Gumbel (family)

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The Gumbel family comes from Abraham Gumbel (1791–1851), innkeeper Zum schwarzen Adler , and his wife Henriette, born in the Jewish community of Stein am Kocher , who lived in the 18th century . Stiefel (1797–1881). Abraham's sons Moses (later: Max) and Isaac were the founders of a banking family that had been in the banking business for several generations. Sun founded Abraham Gumbel (1852-1930), son of Isaac Heilbronner bankers Gumbel, in the years 1909-10 the Heilbronner Bank Corporation (the predecessor of today's Volksbank Heilbronn ). The German-Jewish mathematician and political journalist Emil Julius Gumbel (1891–1966) - son of the Munich banker Hermann Gumbel - was a grandson of the Heilbronn banker Isaak Gumbel. The youngest child of the Heilbronn banker Max Gumbel was Siegfried Gumbel (1874-1942), who became a lawyer in Heilbronn and in 1936 President of the Israelite Council in Stuttgart.

history

Innkeeper Zum schwarzen Adler and family in Stein a. K.

The family comes from Stein a. K. off, here the Jewish cemetery

The history of the Gumbel family in Stein am Kocher first went back to two sisters who first came to Stein aK. The older Sara Gumbel remained single (1760–25 March 1832, Stein), the younger Regina (Rahel) Gumbel (1768) married Nathan Abraham Sternheimer, but died on December 29, 1811 in Stein. Her nephew, the progenitor of the Heilbronn banking family Gumbel, Abraham Gumbel, son of businessman Gumbel and Regina (Rahel), also came to Stein aK and married Henriette Stiefel, daughter of Hirsch Löw Stiefel (1752-20 January 1824) and Hindel there in 1821 (1763-22 June 1834 in Stein). Abraham Gumbel was first a trader, from 1838 an eagle host. Abraham's wife Henriette gave birth to thirteen children between 1821 and 1839, of which only six reached adulthood. Abraham's eldest son was Isaak Gumbel, who married Güta Stern from Sontheim on June 4, 1851. Soon afterwards, on July 31, 1851, the father died. Half of his property goes to his widow and 1/12 to the 6 surviving children. At first, Abrahm's widow continued to run the Zum schwarzen Adler , then his son Hermann was the owner of the Adlerwirtschaft from 1866. In 1871 Hermann Gumbel sold the property to the community of Stein a. K. As part of the emancipation laws from 1860 onwards, all six children left the village to move to the cities. Moses / Max Gumbel and Isaak Gumbel were probably doing bills of exchange in Heilbronn as early as 1858, first of all, Moses applied individually for Heilbronn citizenship. Then Isaak Gumbel applied with his wife and 7 children in 1861 for citizenship. Rosa Gumbel married Samuel Oppenheimer from Walldürn and moved with him to live with her siblings in Heilbronn. Joseph Gumbel moved to Sinsheim after his marriage, while Hermann Gumbel moved with his wife to his siblings in Heilbronn after the sale of the property.

Family banking in Heilbronn (1860–1933)

From 1860 to 1879 the banking business of the Gumbel brothers existed at Kramstrasse 54, partners were Abraham's sons Moses (later: Max) and Isaak Gumbel. When both sons married and had children of their own, the banking business was split up in 1880.

The Gumbel-Kiefe banking and exchange business was created and existed from 1880 to 1917, the owner was Max (Moses) Gumbel. From 1899 the owner was Max and his son Wilhelm Gumbel, from 1905 Gottfried, another son of Max Gumbel, was added as the owner.

The Gumbel-Kiefe banking and exchange business was merged into the Bank for Trade and Industry (Darmstädter Bank) Heilbronn branch , Kaiserstraße 25 , in 1918 . The so-called office building at Barbarino-Eck at Kaiserstraße 25 was built in 1898 by the merchant Victor Alfred Schneider according to plans by the architects Ernst Walter and Karl Luckscheiter in the style of eclecticism . Form elements of the French Neo-Baroque (spire) alternate with those of the Italian Neo-Renaissance (portal). In 1918 the building was acquired by the bank for trade and industry Darmstadt, Heilbronn branch . The branch of the Gumbel-Kiefe bank enterprises - a branch of the well-known Heilbronn banker family Gumbel - had gone into the business. The company existed until 1933.

After the spin-off, Isaak Gumbel founded the Gumbel bank and exchange business on the market (1880–1906), which was owned by Isaak. From 1889 his son Abraham Gumbel became the owner and his wife Elise Gumbel, née Aaron, was appointed as authorized signatory.

The Gumbel am Markt bank and exchange business was merged into Stahl und Federer AG , Heilbronn branch, formerly I. Gumbel am Markt , in 1908 . However, this only lasted until 1914.

Abraham Gumbel (1852–1930), son of the Heilbronn banker Isaak Gumbel, founded the Heilbronner Bankverein in 1909/10 - the forerunner of today's Volksbank Heilbronn . The managing director was Abraham Gumbel, authorized officer Otto Igersheimer, Dr. jur. Julius Mattil, Marktplatz 2, from 1917 Kaiserstraße 34.

 
 
 1860–1879
Banking business Gebrüder Gumbel
Kramstrasse 54
Partner:
Isaak Gumbel
Max (Moses) Gumbel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1880–1917 GUMBEL-KIEFE
banking and exchange business from 1880 Owner: Max (Moses) Gumbel from 1899: Owner Moses and Wilhelm Gumbel from 1905 Owner: Moses, Wilhelm and Gottfried Gumbel
 
 
 
 Bank and exchange business
Gumbel am Markt
Owner:
Isaak Gumbel
from 1889:
Owner:
Abraham Gumbel
Authorized signatory:
Elise Gumbel, b. Aron
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1918–1933
Bank for
Trade and Industry
Darmstädter Bank
Heilbronn branch
(Frankfurter Bankhaus Rothschild ) on the
corner of Kaiserstraße 25
House Kaiserstraße 25 - Victor Alfred Schneider - 1898 - Walter Luckscheiter (Heilbronn) .jpg
 
 1908–1914
Stahl and Federer AG
branch HN
vorm. I. Gumbel am Markt
Branch manager:
Abraham Gumbel
Authorized signatory:
Otto Igersheimer
 
 from 1909
Heilbronner Bankverein mbH
(today: Volksbank Heilbronn )
Managing Director:
Abraham Gumbel
Authorized signatory:
Otto Igersheimer
Dr. Julius Mattil
from 1909: Marktplatz 2
from 1917: Kaiserstraße 34.

Family academics

Attorney Dr. Siegmund Gumbel (1867–1942) was born in Heilbronn as the son of the Heilbronn banker Isaak Gumbels. He was admitted to the Heilbronn Regional Court in 1898 and moved to Stuttgart in 1913. There he was admitted to the bar in 1914, and in 1926 he was appointed public notary. The license was withdrawn on November 30, 1938, Siegmund Gumbel emigrated in June 1939 and died on December 22, 1942 in London.

Dr. Walter Gumbel - son of the lawyer Siegmund Gumbel and grandson of the Heilbronn banker Isaak Gumbel - was born in Heilbronn in 1903. In 1929 he was admitted to the Stuttgart bar and worked together with his father in the law firm. The license was withdrawn on September 1, 1933, and in August 1933 he emigrated to England. In May 1935 he was able to work as a lawyer again as Barrister at Law in London. His son Nicky Gumbel (* 1955) is primarily associated with the alpha courses .

Siegfried Gumbel (1874–1942), the youngest child of the Heilbronn banker Max Gumbel, became a lawyer in Heilbronn and, during the persecution, became president of the Israelite Council in Stuttgart in 1936 .

Dr. Erich Gumbel - Siegfried Gumbel's son - became a psychoanalyst in Israel. Another son of Siegfried Gumbel was Otto Gumbel (Abrahm Guivol) and graduate engineer. He prepared an expert opinion on Heilbronn's position in the Reichsbahnnetz :

“The following is to investigate the cheapest international connection routes Heilbronn is located, for which routes D-train traffic is possible, and an attempt is also made to develop a supplementary express train system with the center Heilbronn ... Certain Stuttgart districts were short-sighted enough to thwart a stop of this train in Heilbronn, which the Reichsbahn headquarters in Berlin was not averse to ... A train stop in Heilbronn (110,000 inhabitants) made it easy to double the intermediate traffic for the southern section ... Nobody will believe that in the first place the wealthy manufacturers and wholesale merchants who want to go to Berlin or Leipzig with the least possible loss of time, 50 km. Drive south to drive the same route backwards again with the FD train, the Reichsbahn does not only get the special surcharge, it will tempt some vehicle owners to reach their destination in their own car. There is no longer any case in the whole empire that a city is driven through, whose traffic population is over 100,000 (the proof that Groß-Heilbronn has 113,000 inhabitants will be provided with information on the traffic relations soon) ... The demand is therefore made, which is already over FD trains 11 and 12 operating Heilbronn with a stop and run all year round. Only then can we speak of sufficient traffic conditions on the large north-south route; only then should the occupancy and economy of the train justify its permanent retention, which is very questionable today. "

Another academic in the family was the German-Jewish mathematician and political journalist Emil Julius Gumbel (1891–1966) - son of the Munich banker Hermann Gumbel - he was a grandson of the Heilbronn banker Isaak Gumbel.

emigration

  • Emigrated to Palestine:
    • Otto Gumbel (Abrahm Guivol) (* 1905) with his wife Adele and 3 sons via France.
    • Dr. Erich Gumbel, psychoanalyst (* 1908) on Switzerland and Italy.
    • Siegmund Gumbel, manufacturer HN and Sinsheim (1873–1953) and his wife Mina born. Pappenheimer with their son Heinz David (1906–1992), silversmith to Jerusalem.
    • Eugen and Hedwig Adler (* 1892, Düsseldorf-1965)

deportation

  • Riga concentration camp:
    • Anna Gumbel (1890-1941)
  • Theresienstadt concentration camp:
    • Clothilde Schlesinger, b. Gumbel (1862-1942)
    • Dora Löwenberg, b. Gumbel (1862-1942)
    • Emma Gumbel, b. Hirsch (1862–1942)
    • Gottfried Gumbel and his wife Selma, b. Frank (1862-1942)
  • Dachau Concentration Camp:
    • Siegfried Gumbel (1874–1942)

family tree

Abraham Gumbel (* July 7, 1791 in Stein am Kocher ; † July 31, 1851 in Stein am Kocher) ∞ (February 6, 1821) Henriette Stiefel (* March 1797 in Stein; † February 17, 1881 in Heilbronn) Children were born, of which only 6 reached adulthood: So Isaak, Hermann, Joseph, Rosa, Max and Hannchen.

  1. Kaufmann Gumbel (born December 23, 1821 in Stein a. K .; † March 10, 1836 in Stein a. K.)
  2. Löw Abraham Gumbel (born November 19, 1822 in Stein a. K .; † November 30, 1822 in Stein a. K.)
  3. Isaak Gumbel (* December 15, 1823 in Stein a. K .; † January 15, 1891 in Heilbronn ) ∞ Güta, née Stern (* January 15, 1829, † September 16, 1897 in Heilbronn) They had eleven children.
    1. Gustav Gumbel , (* 1851 in Heilbronn; †?)
    2. Abraham Gumbel , banker, war researcher and pacifist (* October 21, 1852 in Stein am Kocher; † December 25, 1930 in Heilbronn) ∞ Elise, née Aron (* December 26, 1868 in Freudental ; † 1938 in Heilbronn)
      1. Anna Gumbel , (born January 3, 1890 in Heilbronn; † December 1, 1941 Riga concentration camp)
      2. Hans Gumbel , bank clerk (* 1891 in Heilbronn)
      3. Max Gumbel , soldier (* July 2, 1893 in Heilbronn, † August 24, 1914 in the Battle of Sedan )
    3. Lazarus Louis Gumbel (* 1854)
    4. Julie Gumbel (* 1855)
    5. Hermann Gumbel (* 1857; † 1916 in Munich) ∞ (1889) Flora, née Gumbel (* 1869 Bruchsal; † 1916 in Munich)
      1. Emil Julius Gumbel (* 1891 in Munich, † 1966 in New York) ∞ Marie Louise, née Czettritz (* 1891 in Czettritz; † 1952 in New York City )
        1. Harold Gumbel (* 1921)
      2. Paul Robert Gumbel (* 1894; † 1915 fallen)
      3. Helene Gumbel (* 1902; † after 1992 in Israel)
    6. Max Gumbel (* 1858)
    7. Carl. Gumbel (* 1860 in Stein am Kocher)
    8. Leopold Gumbel (* 1863 in Heilbronn)
    9. Clothilde Gumbel-Schlesinger (* 1864 in Heilbronn, † 1942 in Theresienstadt concentration camp )
    10. Siegmund Gumbel Dr .; Lawyer, (born September 8, 1867 in Heilbronn, † December 22, 1942 in Heilbronn), 1939 emigrated to England.
    11. Dora Gumbel-Löwenberg (* 1873 in Heilbronn, † 1942 in Theresienstadt concentration camp)
  4. Regina Gumbel (born February 20, 1825 in Stein am Kocher; † January 26, 1836)
  5. Hirsch Abraham Gumbel (later: Hermann) (born November 20, 1826 in Stein am Kocher, † 1906 in Heilbronn) ∞ Hannchen, b. Wertheimer (* 1824 in Rohrbach, † 1898 in Heilbronn)
  6. Maier Gumbel (later: Joseph Mayer Gumbel) (born March 17, 1827 in Stein a. K .; † 1915 in Sinsheim ) ∞ Marie, née Steinhardt. They had twelve children together.
    1. Ferdinand Gumbel , 3rd child
    2. Regina Gumbel-Loewenstein , 5th child
    3. Sigmund Gumbel , 9th child. The merchant Sigmund (Siegmund) Gumbel had two sons (Bruno October 30, 1905 - May 1, 1939) and Heinz (October 10, 1906 -). Heinz worked for the Bruckmann company from June 4, 1923 to December 24, 1924.
    4. Anna Gumbel-Brauer 12th child (?)
  7. stillborn boy († February 8, 1830)
  8. Rosa Gumbel (born January 23, 1831 in Stein am Kocher) ∞ Samuel Oppenheimer from Walldürn, later residing in Heilbronn
  9. Karl Gumbel (born June 27, 1833 in Stein am Kocher; † August 13, 1833 in Stein am Kocher)
  10. Moses Gumbel (born December 11, 1834 in Stein am Kocher, † December 12, 1834 in Stein am Kocher)
  11. Moses (Max) Gumbel (* December 5, 1836 in Stein am Kocher; † October 11, 1923 in Heilbronn) ∞ Lina Kiefe (* March 16, 1841 in Baisingen; † November 9, 1922 in Heilbronn). He had seven children.
    1. Rosa Gumbel-Freundlich , (* 1866 in Heilbronn, † 1905 in Heilbronn)
      1. Else Freundlich-Levison ; (* 1888 in Heilbronn; † 1947 in England)
      2. Hedwig Freundlich ; (* 1892 in Heilbronn; † 1965 in Israel) ∞ Eugen Adler
        1. Hilde Adler ; (* 1921 in Israel)
        2. Elfriede Adler ; (* 1922 in Israel)
        3. Margot Adler ; (* 1924 in Israel)
    2. Adolph Max Gumbel , (born October 31, 1868 in Heilbronn, † January 27, 1934 in Heilbronn)
    3. Wilhelm Gumbel , banker, (born October 31, 1868 in Heilbronn; † January 27, 1934 in Heilbronn) ∞ Emma, ​​née Hirsch (born July 6, 1874 in Ulm, † June 22, 1942 in Theresienstadt concentration camp)
      1. Stefan Gumbel ; (* 1898 in Heilbronn; † 1902 in Heilbronn)
    4. Hugo Gumbel , (born June 2, 1870 in Heilbronn, † November 17, 1885 in Heilbronn)
    5. Stefanie Gumbel-Moos , (* 1871 in Heilbronn, † 1898 in Ulm )
      1. Irene Moss ; (* 1894 in Heilbronn; † 1918 in Heilbronn)
      2. Stefanie Moos ; (* 1898 in Heilbronn; †?)
    6. Gottfried Gumbel , banker, (* March 12, 1873 in Heilbronn; † May 23, 1943 in Theresienstadt concentration camp) ∞ Selma, née Frank (* March 21, 1882 in Horb, † June 14, 1944 in Theresienstadt concentration camp)
    7. Siegfried Gumbel , lawyer, (* September 22, 1874 in Heilbronn; † January 27, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp ) ∞ Ida, née Rosenthal (* February 27, 1883 in Heilbronn, † October 4, 1936 in Heilbronn)
      1. Otto Gumbel (= Abraham Guivol) ; Graduate engineer (born November 25, 1905 in Heilbronn; † in Israel) ∞ Adele
        1. Gabriele Guivol ; (* 1929 in Dresden)
        2. Micha Jonathan Guivol ; (* 1930 in Heilbronn)
        3. Daniel Guivol ; (* 1936 in France)
      2. Erich Gumbel ; Dr. med. Psychoanalyst (born August 7, 1908 in Heilbronn; † 1994 in Jerusalem ) ∞ (1938) Lidia, née German (* 1912 in Frankfurt am Main; †?)
  12. Lazarus Gumbel (born April 17, 1838 in Stein am Kocher, † May 20, 1838 in Stein am Kocher)
  13. Hindel (Hannchen) Gumbel (born October 17, 1839 in Stein am Kocher; †?) ∞ Philipp Höchheimer von Mergentheim

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑

    “Marriage contract between Isaak Gumbel and Güta Stern dated June 4, 1851, signed in front of the District Notary Franz Sales Bihl von Billigheim, in the presence of Stein's advisor Franz Jakob Mall and the Israelite teacher Moses Khan von Stein. Isaak Gumbel, 26 years old as a single trader with his parents Abraham Gumbel, citizen and tradesman in Stein and his wife Henriette geb. Boots. Güta Stern, single, 21 years old from Sontheim with her father Judas Lazarus Stern, citizen and merchant of Sontheim. The bride and groom declare that they want to get married soon and therefore want to conclude the following marriage contract ... The groom's parents prescribe their two-story house in Grabengaasse ... around 1970 fl ... He also receives ... as a one-time fortune ... 4527  fl. ... The bride's father prescribes this ... 5016 fl. "

    - Entry in the land register of the municipality of Stein, vol. 16, 1869–1877, p. 615, no. 146 of May 24, 1876
  2. ↑

    “Community division of September 17, 1851 on the death of Abraham Gumbel, citizen and trader here. The properties that he and his wife Henriette geb. Boots owned go 1/2 to his widow. 1/12 each to his children Isak Gumbel, Hirsch Abraham Gumbel [later: Hermann Gumbel], Maier Gumbel [later: Joseph Mayer Gumbel], Rosa, geb. Gumbel, wife of Samuel Oppenheimer from Walldürn, Moses Gumbel, Hanche Gumbel ... This house has the real shield justice 'To the black eagle' ... 4290 fl. ... "

    - Land register of the municipality of Stein, Volume 9, 1850–1854: No. 217, p. 540.
  3. ↑

    "Hermann Gumbel - on the basis of the existing contract between his mother Jette and the siblings on October 2, 1866 - buys the property in Grabengasse zu Stein from Abraham Gumbel's Witiwe and Joseph Maier Gumbel on behalf of his other four siblings [ at the stove] ... "

    - Entry in the land register of the municipality of Stein, Volume 9, p. 262, No. 99 of May 19, 1851
  4. ↑ Doc. 6.
  5. ↑ Doc. 8.
  6. ↑ Helmut Schmolz / Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - The old city in words and pictures (2nd volume), Konrad-Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, no. 14 [Kiliansplatz between 1931 and 1934]
  7. ↑ Hans Franke : History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945). Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1963, ISBN 3-928990-04-7 ( stadtarchiv.heilbronn.de PDF; 1.2 MB), in the book p. 200 [Abraham and Dr. Siegfried Gumbel].
  8. ^ Walter Mosthaf: The Württemberg Chambers of Industry and Commerce Stuttgart Heilbronn Reutlingen Ulm 1855–1955. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the Heilbronn Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Volume II. The Chambers of Commerce 1900–1955, Stuttgart 1962.
  9. ↑ Dipl.Ing. Otto Gumbel: Heilbronn's position in the Reichsbahnnetz. Tasks of long-distance passenger transport. In: Neckar newspaper . No. 145 , June 25, 1930, p. 8 .
  10. ^ City of Heilbronn (ed.): Jewish cemetery in Heilbronn. Alphabetical list of graves. Heilbronn 1986, p. 4.
  11. ^ Franke: History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. ... p. 327.
  12. ^ A b c Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. ... p. 200.
  13. ↑ Brenner (2001), pp. 13, 14
  14. ^ Entry on Sigmund Gumbel in the HEUSS database
  15. ^ Franke: History and fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. ... p. 301.