Bessemer Model J.
| Bessemer | |
|---|---|
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| Model J | |
| Manufacturer: | Bessemer Motor Truck Co. |
| Sales designation: |
Model J 2 tons |
| Production period: | 1917–? |
| Previous model: | Bessemer Model A |
| Successor: | none |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Canopy handlebars |
| Engines: | Petrol engines from Continental |
| Power: | 26.8 kW |
| Wheelbase: | 4013 mm |
| Payload: | 1.8 t |
The Bessemer Model J is a medium-duty truck with a payload of 2 tn. sh. (1.8 t), which the former US commercial vehicle manufacturer Bessemer Motor Truck Company in Grove City (Pennsylvania) produced from 1918, but the model was probably presented as early as 1917.
Model history
The Bessemer Motor Truck Company was founded in Grove City, Pennsylvania in 1911 . Trucks with a payload of 2 tn. sh. (approx. 1.8 t ) were part of the delivery program from the start. This first truck , probably called Model A , still had a chain drive and was the larger of only two models at first.
Bessemer reorganized its offer for 1916. This largely changed over to shaft drive. In the United States , in addition to a 1.5-tonne truck with drive chains, only models with shaft drive were now available. A British source, however, lists two out of six Bessemer trucks with chain drives.
A 40 cwts payload truck cited by this UK source. (1.8 t) with a 2.8 liter, four cylinder engine (79 × 133 mm) and 28 horsepower can be used as a direct precursor to the model J as well as the Model D be seen. Its model name is unknown, as is its production time.
The two-ton truck market segment was an important one and was served by numerous commercial vehicle manufacturers. Why Bessemer offered two corresponding series in 1918 is not known. Both series have common features, in particular the same engine, but also some special features that Model J with the smaller model G and Model D with the larger model E Connect. In addition, Model J with its wheelbase of 4013 mm was between the two available wheelbases of Model D ; only the latter had double tires on the rear axle.
While it can be assumed that Bessemer served the market segment for two- and two-and-a-half-ton trucks in the 1920s, it is not known how long Model J and Model D have been built and of which version there was a successor. In 1923 the Bessemer Motor Truck Company merged with the American Motors Corporation to form the Bessemer-American Motors Corporation and relocated production to Plainfield (New Jersey) .
technology
All Bessemer commercial vehicles were manufactured as assembled vehicles , which means that they were assembled from parts and components from the supplier. This was a widespread method that also enabled smaller suppliers to produce efficiently and profitably. It went beyond the usual use of bought-in bodies or engines and included practically every vehicle part used, from engines and transmissions to superstructures , box frames and axles .
One of the differences between the two two-tonne Model J and Model D is the rear axle. For Model J , the lighter model G was used. That was a rigid axle made of Torbensen . The power transmission from the cardan shaft to the axle half shafts took place via an internally toothed differential .
engine
For the J and D series, Bessemer used the same, highly likely side-controlled four - cylinder engine from Continental . A data sheet of 1918 calls a cast iron - monobloc engine with advanced water cooling and water pump , a combined spin - and forced lubrication with oil pump , magneto ignition and a Rayfield - carburetor .
The cylinder bore is 4⅛ inches and the piston stroke 5¼ inches (105 × 133 mm), resulting in a displacement of 280.6 ci (4,607 cm³). In published works literature, for example for the annual catalog of the NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ), Bessemer mentions an output of 36 bhp (26.8 kW) and a similar SAE rating , the calculation method of which is not explained. According to the NACC rating that was customary at the time (see table in the appendix), this resulted in 27.2 HP.
Power transmission
The engine was attached to the front. Unfortunately only incomplete data is available, which was taken from the mentioned data sheet from 1918. There is no indication of different dates in other years of construction. The power was transmitted to the drive shaft via a rather atypical cone clutch and a manual Brown-Lipe three-speed gearbox with reverse gear (typically with unsynchronized gears) . This was a differential with internal toothing ( "Internal gear") with the Torbensen - rear axle connected. Used therewith Model J , the rear axle of the smaller Model G but the clutch and transmission from Model D .
Chassis and suspension
Like Bessemer Model D and E , Model J is also designed as a two-axle vehicle with rear double tires ( wheel formula 4 × 2). The available data suggest that the chassis was constructed as a conventional lead frame . A pressed steel frame is noted; the front wheels hung on a solid I-beam (double-T) - rigid axle . The aforementioned Torbensen rear axle was of course a rigid design. Both axes were attached to conventional semi-elliptical springs .
The wheelbase was 158 inches (4013 mm). He was approximately 90 cm longer than that of G and was between the two available versions of the Model D . These two models had in common their track of 60 inches (1524 mm) front and rear.
The vehicle had worm steering on the left , shift and handbrake levers in the middle and, unlike Model D , only simple drum brakes on the rear axle.
The chassis weighed 4000 lb (1810 kg) and cost US $ 2200.
Specifications
| Data | Model J |
|---|---|
|
Payload : |
2 tn. sh. 4,000 lb 1,815 kg |
| Engine manufacturer: | Continental |
| Engine: | Four-cylinder in - line engine , four-stroke |
| Engine block : |
Sack cylinders cast en bloc in gray cast iron |
| Displacement : | 280.7 ci (calculated) 4,607 cm³ (calculated) |
| Bore × stroke : | 4⅛ × 5¼ in. 105 × 133 mm |
| Valves: | 2 valves per cylinder |
| Valve control: | SV valve control |
| Rating SAE : | 36 HP |
| Rating NACC : | 27.2 HP |
| Power: | 36 bhp (26.8 kW ) |
| Mixture preparation: | Rayfield carburetor |
| Cooling: | Water cooling , water pump |
| Lubrication: | Centrifugal and pressure circulation lubrication combined with an oil pump |
| Ignition: | Magneto ignition |
| Drive formula : | 4 × 2 |
| Drive: | Shaft drive , differential with internal gear ("Internal Gear") |
| Coupling: | Cone coupling |
| Transmission: |
Brown-Lipe 3-speed gearbox with reverse gear unsynchronized |
| Front axle: | Rigid axle , I-Beam (double T) , ball joints |
| Rear axle: | Rigid axle, Torbensen double-T |
| Chassis: |
Pressed steel - lead frame , front engine, rear wheel drive, left-hand drive centrally arranged lever and handbrake circuit |
| Wheelbase: | 4013 mm |
| Track width front / rear each: | 1524 mm |
| Front and rear suspension: | Semi-elliptical springs |
| Steering: | Worm steering |
| Brakes: | 4 mechanically operated simplex drum brakes on the rear axle |
| Front tire: | 36 × 4 |
| Rear tire: | 36 × 4, double wheels |
| Weight chassis: | 1810 kg |
| Price chassis: | US $ 2200.00 |
As a result of the conversion of rounded output data , this table may contain sham accuracy .
Key differences between Model J and Model D.
Although both vehicles wore the same payload and have used the same engine, there are some significant differences, which also related to the fact that Model J is more closely related to the smaller Model G and Model D more in common with the larger model E has.
Model J was only available with a single wheelbase, 158 inches (4013 mm). Model D was available in two sizes, one shorter than Model J (146 "or 3708 mm) and the other longer (171" or 4343 mm). Model J was clearly the lighter version, which was not only noticeable in the weight of the chassis (1810 kg against 1940 kg, the latter probably for the short version), but also in the significant price difference (US $ 2200, - against US $ 2550, - , the latter probably again for the short version).
Have already been given the different differential gear, a planetary gear and internal gear at the Torbensen -Hinterachse the lighter Model J and a free-floating Timken axis with worm gear heavier and Model D . Both vehicles had double tires on the rear axle and, as was typical of the time, both had no front wheel brakes (these did not become generally accepted until the mid-1920s). Model J had to make do with one drum brake per wheel, Model D had two each.
equipment
Three oil lamps were included in the price. A jack, a tool set and a rim puller were also included.
Remarks
The inch specifications for bore and stroke are usually rounded and only lead to approximate cubic capacities. Nevertheless, it makes sense to list them because they allow conclusions to be drawn about the motor used. Wherever possible, sources have been used instead of conversions.
- ↑ The NACC rating was a predecessor formula for SAE-PS . The NACC ( National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ) was an association of the automotive industry founded in 1913 and the successor to the ALAM ( Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers ), which was the first to introduce this standard in the US automotive industry in 1903. The formula thus corresponds exactly to the NACC formula, even if the representation in the table has been changed. The benefit is calculated; Cylinder bore ² × number of cylinders; the result is divided by 2.5. From this formula SAE-PS were later developed and it is also the basis of the British tax-PS at that time.
- ^ Accuracy due to conversion.
- ↑ cf. Table in the appendix.
literature
- George Nicholas Georgano (Ed.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI 1979, ISBN 0-87341-024-6 . (English)
- Albert Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996, ISBN 0-87341-368-7 .
- Albert Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I: Illustrated Histories of 224 Manufacturers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson NC, 2009, ISBN 0-78643-967-X .
- John A. Gunnell (Ed.): Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1993, ISBN 0-87341-238-9 .
- William Wagner: Continental !: Its Motors and its People. Armed Forces Journal International and Aero Publishers, Inc., Fallbrook CA, 1983, ISBN 0-816-84506-9 .
- WC Bersey, A. Dorey (Eds.): The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. The Technical Publishing Company, Gough Square, Fleet Street, London EC4, 1917.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 27 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b c d e Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. 1996, p. 33 (Bessemer).
- ↑ a b Georgiano, Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. 1979, p. 92 (Bessemer).
- ^ A b Gunnell: Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986. 1993, p. 670 (Bessemer).
- ^ Bersey, Dorey: The Motor, Marine and Aircraft Red Book 1917. p. 148.
- ^ Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I. 2009, p. 28 (Bessemer).