Bessemer Model D.
| Bessemer | |
|---|---|
| Image does not exist |
|
| D. | |
| Manufacturer: | Bessemer Motor Truck Co. |
| Sales designation: |
Model J 2 tons |
| Production period: | 1917–? |
| Previous model: | Bessemer Model A |
| Successor: | none |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Canopy handlebars |
| Engines: | Petrol engines from Continental |
| Power: | 26.8 kW |
| Wheelbase: | 3708/4343 mm |
| Payload: | 1.8 t |
The Bessemer Model D is a medium-duty truck with a payload of 2 tn. sh. (1.8 t), which the former US commercial vehicle manufacturer Bessemer Motor Truck Company in Grove City (Pennsylvania) has been producing from 1918, but the model was probably presented earlier.
Model history
The Bessemer Motor Truck Company was founded in Grove City, Pennsylvania in 1911 . Trucks with a payload of 2 tn. sh. (approx. 1.8 t ) were part of the delivery program from the start. This first truck , probably called Model A , still had a chain drive and was the larger of two models.
Bessemer reorganized its offer for 1916. This largely changed over to shaft drive. In the United States , in addition to a 1.5-tonne truck with drive chains, only models with shaft drive were now available. A British source, however, lists two out of six Bessemer trucks with chain drives.
A 40 cwts payload truck cited by this UK source. (1.8 t) with a 2.8-liter four-cylinder engine (79 × 133 mm) and 28 horsepower can be used as a direct precursor of the Model D as well as the Model J be seen. Its model name is unknown, as is its production time.
The two-ton truck market segment was an important one and was served by numerous commercial vehicle manufacturers. Why Bessemer offered two corresponding series in 1918 is not known. Both series have something in common, in particular the same engine, but also some special features that combine Model D with the larger Model E and Model J with the smaller Model G. In addition, Model D was available with two different wheelbases , Model J with its only available wheelbase was in between and Model D had double tires on the rear axle.
While it can be assumed that Bessemer served the market segment for two- and two-and-a-half-ton trucks in the 1920s, it is not known how long the Model D and Model J were built and which version there was a successor. In 1923 the Bessemer Motor Truck Company merged with the American Motors Corporation to form the Bessemer-American Motors Corporation and relocated production to Plainfield (New Jersey) .
technology
All Bessemer commercial vehicles were manufactured as assembled vehicles , which means that they were composed of parts and components from suppliers. This was a widespread method that also enabled smaller suppliers to produce efficiently and profitably. It went beyond the usual use of bought-in bodies or engines and included practically every vehicle part used, from engines and transmissions to superstructures , box frames and axles .
engine
For the J and D series, Bessemer used the same, highly likely side-controlled four - cylinder engine from Continental . A data sheet of 1918 calls a cast iron - monobloc engine with advanced water cooling and water pump , a combined spin and pressure lubrication with oil pump , magneto ignition and a Rayfield - carburetor .
The cylinder bore is 4⅛ inches and the piston stroke 5¼ inches (105 × 133 mm), resulting in a displacement of 280.6 ci (4,607 cm³). In published works literature, for example for the annual catalog of the NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ), Bessemer mentions an output of 36 bhp (26.8 kW) and a similar SAE rating , the calculation method of which is not explained. According to the NACC rating that was customary at the time (see table in the appendix), this resulted in 27.2 HP.
Power transmission
_(14595223150).jpg)
The engine was attached to the front. There is no indication of different dates in other years of construction. The engine power was transferred to the cardan shaft via a cone clutch and a manually shiftable Brown-Lipe three-speed gearbox with reverse gear . It drives the rear axle supplied by Timken via a worm gear .
Model D and Model J differ in this axis . It is designed to be floating ( full floating ), which means that the drive shafts are largely free of transverse forces. This transmission corresponds to that of the larger Bessemer Model E .
Chassis and suspension
Like Bessemer Model J and E , Model D is also designed with two axles with rear double tires ( wheel formula 4 × 2). The available data suggest a lead frame . A pressed steel frame is noted; the front wheels hung on a solid I-beam (double-T) - rigid axle . The rear axle was also rigid. Both axes were attached to semi-elliptical springs .
The wheelbase was either 146 or 171 inches (3708 mm or 4343 mm). 'Bessemer Model D' and J also had the same 60-inch (1524 mm) track width front and rear. Like all Bessemer trucks, they had worm steering on the left and shift and handbrake levers in the middle. Only the Model D (and the larger E ) had twin brake drums on each rear wheel. Thus, Model D than smaller, narrower and weaker version of the Bessemer Model E be seen.
The tires for both Model D and J were all-round solid rubber tires measuring 36 × 4 inches.
The chassis weighed 4280 lb (1940 kg) and cost US $ 2550.
Specifications
| Data | Model D |
|---|---|
|
Payload : |
2 sh tn 4,000 lb 1,815 kg | |
| Engine manufacturer: | Continental |
| Engine: | Four-cylinder in - line engine , four-stroke |
| Engine block : |
Sack cylinders cast en bloc in gray cast iron |
| Displacement : | 280.7 ci (calculated) 4,607 cm³ (calculated) |
| Bore × stroke : | 4⅛ × 5¼ in. 105 × 133 mm |
| Valves: | 2 valves per cylinder |
| Valve control: | SV valve control |
| Rating SAE : | 36 HP |
| Rating NACC : | 27.2 HP |
| Power: | 36 bhp (26.8 kW ) |
| Mixture preparation: | Rayfield carburetor |
| Cooling: | Water cooling , water pump |
| Lubrication: | Centrifugal and pressure circulation lubrication combined with an oil pump |
| Ignition: | Magneto ignition |
| Drive: | Shaft drive , axle drive with worm gear ( flull floating ); see. Power transmission |
| Coupling: | Cone coupling |
| Transmission: |
Brown-Lipe 3-speed gearbox with reverse gear unsynchronized |
| Front axle: | Rigid axle , I-Beam (double T) , ball joints |
| Rear axle: | Rigid axle, Timken |
| Chassis: |
Pressed steel - ladder frame , front engine, rear-wheel drive, left-hand drive centrally arranged levers for gearshift and handbrake |
| Wheelbase: | 3708 mm / 4343 mm |
| Track width front / rear each: | 1524 mm |
| Front and rear suspension: | Semi-elliptical springs |
| Steering: | Worm steering |
| Brakes: | two mechanically operated drum brakes per rear wheel, expanding |
| Front tire: | 36 × 4 |
| Rear tire: | 36 × 4, double tires |
| Weight chassis: | 1940 kg |
| Price chassis: | US $ 2550.00 |
As a result of the conversion of rounded output data , this table can contain sham inaccuracies .
Key differences between Model D and Model J
Although both vehicles wore the same payload and the same engine had, there are some significant differences, which also related to the fact that Model J is more closely related to the smaller Model G and Model D more in common with the larger model E has.
Model D was available with either a 146-inch (3708 mm) or 171-inch (4343 mm) wheelbase; Model J only with 158 inches (4013 mm) in between. Both D versions were also only slightly shorter than the two variants of the Model E with 150 and 175 inches (3810 mm and 4475 mm) wheelbase. This results in a broad coverage of the market segments between 2 and 3.5 tn. sh.
Model D was clearly the heavier version, which was not only noticeable in the weight of the chassis (1940 kg against 1810 kg, which probably relates to the short version of the D ), but also in the significant price difference (from US $ 2550, - against US $ 2200, -, again probably based on the short version of the D ).
The different differential gears have already been mentioned. Model D had a Timken axle with a worm gear for power transmission to the floating axle half-shafts, Model J had a Torbensen rear axle with the differential with planetary gear and internal gearing, which has proven itself in passenger cars and lighter commercial vehicles. Model D had two twin drum brakes on the rear axle, Model J one drum brake per rear wheel.
equipment
Three oil lamps were included in the price. A jack, a tool set and a rim puller were also included.
Remarks
The inch specifications for bore and stroke are usually rounded and only lead to approximate cubic capacities. Nevertheless, it makes sense to list them because they allow conclusions to be drawn about the motor used. Wherever possible, sources have been used instead of conversions.
- ↑ The NACC rating was a predecessor formula for SAE-PS . The NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ) was an association of the automotive industry founded in 1913 and the successor to the ALAM ( Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers ), which was the first to introduce this standard in the US automotive industry in 1903. The formula thus corresponds exactly to the NACC formula, even if the representation in the table has been changed. The benefit is calculated; Cylinder bore ² × number of cylinders; the result is divided by 2.5. From this formula SAE-PS were later developed and it is also the basis of the British tax-PS at that time.
- ↑ With full floating axles, the wheel hubs are connected to the outer end of the respective half-shaft via a roller bearing . The bearing absorbs the transverse forces (only dead weight). The outer shaft end is in the wheel hub, the torque is usually transmitted by a gear coupling.
- ^ Accuracy due to conversion.
- ↑ cf. Table in the appendix.
literature
- George Nicholas Georgano (Ed.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI 1979, ISBN 0-87341-024-6 . (English)
- Albert Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996, ISBN 0-87341-368-7 .
- Albert Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I: Illustrated Histories of 224 Manufacturers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson NC, 2009, ISBN 0-78643-967-X .
- John A. Gunnell (Ed.): Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1993, ISBN 0-87341-238-9 .
- William Wagner: Continental !: Its Motors and its People. Armed Forces Journal International and Aero Publishers, Inc., Fallbrook CA, 1983, ISBN 0-816-84506-9 .
- WC Bersey, A. Dorey (Eds.): The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. The Technical Publishing Company, Gough Square, Fleet Street, London EC4, 1917.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 27 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b c d e Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. 1996, p. 33 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b Georgiano, Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. 1979, p. 92 (Bessemer).
- ^ A b Gunnell: Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. 1993, p. 670 (Bessemer).
- ^ Bersey, Dorey: The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. p. 148.
- ^ Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 28 (Bessemer).