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Mahfuz Anam. Porträt eines Bengalischen älteren Mannes.
Mahfuz Anam, 2023.

Mahfuz Anam (bengalisch মাহফুজ আনাম; geb. 18. Juni 1950, East Bengal, Dominion of Pakistan) ist ein Journalist in Bangladesch. Er ist Redakteur und Herausgeber des The Daily Star, einer der auflagenstärksten englischsprachigen Zeitungen Bangladeschs. Nachdem er 14 Jahre lang bei den Vereinten Nationen gearbeitet hatte, gründete Anam 1991 zusammen mit seinem Mentor Syed Mohammad Ali die Zeitung in der Zeit des demokratischen Übergangs in Bangladesch. Seine Kritik an den beiden größten politischen Parteien des Landes und dem Militär hat oft dazu geführt, dass er verklagt wurde; Anam weist die Vorwürfe und Klagen als Angriffe auf die Pressefreiheit zurück. Er wurde 2022 und 2023 für eine zweite Amtszeit zum Vorsitzenden des Asia News Network gewählt.[1]

Leben[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Jugend und Ausbildung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anam wurde am 18. Juni 1950 im damaligen East Bengal, einer Provinz der Dominion of Pakistan, geboren. Anam ist der jüngste Sohn von Abul Mansur Ahmed, eine bengalischen Anwalt, Schriftsteller und Politiker. Sein Vater arbeitete und kämpfte lebenslang für Muslime in der Bengal Subah (Presidency). Die Situation der bengalischen Muslime war zu der Zeit sehr schlecht.[2][3] Sein Vater war ein bekannter Zeitungsherausgeber und politischer Satiriker in British India.[4][5] Während der 1950er war sein Vater Vicepräsident der Awami-Liga zwischen 1953 und 1958, Minister of Education der Provinz im Kabinett der United Front 1954 und Minister of Commerce and Industries im Kabinett von Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, dem fünften Premierminister von Pakistan (1956–1957).[6][4][7]

Anams älteste Tochter Tahmima Anam ist eine Englischsprachige bengalische Schriftstellerin. Sie wurde mit dem Commonwealth Writers’ Prize ausgezeichnet.[8][9][10] Anams älterer Bruder Mahbub Anam war Herausgeber der The Bangladesh Times und ein Abgeordneter für die Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).

Bildung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anam studierte am Notre Dame College in Dhaka.[11] Er erwarb Abschlüsse in Wirtschaftswissenschaft an der University of Dhaka. Er gewann drei Jahre in Folge die All Pakistan Debating Championship (1967, 1968, 1969). Der Wettbewerb wurde in Karatschi, Dhaka und Lahore durchgeführt.[12]

Bangladesch-Krieg 1971[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

1971 kämpfte Anam für die Unabhängigkeit von East Pakistan. Er schloss sich der Mukti Bahini in den letzten Monaten des Bangladesch-Krieges an und am Ende war er Officer-in-Training.[13]

Karriere[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anam begann seine Karriere im März 1972. Er arbeitete als Staff Correspondent des The Bangladesh Observer, der damals wichtigsten englischsprachigen Tageszeitung des Landes. Später war er stellvertretender Herausgeber der Bangladesh Times. 1976 wurde ihm vom East-West Center der Thomas Jefferson Fellowship in Journalism verliehen.[12]

Zwischen 1977 und 1990 arbeitete Anam für die UNESCO als Medienoffizier und Sprecher. Er wurde in Paris, New York City und Bangkok eingesetzt.[12] In seiner letzten Stellung in Bangkok diente Anam als Regional Media and Public Affairs Representative der UNESCO. In Bangkok plante Anam auch, eine Zeitung in Bangladesch zusammen mit Syed Mohammad Ali zu gründen, dem ehemaligen Herausgeber der The Bangkok Post. Sie sicherten die Finanzierung durch die Investoren Azimur Rahman, A. S. Mahmud, Latifur Rahman, A. Rouf Chowdhury und Shamsur Rahman.[14] Anam sagte selbst: „Die Arbeit an der Zeitung hat eine Weile gedauert. Sie begann in den 80er Jahren mit dem hektischen Briefwechsel zwischen SM Ali, der in Kuala Lumpur lebte, und mir, der in Bangkok lebte, die wir beide für die UNESCO arbeiteten. Der Plan war, dass er 1988 in den Ruhestand gehen würde und ich 1990 zurücktreten würde und wir beide nach Bangladesch zurückkehren und unsere Zeitung herausbringen würden. Die zweijährige Vorabpräsenz von Ali Bhai gepaart mit meinen häufigen Besuchen aus Bangkok einmal im Monat gab uns die Möglichkeit, Investitionen abzuschließen (mit Mahmud Bhai [AS Mahmud], unserem Gründungsgeschäftsführer, der als Katalysator fungierte), unsere Pläne für die Zeitung fertigzustellen, wichtige Personaleinstellungen abzuschließen, die Räumlichkeiten zu mieten und, was am wichtigsten ist, die ‚Declaration‘ einzuholen – die offizielle Erlaubnis, eine Zeitung zu gründen.“[15]

The Daily Star wurde during Bangladesh's transition to parliamentary democracy in 1991. The period coincided with economic liberalization reforms. The newspaper quickly gained popularity in the capital Dhaka and the port city of Chittagong. It became the largest circulating English-language daily in the country, out-beating rivals like The Bangladesh Observer and Holiday. Its editorial views became highly influential. It emerged as a symbol of Bangladesh's outspoken, diverse and privately owned press which flourished between 1990 and the late 2000s.[16] According to the BBC, "The Daily Star is the most popular English-language newspaper in Bangladesh. It was launched as Bangladesh returned to parliamentary democracy a quarter of a century ago, and has always had a reputation for journalistic integrity and liberal and progressive views – a kind of Bangladeshi New York Times".[17] After S. M. Ali's death in 1993, Anam began leading the journalistic operations of the newspaper. The newspaper's parent company Mediaworld Ltd appointed Anam as publisher in 1998. Anam worked closely with Syed Fahim Munaim, who was the newspaper's Managing Editor and responsible for revenue matters.

Anam is the founding president of the Newspapers Owners Association of Bangladesh (NOAB).[12] He also served as Secretary-General of the Editors Council of Bangladesh. Anam was elected chairman of the Asia News Network (ANN) in Seoul in 2007.[18] Anam is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Bangladeshi chapter of Transparency International (TIB).[19]

Anam worked with the Ford Foundation and Professor Rehman Sobhan to establish the Bangladesh Freedom Foundation.[20]

Views[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anam has been described as a libertarian.[21] His influential editorials cover sensitive issues of Bangladesh's turbulent politics and democracy. Anam became a fierce critic of both Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia on issues like parliament boycotts, corruption and human rights abuses. Anam's economic views are pro-free market. In foreign policy, Anam supports improving relations with India.[22] In 2010, Anam delivered a keynote speech on "Why China should be interested in Bangladesh?", which discussed Bangladesh's economic growth and trade relations with Beijing.[23]

During the 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis, Anam openly criticized the army chief despite restrictions on press freedom under a state of emergency. In response to General Moeen U Ahmed's suggestions for a Bangladeshi brand of democracy, Anam wrote "On the questions of the Chief of Army Staff's idea of 'having our own brand of democracy' we want to point out that our first brush with a General in politics was with Ayub Khan back in 1958 and he wanted to 'reinvent democracy according to the genius of the people' and we ended up having 'basic democracy' that was thoroughly rejected by our people, though it took a while. Much later in Pakistan came General Zia-ul-Huq who also wanted to redefine democracy. His was quite a clever ploy and very original. In order to deprive the Pakistanis of exercising their right to elect a government Zia said 'I cannot accept democracy where sovereignty belongs to the people. In my book sovereignty only belongs to Allah'. So Zia-ul-Huq ran Pakistan under his personal fiat, as accepting the sovereignty of the people was against his belief. Ask any Pakistani for the great and irreparable damage he had caused to their country".[24] Indian columnist Kuldip Nayar referred to Anam's piece in Outlook regarding Ayub Khan's views on the "genius of the people". Anam's article was written amid fears of a direct military takeover in Bangladesh; the army chief later ruled out any possibility of grabbing power.[25]

One of Anam's most influential articles was "This is no way to strengthen democracy",[26] which he wrote in response to Sheikh Hasina's detention by the military-backed caretaker government in 2007.[27] In the article, he stated "We trust the chief of staff when he says that the Army is not involved in politics or forming any new party. But what do we do when we receive reports from our correspondents that district administrators are making lists of so-called clean politicians and that many of them are being visited by the powers that be goading them to join the new so-called king's party? What do we do when senior leaders of both the BNP and the AL tell us of powerful visitors asking them to move against their party leaders or face corruption charges? We would like to strongly suggest that this is no way to strengthen democracy. Just as 'command economy' failed so will 'command politics'. The core of democracy is people's right to choose their leaders and those who will represent them in the government".[28]

Anam protested the closure of a pro-opposition newspaper in 2010 by referring to Voltaire.[29] In 2021, Anam took a neutral stand over the controversy surrounding the Al Jazeera documentary All the Prime Minister's Men. Censorship in Bangladesh meant there was little coverage of the scandalous accusations in the documentary. Anam called it "not a top-class work of investigative journalism".[30] Anam also wrote a column openly addressed to the army chief General Aziz Ahmed. Anam blasted General Ahmed who suggested that criticizing the army chief was tantamount to criticizing the Prime Minister.[31]

Anam is traditionally seen as a defender of the values of secular democracy which inspired Bangladesh's independence movement.[32][33] There has been speculation about Anam's political ambitions. Anam was involved in creating a citizens' platform with Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.[34] Yunus tried to form a political party called Nagorik Shakti (Citizen Power).

Despite earlier libertarian views, Anam appeared to cautiously welcome the Fall of Kabul in 2021 and the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. He described the situation as a defeat for the United States.[35] In spite of Hasina accusing Anam of colluding with the World Bank to stop the Padma Bridge project, Anam called the completion of the bridge's construction Sheikh Hasina's "finest hour".[36] At the same time, his newspaper has faced pressure from the Bangladesh government and intelligence agencies. Anam's newspaper suffered a short lived drop in revenue due to the Hasina administration withholding adverts from government departments.[37] The government then lifted the ban and resumed adverts in The Daily Star and its sister publication Prothom Alo. Anam's newspaper now has to work within the confines of censorship due to the widely criticized Digital Security Act, which many Bangladeshi journalists want repealed.[38][39][40][41]

Lawsuits[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anam wurde vom Vorsitzenden der Awami-Liga und Premierministerin von Bangladesch, Sheikh Hasina, beschuldigt, versucht zu haben, Gelder für ihr charakteristisches Padma- Brückenprojekt zu blockieren , eine Behauptung, die Anam widerlegt hat. 

Sheikh Hasina of attempting to block funds for her signature Padma Bridge project, a claim which Anam has refuted.[42][43][44][45]

Hasina-Regierung hat die Regierungsanzeigen im Daily Star kurzzeitig eingestellt. 

The Hasina government briefly suspended government advertisements in The Daily Star,[37] eine wichtige Einnahmequelle für Anams Zeitung darstellen.

During the government of Khaleda Zia in the 2000s, Anam faced defamation lawsuits from ruling BNP leaders. He was co-accused with Matiur Rahman, editor of the Bengali newspaper Prothom Alo. Anam's lawyer was Kamal Hossain. Anam was also found to be in contempt of court for reporting that a recently appointed judge had falsified his academic credentials; the court action had been filed by the judge's father.[46] Under the Awami League government of Sheikh Hasina since 2009, Anam has faced 83 lawsuits, including 30 counts of criminal defamation.[47][48]

The lawsuits against Anam were criticized by PEN America.[49]

Criticism[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Sheikh Hasina's son Sajeeb Wazed calls Anam "completely unethical" and "a liar".[50] David Bergman, a former employee of The Daily Star, is also critical of Anam for his views on the Padma Bridge graft scandal.[51] In 2016, speaking at a panel discussion on ATN News, Anam conceded that reports published in The Daily Star in 2007 alleging corruption by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina were based on uncorroborated leaks fed by the military's Directorate General of Forces Intelligence. "It was a big mistake," he said during the interview and stated that "It was a bad editorial judgement, I admit it without any doubt".[52] Despite his admission, he has been facing concerted attacks from the government and Awami League supporters. As of 18 February 2016, 79 cases have been filed against him including 17 sedition and 62 defamation cases.[53]

Auszeichnungen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Einzelnachweise[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  1. ↑ Mahfuz Anam elected Asia News Network’s next chairman. In: The Daily Star. 27. Dezember 2021, abgerufen am 27. Dezember 2021 (englisch).
  2. ↑ Man with the mirror. In: The Statesman. 27. Mai 2017; (englisch).
  3. ↑ Discussion on Abul Mansur Ahmad held at JU. In: New Age. (englisch).
  4. ↑ a b Abul Mansur Ahmad’s 118th Birth Anniversary. In: Dhaka Tribune. 2. September 2016; (englisch).
  5. ↑ Abul Mansur Ahmad’s 122nd birth anniversary today. In: The Business Standard. 3. September 2020; (englisch).
  6. ↑ Ahmed, Abul Mansur. In: Banglapedia. (englisch).
  7. ↑ Pakistan Affairs. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 15. Mai 1953. google books
  8. ↑ New fiction star taps Bangladeshi roots. In: The Guardian. 26. November 2006; (englisch).
  9. ↑ Tahmima Anam: Opinion | My Father, the Editor, Under Fire. via NYTimes.com, 3. März 2016; (englisch).
  10. ↑ David Bergman: Tahmima Anam: 'My father has stood for a free press all his life'. In: The Daily Telegraph. 13. April 2016; (englisch).
  11. ↑ NotreDamian freedom fighters honoured. In: New Age.
  12. ↑ a b c d Mahfuz Anam | WAN-IFRA Events. In: events.wan-ifra.org. (englisch).
  13. ↑ Nikita Lalwani: A Daughter of Bangladeshi Revolutionaries Makes Sense of Life After War. In: The New Yorker. (englisch).
  14. ↑ Column by Mahfuz Anam: Snapshots from the past, thoughts for the future. In: The Daily Star. 12. Februar 2021; (englisch).
  15. ↑ „The paper was a while in the making. It started in the 80s, with the frantic exchange of letters between S. M. Ali, based in Kuala Lumpur, and myself, based in Bangkok, both working for UNESCO. The plan was that he would retire, in 1988, and I would resign, in 1990, and both of us would return to Bangladesh and launch our paper. The two-year advance presence of Ali Bhai coupled with my frequent visits from Bangkok, sometimes once every month, gave us the chance to finalise investments (with Mahmud Bhai, our founding managing director, acting as the catalyst), finalise our plans for the paper, wrap up major recruitments, rent the premises, and most importantly, get the 'declaration'—the official permission to start a newspaper“. Column by Mahfuz Anam: Snapshots from the past, thoughts for the future. In: The Daily Star. 12. Februar 2021; (englisch).
  16. ↑ Bangladesh profile - Media In: BBC News, August 27, 2019 
  17. ↑ 'Attempt to crush independent media' in Bangladesh In: BBC News, February 18, 2016 
  18. ↑ BANGLADESH: Mahfuz Anam elected ANN chairman: Daily Star editor chosen as chairman of Asia News Network. 17. April 2007;.
  19. ↑ Board of Trustees. Transparency International Bangladesh, abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2015.
  20. ↑ About Organization. In: The Bangladesh Freedom Foundation emerged out of informal consultations between a group of eminent citizens and the Ford Foundation in the second half of the nineties following Ford Foundation’s decision to close its Bangladesh operations. During these consultations, the Ford Foundation expressed their interest in providing financial and technical support for the establishment of a national philanthropic foundation and formally requested Mr. Mahfuz Anam, Editor, The Daily Star, to serve as the Chairperson of an Advisory Committee to oversee the process. ?The Foundation was then formally registered as a trust in September 1997 with Mr. Mahfuz Anam and Prof. Rehman Sobhan, Chairperson, Center for Policy Dialogue, as the founding Chairperson and Treasurer respectively.
  21. ↑ Mahfuz Anam. In: culturebase.net. Archiviert vom Original am 3. Februar 2007; abgerufen am 12. Januar 2022.
  22. ↑ 'India has an edge over China in Bangladesh, thanks to its help in defeating Pakistan in 1971 war'. via www.youtube.com;
  23. ↑ The Editor of The Daily Star, Bangladesh Mr. Mahfuz Anam Delivered a Speech. In: www.iprcc.org.
  24. ↑ Gen Moeen goes public on politics In: The Daily Star, February 11, 2016 
  25. ↑ Vorlage:Cite magazine
  26. ↑ How can national interest be served best? In: bdnews24.com 
  27. ↑ Police arrest Bangladeshi ex-PM In: BBC News, July 16, 2007 
  28. ↑ This is no way to strengthen democracy In: The Daily Star, February 8, 2016 
  29. ↑ Closure of Amar Desh is a threat to free press In: The Daily Star, June 3, 2010 
  30. ↑ Column by Mahfuz Anam: Al Jazeera story, government's response and the state of our journalism In: The Daily Star, February 5, 2021 
  31. ↑ Column by Mahfuz Anam: Some comments require clarification In: The Daily Star, February 19, 2021 
  32. ↑ [Mahfuz Anam] The challenge before Bangladesh In: The Korea Herald, August 15, 2016 
  33. ↑ The challenge before Bangladesh In: The Jakarta Post 
  34. ↑ Centre for Policy Dialogue Bangladesh: Clips from the Press. 29. September 2007, archiviert vom Original am 29. September 2007;.
  35. ↑ Column by Mahfuz Anam: Taliban takeover of Afghanistan - its meaning and implications In: The Daily Star, 20 August 2021 
  36. ↑ Commentary by Mahfuz Anam: Sheikh Hasina's 'finest hour'. 25. Juni 2022;.
  37. ↑ a b Bangladeshi spies accused of blocking media adverts.
  38. ↑ Commentary by Mahfuz Anam: DSA - the law that jails now kills. 27. Februar 2021;.
  39. ↑ Editors find DSA threat to press freedom.
  40. ↑ Bangladesh: Repeal the digital security act and end crackdown on freedom of expression online.
  41. ↑ How Bangladesh's Digital Security Act is Creating a Culture of Fear.
  42. ↑ 'Dr Yunus blocked Padma bridge funds': Hasina.
  43. ↑ 'Dr Yunus blocked Padma bridge funds'.
  44. ↑ Mahfuz Anam refutes PM's claim.
  45. ↑ Mahfuz Anam issues clarification on PM Hasina's remark. 19. Mai 2022;.
  46. ↑ Vorlage:Citation
  47. ↑ Bangladeshi editor who faced 83 lawsuits says press freedom under threat In: The Guardian, May 18, 2017 
  48. ↑ Bangladesh: Mahfuz Anam facing 30 counts of criminal defamation.
  49. ↑ Bangladesh: Defamation Charges Against Editor Representative of Broader Attacks on Media. 18. Februar 2016;.
  50. ↑ Lawsuits against editor Mahfuz Anam - Attempt to stifle independent media' in Bangladesh - South Asia Citizens Web. In: www.sacw.net.
  51. ↑ Re-writing the history of Bangladesh's Padma Bridge criminal conspiracy In: Netra News, December 20, 2020 
  52. ↑ News Desk: Daily Star Editor Mahfuz Anam admits to publishing DGFI-fed baseless stories In: bdnews24, 4 February 2016 
  53. ↑ 'Attempt to crush independent media' in Bangladesh, BBC News, 18 February 2016. Abgerufen im 23 February 2016 

Weblinks[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Commons: Shi Annan/Mahfuz Anam – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Alternative VIAF= 305636774; 282662330; 7090161212022340070004

[[Kategorie: [[Kategorie:Geboren 1950]] [[Kategorie:Gestorben ]] [[Kategorie:Mann]] {{Personendaten |NAME= Anam, Mahfuz |ALTERNATIVNAMEN= মাহফুজ আনাম (bengalisch) |KURZBESCHREIBUNG= bengalischer Journalist |GEBURTSDATUM= 18. Juni 1950 |GEBURTSORT=[[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]] |STERBEDATUM= |STERBEORT= }} [[Category:Bangladeshi journalists]] University of Dhaka alumni]] [[Category:Bangladeshi newspaper editors]] [[Category:Honorary Fellows of Bangla Academy]] [[Category:Notre Dame College, Dhaka alumni]] [[Category:20th-century Bengalis]] [[Category:21st-century Bengalis]] [[Category:People from Mymensingh District]] [[Category:St. Gregory's High School and College alumni]]

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