Gumbel Bank

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View from 1910, at that time the first floor housed the E. Lederer clothing store.

The bank Gumbel to Kaiserstrasse 34 in Heilbronn housed temporarily, the private bank of Jewish Heilbronn banking family Gumbel whose representative facade designed by the architect Graf & Röckle from Stuttgart in the style of eclectic ( "style elements of the neo , and the second baroque ") within the Historismus designed has been. The artistic design of the shop window facade of the office building was carried out by August Stotz in Art Nouveau style .

The bank building was also the scene of the pogroms in 1933. The “people's anger - [a] well-organized stimulation of the masses” was directed against the Jewish banker Otto Igersheimer ; a mob of around 300 people gathered in front of the bank, demanded the extradition of the Jewish bank director and shouted: "Jud Igersheimer out!"

In a previous building, which was demolished in 1906 in favor of the Gumbel bank, was the well-known Herberge zur Krone in the 16th century , where Götz von Berlichingen is said to have lived for years (1519–1522). Even Mark Twain is said to have spent the night there.

Today, on the site of the Gumbel bank, which was destroyed in 1944, there is a new building from 1951, which was built according to a design by the architect Hermann Denzinger from Gundelsheim .

history

Tavern Krone - Götz von Berlichingen

Heilbronn, Herberge zur Krone, Kaiserstraße 34 and 36 (revised according to the archaeological city cadastre, map 4, no. 231).

The previous building was home to the Krone inn in the 16th century, which was run by Dietz Wagenmann ("des Diezen Herberg"). Götz von Berlichingen was imprisoned here between 1519 and 1522.

"231 Krone, departed, Kaiserstraße 34 and street area (UKP 349/50). Götz von Berlichingen was arrested between 1519 and 1522 in Dietz Wagenmann's Krone inn . The crown is described as a large corner house on the market by the Kilian's Church, which was opposite the staff in front of the church door. The landlord Dietz is still occupied in 1532 ... The building, which was destroyed in a bombing in 1944, was the successor to a semi-detached house, which was demolished in 1906/07 and which houses the old inn. "

- Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg.

After his release, the latter had a legal dispute with the crown landlord Dietz Wagenmann because of the living and subsistence costs raised by Wagenmann against Götz. For this reason, Götz von Berlichingen wrote a letter of complaint to the council of the imperial city of Heilbronn on November 17, 1522.

In 1878, Mark Twain is said to have stayed in the same room as Götz von Berlichingen and saw the hook on which Götz hung his iron fist.

Gumbel Bank from 1860

Bankhaus Gumbel, facade unfinished

At the beginning of the 19th century there was a redesign in the style of classicism . The Gumbel bank had been in the building since 1860.

The banking business of the Gumbel brothers existed from 1860 to 1879, and the shareholders were Abraham's sons Moses (later: Max) and Isaak Gumbel. When both sons married and had children of their own, the banking business was split up in 1880.

After the spin-off, Isaak Gumbel founded the Gumbel bank and exchange business on the market (1880–1906), which was owned by Isaak. From 1889 his son Abraham Gumbel became the owner and his wife Elise Gumbel, née Aaron, was appointed as authorized signatory.

On December 27, 1909, Abraham Gumbel founded the Heilbronner Bankverein , the forerunner of today's Volksbank Heilbronn , by converting the family's bank into a limited liability company. The private bank became Heilbronner Bankverein eGmbH.

Bank director Otto Igersheimer - attack on April 25, 1933

Stumbling block Otto Igersheimer

After the founder and chairman of the managing director Abraham Gumbel died in 1930, his closest colleague Otto Igersheimer became bank director, who then became the subject of anti-Semitic campaigns. Thekla Sänger-Mai describes the incidents at the bank building during the pogroms on April 25, 1933: “At around 11 am, the bank and his apartment were occupied by 30 Nazi men each. Around 300 people gathered on the street (in front of the bank association) and shouted: 'Jud Igersheimer out!' ... ". After this anti-Semitic action, he gave up his work as director and was now active as a community and foundation curator and then in the counseling center for welfare and support for the Israelite community in Heilbronn. On May 20, 1942 he was deported to Oberdorf, from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp , where he was murdered. He had to sell his house at Karlstrasse 43 below value (unit price = 36,000 RM; sales price = 26,000 RM). Heinrich Wurster then took over the business together with Max J. Hoffman. Today a stumbling stone in front of the former bank reminds of Otto Igersheimer. The ballroom of the new Heilbronner Volksbank building is reminiscent of Abraham Gumbel.

Destroyed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1951

In 1944 the original bank was destroyed. At the same location, a new bank building was built in 1951 based on a design by the architect Hermann Denzinger (* June 17, 1914, † July 14, 1985) from Gundelsheim. Today it houses a branch of the Volksbank Heilbronn .

description

Bankenhaus Gumbel, ( Heinrich Seufferheld "Deutsche Renaissance opus 113 1914".) Next to the Kiliansturm.
The current building on the site of the former Gumbel bank.

Location and surroundings

The building, which stood on Kaiserstraße across from the market square in Heilbronn, was flanked along the street by the Safe'sche Pharmacy (west side) and Kilian's Church (east side). The Windgasse, which leads to Kirchbrunnenstrasse, is still located between the Gumbel bank and Kilian's Church. The house at Kaiserstraße 34 - previously a semi-detached house - had house number 349/350 from 1847 to 1899.

Architecture and art

From 1906 to 1907 the new building - which was controversial at the time - was built for Abraham Gumbel according to designs by the architects Roeckle and Graf. Graf had also designed the main synagogue in Mainz - a baroque-style building with Art Nouveau paintings in the main dome. The bank building was presented in the magazine Der Profanbau when it was completed in 1907 .

Helmut Schmolz describes the building from 1907 as an eclectic building: "[...] the arcade sequence on the first floor [shows] unmistakable forms of the neo-renaissance, while the corrugated gable above the windows of the bel étage [...] can be assigned to the second baroque. [...] the towering over the roof gable is in this form a powerful blend of Renaissance - stepped gables and baroque wave gable represents ".

reception

Schmolz ascribes a cityscape-defining effect to the house: "The representative building, made entirely of ashlar, gives the image of Kaiserstraße, as it is to the right of Kilian's Church, an essential character."

The facade on Windgasse, which leads to Kirchbrunnenstrasse, was used as the cover picture for Heilbronn scenes , on the right the sequence of arcades on the ground floor of the Gumbel bank in the neo-Renaissance style can be seen.

Due to its exposed location on the tower of Kilian's Church in Heilbronn, the building has repeatedly been the subject of artistic works. B. by Heinrich Seufferheld Deutsche Renaissance opus 113 1914 or by Melchior Ruoff and other artists.

literature

  • The secular building. Journal of Commercial, Industrial and Transport Buildings, No. 19, October 1, 1907
  • Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 140.
  • Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Weißenhorn 1966 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 14). No. 10, p. 18.
  • Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. Volume 2. Photos from 1858–1944. Weißenhorn 1967 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 15). No. 10, p. 14.
  • Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945). Heilbronn 1963 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, issue 11), p. 216 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. Volume 2. Photos from 1858–1944. Weißenhorn 1967 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 15). No. 10 [Kaiserstraße with Safe Pharmacy, around 1940], p. 14.
  2. ↑ a b heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de
  3. ↑ A. Landerer (print): advertising brochure with images of work by August Stotz Söhne from the years 1905-1910 , 1910/1912, p. 11 “Shop window facade for new store building. J. Gumbel et al. Market, Heilbronn a. N. Architects Graf Et Röckle, Stuttgart. ”Also with Erwin Mehne: Blacksmithing at the turn of the century in Heilbronn. Heilbronn 1989.
  4. ^ A b Hans Franke (author) : History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) (= publications of the Heilbronn City Archives. Issue 11). Heilbronn 1963, p. 114.
  5. ^ A b Hans Franke (author) : History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) (= publications of the Heilbronn City Archives. Issue 11). Heilbronn 1963, p. 216.
  6. ↑ a b Erz .: Heilbronner Bankverein in the rebuilt house. In the shadow of Kilian's Church - worthy to stand in the middle. In: Heilbronn voice . No. 161 , July 14, 1951, p. 3 .
  7. ↑ On Heinrich Wurster's role and the development of the bank association in his time: Gerhard Schwinghammer (black): Heinrich Wurster: solid business in particularly unsound times. In: Standpunkt. 3rd edition November 2009. Volksbank Heilbronn, Heilbronn 2009, p. 3.
  8. ↑ Götz von Berlichingen / Wilhelm Friedrich von Pistorius: Description of life given to Mr. Goetzens von Berlichingen with an iron hand and explained with various comments. Nuremberg ²1775, p. 137.
  9. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 140
  10. ↑ Helmut Schmolz with Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city. No. 345, 1973, letter of complaint by Götz von Berlichingens to the council of the imperial city of Heilbronn regarding the costs of his imprisonment, November 17, 1522 .
  11. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn - as it was. Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, p. 22.
  12. ↑ Mark Twain: Stroll through Europe . (translated by Ulrich Steindorff Carrington) Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1986, p. 44.
  13. ↑ SWR 2 music lesson with Katharina Eickhoff: I think of Germany ... (5) ... I think of Mark Twain , broadcast on December 23, 2011, p. 10.
  14. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Weißenhorn 1966 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 14). No. 10 [Kilian's Church after the renovation from the market square, 1892], p. 18.
  15. ^ Hans Franke (author) : History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) (= publications of the Heilbronn City Archives. Issue 11). Heilbronn 1963, pp. 87, 88, 114, 137, 142, 216.
  16. ↑ voba-hn.de ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.voba-hn.de
  17. ↑ Stefan Fischbach: Synagogues Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland: “–and this is the gate of heaven” (published by the State Office for Monument Preservation of Rhineland-Palatinate with the State Conservatory Office of Saarland and the Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem). Von Zabern, Mainz 2005, p. 251.
  18. ↑ The secular building. Magazine for commercial, industrial and transport buildings. No. 19, October 1, 1907, pp. 289 ff.
  19. ↑ heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de
  20. ↑ heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de  
  21. ↑ heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 30.6 ″  N , 9 ° 13 ′ 7.6 ″  E