Glandular globular thistle

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Glandular globular thistle
Glandular globe thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus)

Glandular globe thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Carduoideae
Tribe : Cynareae
Genre : Globe thistles ( Echinops )
Type : Glandular globular thistle
Scientific name
Echinops sphaerocephalus
L.

The glandular spherical thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus ), also called glandular spherical thistle or bee spherical thistle , is a species of the spherical thistle ( Echinops ) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

The glandular spherical thistle is a biennial to perennial, mostly hapaxanthe , rarely perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 60 to 180 cm. The whole plant is very hairy, at least on the reddish-brown, almost always branched stem . The upper side of the leaves (next to the glands) are short-bristled to stiff-haired, thistle-like, thorny toothed and lobed to pinnate.

Glandular globe thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus )
Glandular globe thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus )

The individual heads, each reduced to one flower, are in turn united to form a head-shaped, spherical, hedgehog-like overall inflorescence of the second order. The bracts and corolla are gray to metallic whitish, at most slightly grayish-blue. The blue stamens and the white crown create a contrasting effect. The corolla tube is 6 mm long. There is a stylus brush available.

The achenes are 6 to 10 mm long and have a crown-like wreath of hair ( pappus ).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30 or 32.

ecology

The glandular spherical thistle is a hemicryptophyte . It only blooms once in Central Europe. It forms “cup-shaped flowers” ​​that produce plenty of nectar . Pollinators are bees , wasps and butterflies ( entomophilia ).

The bracts close when wet and spread apart when the weather is dry. The spread takes place as animal shakers and by humans (garden refugees). Velcro spreading is also possible; Wind spread, however, questionable. Fruit ripens from September to October.

Occurrence

The glandular globular thistle is native to southern Europe , western and central Asia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Xinjiang . In several countries in Central Europe, Northern Europe and Eastern Europe, in Australia and in North America it is a neophyte. In Central Europe it is cultivated here and there as an ornamental and forage plant for bees and is occasionally found overgrown and naturalized, especially in dry and warm areas, on rubble sites, dams or banks. It prefers nutrient-rich, particularly stony soil. According to Ellenberg , it is a light plant, a heat indicator, distributed subcontinentally, more frequently to be found in nitrogen-rich locations and an association character of thistle communities in need of warmth (Onopordion acanthii). It occurs in Central Europe but also in societies of the Arction lappae association.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Echinops sphaerocephalus L. subsp. sphaerocephalus
  • Echinops sphaerocephalus subsp. albidus (Boiss. & Spruner) Kožuharov (Syn .: Echinops albidus Boiss. & Spruner ): It occurs in Italy, on the Balkan Peninsula, in Bulgaria and in Turkey.
  • Echinops sphaerocephalus subsp. taygeteus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kožuharov (Syn .: Echinops taygeteus Boiss. & Heldr. ): It occurs in Greece.

Common names

For the glandular spherical thistle, the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : black garden thistle, spherical thistle, virgin thistle, May thistle and white thistle.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  958 .
  2. ^ A b Echinops in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Echinops sphaerocephalus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 138. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Glandular Globular Thistle  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files