Bernard van Orley
Bernard van Orley , (* 1491 or 1492 in Brussels ; † January 6, 1542 in Brussels; with first names also Barend or Bernaert or Bernart ), was a Flemish painter.
Life
Bernard van Orley was born in Brussels in 1491 or 1492. He stayed in Italy between 1509 and 1515 , where he trained especially after or perhaps with Raphael , and then resided in Brussels again from 1515. Since he was inspired by Italian art in general and that of Raphael in particular, van Orley was also referred to as the "father of Romanism in Flemish pictorial art". He probably learned his craft together with his brother in the studio of his father Valentin van Orley (approx. 1466–1532) in Brussels. Bernard can be traced there from 1515. From 1520 to 1527 he was, subsequently Jacopo de 'Barbari , court painter to the governor Margaret of Austria and from 1532 also her successor, Maria of Castile . He died in Brussels on January 6, 1542.
Originally still painting in the manner of Gerard David , he changed his style as a result of the Italian trip, but not to his advantage, in that he could not appropriate the full Italian beauty of form and the Flemish style in form and color. In his middle period he joins Jan Mabuse . He has a certain delicacy of feeling.
Works (selection)
- An altar with scenes from the life of the apostles Thomas and Matthias (Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna ),
- a triptych with the sufferings of Job (Brussels, museum),
- Rest on the run (Liverpool, Royal Institution ),
- The Last Judgment (Antwerp, Elisabeth Hospital)
- Venus and Cupid (Berlin, museum).
- Circumcision of Christ, between 1525 and 1530, wood, 112 × 73 cm.
- Job altar, left wing outside: Poor Lazarus at the rich man's door,
- Job altar, left wing inside: The robbery of Job's flocks by the Sabeans.
A veneration of the Holy Trinity , which was located in Lübeck's Marienkirche and burned there in 1942, was initially attributed to Van Orley, but later to Jacob van Utrecht . Furthermore, he was initially also considered the creator of the paintings on the altar carved by Jan Borman in the parish church of St. Marien in Güstrow , but since 1893 they have also been assigned to the master of the Güstrow altar .
Bernard van Orley also made designs for tapestries that were made in factories in Brussels. He made the designs for some of the most popular tapestry series, such as the founding history of Rome (Madrid, Patrimonio Nacional), Maximilian's hunts (now in the Louvre in Paris), the seven episodes of the Battle of Pavia (Naples, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte) and Scenes from the book Tobias (Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum ).
Van Orley has a very important position in terms of development history. It is thanks to him that the Renaissance style found spread and recognition in the area of the Flemish tapestry design. Van Orley knew how to combine tradition and innovation. He harmonized the narrative, sometimes anecdotal, and decorative details of Dutch art with monumental figures in spacious landscapes or architecture.
literature
- Wilfried Seipel (ed.): Scenes from the book Tobias. From the tapestry collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum . Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-85497-083-8 , (exhibition catalog).
- Alphonse Wauters: Bernard Van Orley. Sa famille et ses œuvres . Hayez, Brussels 1881.
- Joseph Eduard Wessely : Orley, Barend van . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, p. 422 f.
Web links
- Works by Bernard van Orley at Zeno.org .
- Online collection: Bernard van Orley . Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alph. Wauters: Bernard van Orley. Paris 1893.
- ↑ Fig. Güstrow Altar
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Orley, Bernard van |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Orley, Barend van; Orley, Barent van; D'Orley, Barend |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Flemish painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1491 or 1492 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Brussels |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 6, 1542 |
| Place of death | Brussels |