On the S2 line between Roth and Altdorf there are mostly platforms with a height of 96 cm or 85 cm, which are also to be reduced to 76 cm at a later date.

Brandenburg

Stops with different platform heights were set up on the Berlin - Dresden route, ten of 18 stations on Brandenburg area with 760 mm and eight with 550 mm. The state of Brandenburg had advocated a continuous 550 mm because of accessibility, the DB AG did not agree.

Hesse

The Lollar station should be increased from 380 mm mm 550th The plans were halted by the 2017 platform height concept. The Marburg Station was " Station of the Year 2015" and has a height of 550 mm.

In Schwarzenberg , a stopping point for a regiotram designed for 380 mm was to be built with 760 mm. As a compromise, 550mm were named.The incident led to a report in the Real Madness category of the satirical magazine extra 3 .

In October 2018, the renovation of the Treysa train station including an increase to 550 mm was approved

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Only 18 of 366 platforms in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are 760 mm high.

Rhineland-Palatinate

The state of Rhineland-Palatinate and DB Station & Service first agreed a joint platform height concept in 2006, which was revised in 2011. This concept provides for a mixed concept of platform heights of 55 cm and 76 cm. It prioritizes the 76 cm expansion on the important main routes and the 55 cm expansion in the regional network. In junction stations where lines of both heights meet, platforms should be expanded separately according to the target height of the access lines in order to enable barrier-free change between the two systems. This agreement was revised in 2018 as part of the discussion about a nationwide uniform height of 76 cm. The target platform height was changed for five percent of the stations. A target platform height of 76 cm was agreed for the long-term for the local line and the western line in Trier. However, this should only be used when the current generation of vehicles is replaced. Until then, these stretches are to be expanded to 55 cm.

Saxony-Anhalt

A standard platform target height of 55 cm is shown in the state's public transport plan. There are exceptions to this for electrified routes with cross-border local rail transport services to Lower Saxony and Brandenburg, the stations of which are to be expanded to 76 cm.

Thuringia

In Thuringia, there was resistance to a general increase to 760 mm in 2018, according to Infrastructure Minister Birgit Keller, the state fundamentally rejects the increase. Since the beginning of the 1990s, around 60 platforms with 380 mm, around 200 with 550 mm and 13 with 760 mm have been built in Thuringia.

Countries with a median of 760 mm

Lower Saxony

The Lower Saxony regional transport company has worked with DB Station & Service to develop a platform height concept that provides a mixed concept with heights of 76 cm and 55 cm. Apart from a few border lines, this concept provides for an expansion to a platform height of 76 cm for the electrified lines and a height of 55 cm for the diesel-operated lines. In the same way, the regional association for the greater Braunschweig area has also coordinated its platform height concept. Due to the lack of local rail transport routes that are not electrically operated, a platform height of only 76 cm is aimed for in the Hanover region .

North Rhine-Westphalia

In North Rhine-Westphalia, since the regionalization of local transport in 1996, mainly platforms with a height of 76 cm have been expanded. A platform height of 96 cm was implemented on routes that are used exclusively for S-Bahn traffic. Individual stations in East Westphalia and South Westphalia were expanded to 55 cm in height. A platform height of 38 cm was implemented in the Düren circular path network .

In 2016, a platform length and height concept was agreed between the three special purpose associations for local rail transport and the Ministry for Building, Housing, Urban Development and Transport in North Rhine-Westphalia. This provides a target standard height of 76 cm. Exceptions apply to S-Bahn lines, which can be expanded to 96 cm if provisions are made for a later conversion to 76 cm. Furthermore, stations on routes on which transports exceeding the loading gauge take place and routes in South Westphalia with 55 cm can be expanded in order to create compatibility with platforms in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate. Another exception are the stretches of the Düren circular path, the target height of which is given in the table as 55 cm.

Schleswig-Holstein

There is a framework agreement between the state, NAH.SH and DB Station & Service for the modernization and barrier-free expansion of train stations, which Pro Bahn SH welcomes.

Web links

DB Group - platform information - database with platform height of all train stations in passenger traffic

DB Group - Step by step to barrier-free travel ( Memento from April 20, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) - Media package platform heights

Eurailpress: The platform height concept of DB AG ( Memento from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Article in the ETR magazine, issue 05/2014

Individual evidence

↑ § 13 of the EBO

^ German Bundestag (Ed.): Appropriate platform heights for a user-friendly railway infrastructure . Answer of the Federal Government to the small question of the MPs Dr. Anton Hofreiter, Winfried Hermann, Markus Tressel, other MPs and the Alliance 90 / The Greens (printed matter 17/5153) (= printed matter . No. 17/5382 ). Bundesanzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, April 6, 2011, ISSN 0722-8333 ( bundestag.de [PDF; 91 kB ; accessed on October 11, 2013]).

↑ http://epoche2.modellbahnfrokler.de/dv/e2d_0301.html#P23

↑ http://epoche2.modellbahnfrokler.de/dv/e2d_2302.html#P23

^ Heinz Delvendahl: The railway systems in the new railway building and operating regulations (EBO) . In: The Federal Railroad . tape 41 , no. 13/14 , 1967, ISSN 0007-5876 , pp. 453-460 .

↑ https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl267s1563.pdf%27%5D__1541959634810

↑ https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/1173544/52654276c4eebdd3e6d2219423424773/ETR-05_2014-Bahnsteigh%C3%B6henkonzept-data.pdf

↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=FcZDDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR32&lpg=PR32#v=onepage&q&f=false

↑ In the answer of September 18, 1997 the federal government states: “According to the comment on the railway building and operating regulations (Thoma / Paetzold / Wittenberg, 2nd edition 1994), 53% of the platforms are less than 0.38 high m, 12% of 0.76 m and 4% of 0.96 m above the top of the rail. " [1]

^ Walter Mittmann, Fritz Pätzold, Dieter Reuter, Hermann Richter, Klaus-Dieter Wittenberg: The Third Ordinance to Change the Railway Construction and Operating Regulations (EBO) . In: The Federal Railroad . No. 7-8 , 1991, ISSN 0007-5876 , pp. 759-770 .

↑ § 31 of the BOStrab

↑ http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/13/085/1308541.pdf

↑ https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/1173544/52654276c4eebdd3e6d2219423424773/ETR-05_2014-Bahnsteighöhenkonzept-data.pdf

↑ The 3rd program of Deutsche Bahn AG , Chapter 2.1.5.4 "Construction measures"

↑ ^a ^b ^c Eberhard Kieffer, Jürgen Ernst, Christiane Jasper-Ottenhus: The platform height concept of the DB AG . In: Eurailpress (Ed.): ETR . May 2014, p. 36–42 ( deutschebahn.com [PDF]).

↑ Accessibility in rail transport - platform heights. Retrieved August 6, 2019 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c Service and financing agreement: Infrastructure status and development report 2014. (PDF; 9.3 MB) Chapter 3.2.2 "Investment complex platforms" "Development of platform heights" Figure 12. Deutsche Bahn AG Kommunikation Infrastruktur, April 9, 2015 , accessed March 28, 2017 .

↑ http://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/Vorsicht-Stufe!-an-der-Bahn

↑ "The incomprehensible railway farce" [2]

↑ https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R1299&from=DE

↑ https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32008L0057&from=de

↑ https://www.eba.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Finanzierung/IZB/IZB_2015.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

↑ https://kleineanfragen.de/bayern/17/21212-bahnsteighoehenkonzept-der-deutschen-bahn-2017-ausektiven-fuer-bayern

↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEnGnyDaCO0

↑ https://www.landtag-bw.de/files/live/sites/LTBW/files/dokumente/WP16/Drucksachen/1000/16_1675_D.pdf#page=3

↑ https://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/posse-um-bahnsteighoehe-skurriler-streit-um-21-zentimeter/19398850.html

↑ https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bahnsteige-101.html

↑ https://www.daserste.de/information/wirtschaft-boerse/plusminus/bahnsteighoehen-100.html

↑ Deutscher Bahnkunden-Verband eV: Platform heights in Germany: Current regulations prevent accessibility for decades. In: Press release on verbaende.com. March 20, 2018, accessed June 6, 2018 .

↑ Printed matter 16/1675 of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg : Small inquiry from Abg. Dr. Erik Schweickert FDP / DVP and answer from the Ministry of Transport: "Platform heights along the Residenzbahn"

↑ Ludwig Bundscherer: Thuringia expects additional costs from converting platforms. (No longer available online.) In: MDR AKTUELL. January 2, 2018, archived from the original on April 3, 2018 ; accessed on April 3, 2018 .

↑ Printed matter 7/1670 - Small question from the MPs Dr. Mignon Schwenke, DIE LINKE parliamentary group, concept for platform heights and implementation of accessibility in local rail transport. (PDF) Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Parliament, February 7, 2018, accessed on June 6, 2018 .

↑ https://www.daserste.de/information/wirtschaft-boerse/plusminus/bahnsteighoehen-100.html

↑ Transport Ministers' Conference calls for a barrier-free concept for platform heights. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, November 10, 2017, accessed on June 6, 2018 .

↑ Matthias Roeser: Countries should develop concepts for platform heights | Traffic letter. In: Traffic letter. January 15, 2018, accessed June 6, 2018 .

^ Wissing: Agreement on platform heights for Rhineland-Palatinate. Ministry of Economy, Transport, Agriculture and Viticulture, April 24, 2018, accessed April 27, 2018 .

↑ https://www.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/zgt/politik/detail/-/specific/Thueringen-lehnt-neue-Bahnsteighoehe-ab-1643872007

↑ https://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/vermischtes/artikel/1004308/streit-um-einheitliche-hoehe-fuer-bahnsteige

^ ^A ^b Platform heights in Germany . Answer of the federal government to the small question of the MPs Torsten Herbst, Jens Beeck, Bernd Reuther, other MPs and the parliamentary group of the FDP. In: German Bundestag (ed.): Printed matter . No. 19/3246 . Bundesanzeiger Verlag GmbH, July 5, 2018, ISSN 0722-8333 , p. 2 ( bundestag.de [PDF; 279 kB ; accessed on November 9, 2018] Infrastructure register status: November 30, 2017).

↑ https://www.eba.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Finanzierung/IZB/IZB_2017.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3

↑ https://www.verkehrsministerkonferenz.de/VMK/DE/termine/sitzungen/18-04-19-20-vmk/18-04-19-20-pm.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

↑ https://www.verkehrsministerkonferenz.de/VMK/DE/termine/sitzungen/18-04-19-20-vmk/18-04-19-20-beschluss.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

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