Bessemer Model E.
| Bessemer | |
|---|---|
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| Model E. | |
| Manufacturer: | Bessemer Motor Truck Co. |
| Sales designation: |
Model E 3.5 ton |
| Production period: | 1916–? |
| Previous model: | without |
| Successor: | unknown model |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Canopy handlebars |
| Engines: | Petrol engines from Continental |
| Power: | 33.6 kW |
| Wheelbase: | 3810/4445 mm |
| Payload: | 3.2 t |
The Bessemer Model E is a medium-weight truck with a payload of 3½ tn. sh. (3.2 t), which the former US commercial vehicle manufacturer Bessemer Motor Truck Company in Grove City (Pennsylvania) offered from 1916 and specifically from 1918. The production time is not known.
Model history
The Bessemer Motor Truck Company was founded in Grove City, Pennsylvania in 1911 . Initially, trucks with payloads of 1 and 2 tn. sh. (approx. 0.9 and 1.8 t ). These first trucks, called Model A and B , still had chain drives .
Bessemer reorganized its offer for 1916. This largely changed over to shaft drive. In the United States , in addition to a 1.5-tonne truck with drive chains, only models with shaft drive were now available. A British source, however, lists two out of six Bessemer trucks with chain drives.
There are five Bessemer trucks in the USA in 1918 , four of which are named. Of these, Model E is the largest; in the model range of this manufacturer he expected the second largest series have represented, with many technical similarities both to the larger five-ton as well as the one of the two smaller, Bessemer Model D . On the truck cited by the British source with a payload of 60–80 cwts. (approx. 2.7–3.6 t) and a 5.7 liter four-cylinder engine (114 × 140 mm like model E ) and 38 hp output, it is with some certainty the model E ; the heavier truck with 110 cwts. (5.6 t) payload could therefore be the mentioned, by name unknown model with 5 tn. sh. Payload corresponded.
While it can be assumed that Bessemer served the market segment for three- and three-and-a-half-ton trucks in the 1920s, it is not known how long Model E was built. In 1923 the Bessemer Motor Truck Company merged with the American Motors Corporation to form the Bessemer-American Motors Corporation and relocated production to Plainfield (New Jersey) . That year a three- tonne truck was released that was not known by name, but of which neither the model name nor technical data are known, and a four- tonne Mpdel K2 is called from 1925. It is unclear whether either of them replaced Model E or whether it was an expansion of the offer.
technology
All Bessemer commercial vehicles were manufactured as assembled vehicles , which means that they were assembled from parts and components from the supplier. This was a widespread method that also enabled smaller suppliers to produce efficiently and profitably. It went beyond the usual use of bought-in bodies or engines and included practically every vehicle part used, from engines and transmissions to superstructures , box frames and axles .
engine
A data sheet from 1918 mentions a four-cylinder engine from Continental with cylinders cast in pairs for the Model E.
Model E is the only documented Bessemer model that was still powered by such an engine in 1918. It can be proven as early as 1916 in the two models mentioned above and listed by a British source. Its water cooling with a water pump and the combined centrifugal and pressure circulation lubrication with an oil pump was quite modern and the magneto ignition was typical and common of the time. The mixture preparation got a common in commercial vehicle Rayfield - carburetor .
With a displacement of 349.9 ci (5,716 cm³) from a 4½ inch (114 mm) cylinder bore and 5½ inch (140 mm) piston stroke , this engine was also the largest in the well-known Bessemer range .
In published works literature, for example for the annual catalog of the NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ), Bessemer names an output of 45 bhp (33.6 kW) and an SAE rating of 42 HP, the calculation method of which is not explained. According to the then usual NACC rating based only on the drilling (see table in the appendix), the result is 32.4 HP.
Power transmission
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The engine was attached to the front. Unfortunately only incomplete data is available, which was taken from the mentioned data sheet from 1918. There is no indication of different dates in other years of construction. The power was transmitted to the drive shaft via a rather atypical cone clutch and a manual Brown-Lipe three-speed gearbox with reverse gear (typically with unsynchronized gears) . This is a differential with worm gear ( "Worm gear") with the Timken - rear axle connected.
This axis is solidly built and designed to be free-floating ( full floating ), i.e. H. the drive shafts are largely relieved of transverse forces. This transmission corresponds to that of the smaller Bessemer Model D .
Chassis and suspension
The available data suggest that the chassis was constructed as a conventional lead frame . A pressed steel frame is noted; the front wheels hung on a solid I-beam (double-T) - rigid axle . Model J , D and E had double tires on the rear axle ( wheel formula 4 × 2); only with D and E , however, a more massive version from Timken was used, which also fits the mentioned differential with worm gear. It too was of course a rigid execution. Both axes were attached to conventional semi-elliptical springs .
The wheelbase was either 150 or 175 inches (3810 mm or 4475 mm). Model E also had a wider track of 66 inches (1676 mm) than Model D which was 60 inches (1524 mm). Like all Bessemer trucks, Model E also had a left-hand worm steering system and shift and handbrake levers in the middle. There were also twin brake drums at each rear wheel, as well as from the model D are known.
As is typical of the time, Model E had solid rubber tires all around. Their dimension was 35 × 5 inches. The chassis weighed 6,260 lb (2,840 kg) and cost US $ 3,450. Thus, the weight and price of the Model E exceeded those of the Model D by around one and a half times.
Specifications
| Data | Model E. |
|---|---|
|
Payload : |
3½ sh tn 7,000 lb 3,175 kg |
| Engine manufacturer: | Continental |
| Engine: | Four-cylinder in - line engine , four-stroke |
| Engine block : |
Gray cast iron sack cylinders cast in pairs |
| Displacement : | 349.9 ci (calculated) 5,716 cm³ (calculated) |
| Bore × stroke : | 4½ x 5½ inches 114 x 140 mm |
| Valves: | 2 valves per cylinder |
| Valve control: | SV valve control |
| Rating: | 42 HP ( NACC ) |
| power | 45 bhp bhp (33.6 kW ) |
| Mixture preparation: | Rayfield carburetor |
| Cooling: | Water cooling , water pump |
| Lubrication: | Centrifugal and pressure circulation lubrication combined with an oil pump |
| Ignition: | Magneto ignition |
| Drive: | Shaft drive , differential with worm gear ("Worm Gear"), flull floating ; see. Power transmission |
| Coupling: | Cone coupling |
| Transmission: |
Brown-Lipe 3-speed gearbox with reverse gear unsynchronized |
| Front axle: | Rigid axle , I-Beam (double T) , ball joints |
| Rear axle: | Rigid axle, Timken round steel |
| Chassis: |
Pressed steel - lead frame , front engine, rear wheel drive, left-hand drive centrally arranged lever and handbrake circuit |
| Wheelbase: | 3810 mm / 4445 mm |
| Track width front / rear each: | 1676 mm |
| Front and rear suspension: | Semi-elliptical springs |
| Front suspension: |
Rigid axle semi-elliptical springs |
| Steering: | Worm steering |
| Brakes: | two mechanically operated drum brakes per rear wheel, expanding |
| Front tire: | 35 × 5 |
| Rear tire: | 35 × 5, double wheels |
| Weight chassis: | 2840 kg |
| Price chassis: | US $ 3450.00 |
As a result of the conversion of rounded output data , this table can contain sham inaccuracies .
equipment
Three oil lamps were included in the price. A jack, a tool set and a rim puller were also included.
Remarks
The inch specifications for bore and stroke are usually rounded and only lead to approximate cubic capacities. Nevertheless, it makes sense to list them because they allow conclusions to be drawn about the motor used. Wherever possible, sources have been used instead of conversions.
- ↑ In early multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, the cylinders were cast or welded individually or in pairs and mounted on a common crankcase. With the improvement in casting technology and the complex casting molds that this made possible, motors with blocks from one cast, the so-called monoblock motors, gradually became established .
- ↑ The NACC rating was a predecessor formula for SAE-PS . The NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ) was an association of the automotive industry founded in 1913 and the successor to the ALAM ( Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers ), which was the first to introduce this standard in the US automotive industry in 1903. The formula thus corresponds exactly to the NACC formula, even if the representation in the table has been changed. The rating is calculated; Cylinder bore ² × number of cylinders; the result is divided by 2.5. From this formula SAE-PS were later developed and it is also the basis of the British tax-PS at that time.
- ↑ With full floating axles, the wheel hubs are connected to the outer end of the respective half-shaft via a roller bearing . The bearing absorbs the transverse forces (only dead weight). The outer shaft end is in the wheel hub, the torque is usually transmitted by means of a gear coupling.
- ^ Accuracy due to conversion.
literature
- George Nicholas Georgano (Ed.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI 1979, ISBN 0-87341-024-6 . (English)
- Albert Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996, ISBN 0-87341-368-7 .
- Albert Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I: Illustrated Histories of 224 Manufacturers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson NC, 2009, ISBN 0-78643-967-X .
- John A. Gunnell (Ed.): Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1993, ISBN 0-87341-238-9 .
- William Wagner: Continental !: Its Motors and its People. Armed Forces Journal International and Aero Publishers, Inc., Fallbrook CA, 1983, ISBN 0-816-84506-9 .
- WC Bersey, A. Dorey (Eds.): The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. The Technical Publishing Company, Gough Square, Fleet Street, London EC4, 1917.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Bersey, Dorey: The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. P. 148.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 27 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b Georgiano, Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. 1979, p. 92 (Bessemer).
- ^ A b Gunnell: Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896–1986. 1993, p. 670 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b c d e f Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. 1996, p. 33 (Bessemer).
- ^ Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 28 (Bessemer).