Globe thistles

Globe thistles
	Glandular globular thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus ), inflorescence
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Carduoideae
Tribe :	Cynareae
Genre :	Globe thistles
Scientific name
	Echinops
	L.

The Echinops ( Echinops ) are a plant kind from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration of the leaved globular thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus )

Vegetative characteristics

The spherical thistle species are perennial herbaceous plants . As survival organs, they form rhizomes . The independently upright stems are angular. The alternately arranged leaves are one to two pinnate and white, woolly and tomentose underneath.

Generative characteristics

The cups are single-flowered, have a hermaphrodite tubular flower and are surrounded by a multi-row envelope. Numerous cups form spherical inflorescences of the second order, which have a diameter of 4 to 8 centimeters. The cups bloom from top to bottom within a head. The corolla is tubular, divided almost to the bottom. The flower color is steel blue to white, the inflorescences as a whole are mostly bluish. The stamens are blue-gray.

The achenes are cylindrical, pentagonal and hairy adjacent to them. The pappus is short-scaled.

Banat ball thistle ( Echinops bannaticus )

Ruthenian globe thistle ( Echinops ritro )

Echinops setifer

Echinops spinosissimus subsp. spinosissimus on the island of Samos

Systematics and distribution

The genus Echinops was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Echinops is derived from the Greek ἐχῖνος echînos "hedgehog" and ὤψ ṓps "appearance, face" and refers to the resemblance of the heads to a curled up hedgehog.

The spherical thistles are placed within the subfamily Carduoideae in the tribe Cardueae and subtribe Echinopsidinae.

The globe thistles are found in Eurasia and Africa . There are around 120 species, twelve of which are found in Europe.

The species native to or occurring in Central Europe are:

Banat ball thistle ( Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. ): It comes from Southeastern Europe, is cultivated as an ornamental plant and rarely goes wild.

Glandular spherical thistle ( Echinops exaltatus Schrad. ): It is native to Eastern and Southeastern Europe, has been wild as an ornamental plant and partly naturalized since the 19th century.

Ruthenian ball thistle ( Echinops ritro L. ): It occurs in the Pannonian region and is endangered in Austria.

Glandular spherical thistle ( Echinops sphaerocephalus L. )

Other types (selection):

Echinops acantholepis Jaub. & Spach
Echinops adenocaulos Boiss. : It occurs in Jordan and Israel .
Echinops armatus Steven : This endemic occurs only in the Crimea .
Echinops cyrenaicus E.A. Durand & Barratte : It occurs only in Libya .
Echinops descendens hand .-- Mazz.
Echinops emiliae P.H.Davis : It occurs in Turkey .
Echinops foliosus Sommier & Levier : It occurs only in Georgia .
Echinops galalensis Schweinf.
Echinops glaberrimus DC.
Echinops graecus Mill .: It occurs in Greece .
Echinops heterophyllus P.H.Davis
Lower globe thistle ( Echinops humilis M.Bieb. ): The home is the Altai Mountains and southern Mongolia ; it occurs in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Xinjiang.
Echinops hussonii Boiss.
Echinops macrochaetus Fresen.
Echinops melitensis Hedge & Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops mersinensis Gemici & Leblebici : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops microcephalus Sm .: It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula , in Croatia , Serbia , Bulgaria , Romania , in European and Asian Turkey and on Greek and Turkish islands in the Aegean Sea.
Echinops onopordum P.H.Davis : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops opacifolius Ilyin : It occurs only in Azerbaijan .
Echinops orientalis Trautv.
Echinops ossicus K. Koch : It occurs in Turkey, the Caucasus region , Georgia and Azerbaijan.
Echinops oxyodontus Bornm. & Diels : It occurs in Bulgaria and Macedonia .
Echinops pannosus Rech. F. : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops phaeocephalus Hand .-- Mazz.
Echinops philistaeus Feinbrun & Zohary : It occurs in Israel and on the Sinai Peninsula .
Echinops polyacanthus Iljin : It occurs in Turkey, Armenia and Georgia.
Echinops polygamus Bunge
Echinops pungens Trautv.
Echinops sintenisii Freyn : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops spinosissimus Turra : It occurs in eight subspecies in southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia.
Echinops strigosus L .: It occurs in Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Portugal and Spain .
Echinops taeckholmianus A.Amin : It occurs in Egypt .
Echinops tournefortii Trautv.
Echinops transcaucasicus Iljin : It occurs in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.
Echinops vaginatus Boiss. & Hausskn. : It occurs in Turkey.
Echinops viridifolius Iljin : It occurs in the Caucasus region.

supporting documents

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ David J. Keil: Echinops , pp. 85-86 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .
^ ^A ^b Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Echinops In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Zhu Shi, Werner Greuter : Echinopeae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.
↑ Echinops in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Globe thistles ( Echinops ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[FoNA-1] David J. Keil: Echinops , pp. 85-86 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .

[Fischer2005-2] A ^b Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

[Euro+Med-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Echinops In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[FoC-4] Zhu Shi, Werner Greuter : Echinopeae - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.

[GRIN-5] Echinops in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.