Beard grass

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Beard grass
Beard grass

Beard grass

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Panicoideae
Genre : Bothriochloa
Type : Beard grass
Scientific name
Bothriochloa ischaemum
( L. ) Keng

The bearded grass ( Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng ) is a species of the sweet grass family (Poaceae). There are also the terms common or common beard grass . The designation chicken foot is also used for Switzerland . The names Andropogon ischaemum L. or Dichanthium ischaemum (L.) Roberty are synonymous with the scientific name .

features

The perennial plant reaches heights between 15 and 60 centimeters. She is a hemicryptophyte . The stems are ascending. The leaves of the bearded grass are gray-green, the ligules are formed as hairs. The ears are colored light purple. The 3-15 ears are almost finger-shaped, each 3–7 cm long. The spikelets are 3.5-4.5 mm long, narrowly elliptical, but pointed. The awn is 10–15 mm long. The flowering period is July to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence

The bearded grass occurs in the temperate zones of Eurasia and in northwest Africa. In America it is a neophyte. It grows on warm, but not too dry, lean, alkaline, mostly calcareous, neutral to mild, humus-rich, loose, shallow stone soils or deep sand or loess soils. It thrives in societies of the Festuco-Brometea class, often in the Xerobrometum.

In Germany it is only sporadically represented in the south. The northern border of the distribution in Germany runs from the Bonn area to Saxony-Anhalt with the areas around Halberstadt , Staßfurt and Halle (Saale) . In Saxony it occurs in the area of Dresden , Meißen and Bautzen . It is absent in mountainous areas of the region.

In Austria the bearded grass occurs scattered in the Pannonian area , otherwise only rarely in the colline to submontane altitude range . The occurrences extend to all federal states except Salzburg, in Vorarlberg it is extinct. Bearded grass is considered endangered in the western Alpine region of Austria and in the northern Alpine foothills.

use

The roots (known as Italian rice roots ) are used to make bristles for brushes.

photos

  • Habitus

  • Stem with leaves: the ligule is replaced by a fringe of hair.

  • At the top of the stem, 5 to 9 ears are usually arranged in bunches.

  • Several purple-brown spikelets sit on the stiff spike axis.

  • Individual spikelets: the upper lemma of the hermaphrodite flowers has an 8 to 16 mm long, indistinctly kneeling awn.

swell

literature

  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 , pp. 599 .
  • WD Clayton: Dichanthium Willemet . In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea. Volume 5, page 266. Cambridge University Press, 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 27, online.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 267.
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Bothriochloa ischaemum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 963 .
  5. ↑ The Big Brockhaus. Volume 1, 1952, p. 636.

Web links

Commons : Bearded Grass  - Collection of images, videos and audio files