District Representation for the Inner City
The district policy in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt, is of particular relevance because of the central location and touristic importance of this old core area of the city. It is based on the district council , for which the elections take place at the same time as the municipal council or state parliament elections. Historically, this policy has almost always been determined by conservative parties. Since 1946 the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) has consistently provided the district head of the district, while the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) always provided the first deputy district head with one exception.
history
| District Head | |
|---|---|
| Anton Picker ( CS ) | 1890-1903 |
| Josef Wieninger ( CS ) | 1903-1925 |
| Otto Urbach ( SDAP ) | 1932-1934 |
| Eduard Siegmeth ( VF ) | 1934-1938 |
| Theodor Köpl ( KPÖ ) | 4 / 1945–7 / 1945 |
| Fritz Schuckeld ( SPÖ ) | 7 / 1945-10 / 1945 |
| Adolf Planek ( SPÖ ) | 10 / 1945-1946 |
| August Altmutter ( ÖVP ) | 1946-1948 |
| Franz Eichberger ( ÖVP ) | 1948-1951 |
| Otto Friesinger ( ÖVP ) | 1951-1968 |
| Heinrich Anton Heinz ( ÖVP ) | 1968-1987 |
| Richard Schmitz ( ÖVP ) | 1987-2001 |
| Franz Grundwalt ( ÖVP ) | 2001-2005 |
| Ursula Stenzel ( ÖVP ) | 2005-2015 |
| Markus Figl ( ÖVP ) | since 2015 |
Interwar period
The political fortunes of the inner city have always been almost entirely in conservative hands. After the First World War, Josef Wieninger , politician of the Christian Social Party (CSP), took over the office of district mayor between 1918 and 1919, initially provisionally and then until 1925 as district director of the inner city. He then became a member of the National Council . In the district council elections previously held in 1923, the CSP had won 16 of the 30 seats, while the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (SDAP) only received eight seats. In addition, the Greater German People's Party (GDVP) was represented in the district council with one mandate, the Civil Democratic Party with three mandates and the Jewish party with two mandates. The Christian Social Party was also able to maintain its supremacy in the district council election in 1927. In association with other groupings, it achieved 18 mandates as a single list , whereby the SDAP has already booked 11 mandates. The only remaining third party was the Civil Democratic Party with a mandate in the district council. In the election on April 24, 1932, the SDAP won first place in the Inner City, as in all of Vienna's municipal districts. The SDAP had profited from the losses of the CSP to the NSDAP. The CSP only got 11 seats in the election, while the SDAP got 14 seats. The NSDAP provided five district councils in the inner city. The SDAP thus also took over the office of district chairman. Otto Urbach was only able to hold this office until 1934, as the February battles during the Austrian Civil War were followed by a ban on the SDAP and their mandataries lost all their functions. As a result, Eduard Siegmeth from the Fatherland Front took over the office of district chairman. He held the office until the National Socialists came to power, whereby both the district chairman and the district councilors were not elected, but appointed. After the National Socialists came to power, the office of district head was abolished.
Second republic
In the course of the liberation of Vienna by the Allies , the communist Theodor Köpl was initially appointed district head by the Soviet occupation forces, where he held the office between April and July 1945. With the Vienna Constitutional Transition Act of July 10, 1945, the district heads appointed by the Soviet occupying power and their deputies lost their office again. The political parties subsequently agreed on the future district heads, who were then appointed to their office by the Vienna mayor. As a result, Fritz Schuckeld took over the office of district chairman in the inner city from July 1945. Adolf Planek followed in October 1945. Both politicians belonged to the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ). After the state and municipal council elections in 1945 , 30 mandates were awarded to each district representative. The “provisional district councils” were appointed by the mayor, taking into account the results of the state elections, at the request of the city senate. In addition, an agreement was reached that the strongest party in the respective district should provide the district head. Of the 30 mandates to be awarded in the inner city, 18 mandates were for the ÖVP , the SPÖ provided 11 mandataries, and the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) a district council. On the basis of this result, the ÖVP was entitled to the district head. August Alt Mutter was sworn in on April 16, 1946 with the other district heads and their deputies. In 1948, however, old mother was replaced by Franz Eichberger. In the subsequent state and municipal council elections in 1949 , there was no need for a separate district representative election . Therefore, after the 1949 election in mid-1950, “provisional district councils” had to be appointed by the mayor again at the suggestion of the political parties. In the inner city, the Association of Independents (VdU) was able to move into the district representation with three mandates. These mandates went from the SPÖ to the VdU.
After Eichberger had been replaced by Otto Friesinger in 1951, a district representative election took place for the first time in 1954, parallel to the state and local council elections in 1954 . In the inner city, the ÖVP was able to win a mandate from the VdU. It then provided 19 district councilors, while the SPÖ had 8 mandates, the VdU had 2 mandates and the KPÖ had 1 mandate. Friesinger and his successor Heinrich Heinz, who was in office from 1968, were able to maintain this dominance up to and including the district council election in 1987. During this time, the ÖVP always retained the absolute majority of votes and mandates, achieving its best result in 1983 with 65.9%. The SPÖ was never able to endanger the ÖVP during this period and achieved election results between 24 and 28%. The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), which succeeded the VdU in 1956, achieved results between 5 and 11% by 1987, never having more than three district councilors. The KPÖ, on the other hand, had already been elected from the district parliament in 1959. After the 1987 election, Richard Schmitz became district chairman.
In 1983 the Alternative List Vienna was able to move into the district council. Its successor party, Die Grüne Alternative , already won three seats in 1987.
Elections in 1991 and 1996
In 1991, after strong gains by the FPÖ and the Greens, the ÖVP lost its absolute majority of votes and mandates for the first time, while the SPÖ was able to almost maintain its share of the vote. In 1996, however, the ÖVP lost further votes and only reached 38.2% (minus 8.2%), while the FPÖ came second for the first time with a gain of 3.7% and a total of 19.7%. The SPÖ had to admit defeat with 18.9% and severe losses. With around 11% each, the Viennese Greens were just ahead of the Liberal Forum (LIF) , which started for the first time .
Elections in 2001, 2005 and 2010
In the 2001 elections, the ÖVP continued to descend. With 33.1% it achieved only 14 seats, while the SPÖ came close to it for the first time after a significant increase with 11 seats (25.6%). The FPÖ (17.7%) lost slightly in this election and was only able to relegate the Greens (17.34%) to fourth place (7 seats each). The LIF, on the other hand, lost a lot and only got one mandate. District chairman Richard Schmitz was replaced by Franz Grundwalt .
In the district council elections in 2005, the SPÖ expected the district chairman Franz Grundwalt to be able to take over the office of district chairman for the first time due to poor survey data. Thereupon the ÖVP offered the EU parliamentarian and former ORF editor Ursula Stenzel as the top candidate , who was supposed to replace the previous district chairman Grundwalt, a restaurateur active in the first district. Grundwalt countered by entrusting his SPÖ deputy Georg Niedermühlbichler with the interim administration towards the end of his mandate . Stenzel spoke out in favor of allowing fewer public events in the squares of the first district in order to ensure more peace and quiet and to develop the city into a district worth living in for its residents. She saw drug crime as a particular problem in her district. The candidate was heavily criticized by the SPÖ for her proposals. Stenzel was finally able to achieve a great election victory. It gained 10.2% and again achieved first place with 43.3%. Despite a gain of 4.2%, the SPÖ remained clearly behind the ÖVP with 29.8%. The Greens increased slightly to 18.30% in the district, while the FPÖ plunged with a minus of 11.6% to 6.1%. LIF, KPÖ and BZÖ each remained below one percent and thus without a mandate.
In the subsequent district council election in 2010, the ÖVP lost half of the votes it had won, but was able to maintain its leadership position with 38.0%, as the SPÖ fell from 29.8% to 23.4% at the same time. The Greens remained practically unchanged at 18.4% while the FPÖ was able to double its number of mandates to 10.3%. With the list “Wir im Erste”, the lawyer Karl Newole also managed to get 6.6% into the district representation, which the KPÖ, the LIF and the BZÖ missed.
Election 2015
According to its resolutions of November 2014, the ÖVP no longer ran in the October 2015 election with Ursula Stenzel as the top candidate; the party nominated Markus Figl as the new top candidate. Stenzel therefore announced on September 1, 2015 together with FPÖ chairman HC Strache that he would stand for the FPÖ, also for the local council. In the district council election in Vienna 2015 , the ÖVP achieved first place; Figl has been the new district chairman since December 22, 2015.
District election results
Distribution of votes
| year | Valid votes |
SPÖ | ÖVP | FPÖ 1 | GREEN 2 | KPÖ 3 | LIF | WE 4 | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | 19,443 | 5,469 | 11,590 | 1,432 | 733 | 219 5 | |||
| 1959 | 17,976 | 4,799 | 10,706 | 2,103 | 368 | ||||
| 1964 | 17,261 | 4,485 | 10,924 | 1,203 | 373 | 276 6 | |||
| 1969 | 13,610 | 3,830 | 7,314 | 1,515 | 156 | 795 7 | |||
| 1973 | 13,265 | 3,789 | 7,969 | 1.311 | 135 | 61 7 | |||
| 1978 | 11,167 | 2,884 | 7,332 | 951 | |||||
| 1983 | 12,137 | 2,940 | 7,995 | 620 | 582 | ||||
| 1987 | 8,600 | 2.116 | 4,851 | 893 | 740 | ||||
| 1991 | 8,717 | 2,056 | 4,041 | 1,389 | 1,047 | 184 8 | |||
| 1996 | 9,284 | 1,755 | 3,547 | 1,824 | 1,054 | 58 | 1,046 | ||
| 2001 | 8,726 | 2,237 | 2,889 | 1,543 | 1,513 | 38 | 385 | 121 9 | |
| 2005 | 7,913 | 2,361 | 3,428 | 481 | 1,448 | 66 | 58 | 71 10 | |
| 2010 | 8,575 | 2.010 | 3,254 | 883 | 1,575 | 80 | 108 | 566 | 99 10 |
| 2015 | 6,188 | 1,543 | 1,509 | 1,214 | 976 | 311 | 576 11 |
1) 1954 VdU
2) 1983 ALW
3) 1954 as popular opposition, between 1959 and 1964 as communists and left-wing socialists
4) WIR - We in the First
5) FSÖ
6) EFP
7) DFP
8) VGÖ
9) CHHF
10) BZÖ
11) NEOS
Voting shares
| year | SPÖ | ÖVP | FPÖ 1 | Green 2 | KPÖ 3 | NEOS 11 | WE 4 | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | 28.1% | 59.6% | 7.4% | 3.8% | 1.1% 5 | |||
| 1959 | 26.7% | 59.6% | 11.7% | 2.0% | ||||
| 1964 | 26.0% | 63.3% | 7.0% | 2.2% | 1.6% 6 | |||
| 1969 | 28.1% | 53.7% | 11.1% | 1.1% | 5.8% 7 | |||
| 1973 | 28.6% | 60.1% | 9.9% | 1.0% | 0.5% 8 | |||
| 1978 | 25.8% | 65.7% | 8.5% | |||||
| 1983 | 24.2% | 65.9% | 5.1% | 4.8% | ||||
| 1987 | 24.6% | 56.4% | 10.4% | 8.6% | ||||
| 1991 | 23.6% | 46.4% | 15.9% | 12.0% | 2.1% 8 | |||
| 1996 | 18.9% | 38.2% | 19.6% | 11.4% | 0.6% | 11.3% | ||
| 2001 | 25.6% | 33.1% | 17.7% | 17.3% | 0.4% | 4.4% | 1.4% 9 | |
| 2005 | 29.8% | 43.3% | 6.1% | 18.3% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.9% 10 | |
| 2010 | 23.4% | 38.0% | 10.3% | 18.4% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 6.6% | 1.2% 10 |
| 2015 | 24.2% | 25.7% | 18.7% | 16.0% | 9.5% | 5.1% | 0.9% 10 |
1) 1954 VdU
2) 1983 ALW
3) 1954 as a popular opposition, between 1959 and 1964 as communists and left-wing socialists
4) WIR - We in the First
5) FSÖ
6) EFP
7) DFP
8) VGÖ
9) CHHF
10) BZÖ 11) 2015 LIF
Mandate distribution
| year | SDAP | CSP 1 | Otherwise. | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 | 8th | 16 | 6 2 | 30th |
| 1927 | 11 | 18th | 1 3 | 30th |
| 1927 | 14th | 11 | 5 4 | 30th |
1) 1927 as a unified list with other groups
2) Bourgeois Democratic Party three seats, Jewish Party 2 seats, Greater German People's Party 1 seat
3) Bourgeois Democratic Party
4) NSDAP
| year | SPÖ | ÖVP | FPÖ 1 | Green 2 | NEOS | Otherwise. | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 11 | 18th | 1 3 | 30th | |||
| 1949 | 8th | 18th | 3 | 1 3 | 30th | ||
| 1954 | 8th | 19th | 2 | 1 3 | 30th | ||
| 1959 | 8th | 19th | 3 | 30th | |||
| 1964 | 8th | 20th | 2 | 30th | |||
| 1969 | 9 | 17th | 3 | 1 4 | 30th | ||
| 1973 | 9 | 18th | 3 | 30th | |||
| 1978 | 8th | 20th | 2 | 30th | |||
| 1983 | 7th | 21st | 1 | 1 | 30th | ||
| 1987 | 10 | 23 | 4th | 3 | 40 | ||
| 1991 | 10 | 19th | 6th | 5 | 40 | ||
| 1996 | 8th | 16 | 8th | 4th | 4 5 | 40 | |
| 2001 | 11 | 14th | 7th | 7th | 1 5 | 40 | |
| 2005 | 13 | 18th | 2 | 7th | 40 | ||
| 2010 | 10 | 16 | 4th | 8th | 2 6 | 40 | |
| 2015 | 10 | 10 | 8th | 6th | 4th | 2 6 | 40 |
1) 1949, 1954 WdU / VdU
2) 1983 ALW
3) Austrian Communist Party (1949 as LBI, 1953 as VO)
4) DFP
5) LIF
6) WIR - We in the First
literature
- Alois F. Mayer: District representatives in Vienna 1848 - 1934. Dissertation, Vienna 1986
- Josef Rauchberger (Hrsg.): District representatives in Vienna. Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-9011-1101-8 .
- Magistrate of the City of Vienna (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna / Yearbook of the City of Vienna
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jonny Moser; Wolfgang Neugebauer ; Anton Steier: Risen from the ruins. 40 years of the SPÖ Inner City 1945–1985. Vienna 1988, p. 12
- ↑ Report on the website of the Vienna daily newspaper Der Standard from September 1, 2015