Blue pillows
| Blue pillows | ||||||||||||
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Greek blue pillow ( Aubrieta deltoidea ) |
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| Aubrieta | ||||||||||||
| Adans. |
The blue pillows ( Aubrieta ), also called Aubrietien , are a genus of plants in the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae). The distribution area of the genus, which includes around 15 species, is in the Mediterranean and Western Asia . Varieties of several species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens .
description
The blue pillows are low-growing, perennial herbaceous plants that often form cushions or carpets. Stems and leaves are usually covered with simple and star-shaped or forked hair, rarely also bald. Their alternate leaves are linear to spatulate, undivided and with entire or roughly toothed edges.
The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. They have sagging inner and normal outer sepals . The petals are pink to purple, rarely almost white. The outer, shorter stamens have narrow-winged stamens and a tooth-like appendage. The style is separated from the fruit and persistent. The scar is heady.
The ovaries develop into sessile, linear pods or egg-shaped to spherical pods , their fruit valves are often weakly compressed and have a middle nerve. The numerous seeds sit in two rows each, are flat and wingless.
The basic chromosome number is x = 8.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Aubrieta was established in 1763 by the French botanist Michel Adanson . With the generic name Aubrieta he set a souvenir for the plant painter Claude Aubriet (1665–1742). The type species of the genus is Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC.
The genus of blue pillows ( Aubrieta ) is placed in the tribe Arabideae together with the genus rocky flowers ( Draba ) and some representatives of the former large genus Gosling cress ( Arabis ) .
The genus Aubrieta is distributed in the Mediterranean countries from southern France via Italy , the Balkans and Greece to Turkey and Iran . Some species are occasionally wild as " garden refugees " in warm temperate areas .
According to current knowledge, the genus Aubrieta consists of 14 species . Other editors distinguish between 12 and 20 types.
- Aubrieta anamasica Peşmen & Güner : It occurs in Turkey.
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Aubrieta canescens (Boiss.) Bornm. : It occurs from Turkey to Syria . There are two subspecies:
- Aubrieta canescens (Boiss.) Bornm. subsp. canescens
- Aubrieta canescens subsp. cilicica (Boiss.) Cullen
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Star-haired blue pillow ( Aubrieta columnae Guss. ): There are five subspecies:
- Aubrieta columnae cast. subsp. columnae : It is endemic to the Apennines .
- Aubrieta columnae subsp. bulgarica Ančev : It was first described from Bulgaria in 2007.
- Aubrieta columnae subsp. croatica (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Mattf. (Syn .: Aubrieta croatica Schott, Nyman & Kotschy ): It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula and in Romania .
- Aubrieta columnae subsp. italica (Boiss.) Mattf. : She is endemic to Monte Gargano in Italy.
- Aubrieta columnae subsp. pirinica Assenov : It occurs only in southern Bulgaria.
- Greek blue pillow ( Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. ): It occurs in Sicily, on the Balkan Peninsula, on Crete, in the Aegean Sea and in Armenia.
- Aubrieta erubescens Griseb. : She is endemic to Athos in northern Greece.
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Aubrieta gracilis Spruner ex Boiss. : There are three subspecies:
- Aubrieta gracilis subsp. glabrescens (Turrill) Akeroyd (Syn .: Aubrieta glabrescens Turrill ): It is endemic to northwestern Greece.
- Aubrieta gracilis Boiss. subsp. gracilis : It occurs in Greece.
- Aubrieta gracilis subsp. scardica (competition) Phitos (syn .: Aubrieta scardica (competition) Gustavsson ): It occurs in Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania and Greece.
- Aubrieta libanotica Boiss. : It occurs from Turkey to the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Aubrieta olympica Boiss. : It occurs in Asia Minor .
- Aubrieta parviflora Boiss. (Syn .: Aubrieta kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen. )
- Aubrieta pinardii Boiss. : It occurs in Asia Minor.
- Aubrieta schweinfurthiana Muschler : It occurs on the Arabian Peninsula .
- Aubrieta scyria Halácsy : She is endemic to the Greek island of Skyros .
- Aubrieta thessala Boissieu : She is endemic to Olympus in Greece.
- Aubrieta vulcanica Hayek & see : It occurs in Asia Minor.
use
Varieties of several species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants for walls and rock gardens .
Under the name garden blue cushions ( Aubrieta × cultorum ) different cultivars are summarized, some of which arose through crossing with the participation of Aubrieta deltoidea .
literature
- John R. Akeroyd, PW Ball: Aubrieta Adanson. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 356–358 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- O. Appel, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Cruciferae . In: Klaus Kubitzki, Clemens Bayer (Eds.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 5: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales, and non-betalain Caryophyllales . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2003, ISBN 3-540-42873-9 , pp. 107-108 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Lars-Åke Gustavsson: Aubrieta Adanson. In: Arne Strid (Ed.): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume One . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 1986, ISBN 0-521-25737-9 , pp. 268–274 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Johannes Mattfeld: The species of the genus Aubrieta. In: Quarterly Bulletin of the Alpine Garden Society of Great Britain. Volume 7, No. 2, 3, 1939, pp. 157-181, 217-227.
- Dimitrios Phitos: The genus Aubrieta in Greece. In: Candollea. Volume 25, No. 1, 1970, pp. 69-87.
- Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 10. Cruciferae (Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9108-09-2 , pp. 212-215.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michel Adanson: Familles des Plantes. Volume 2, Vincent, Paris 1763, p. 420 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, MA Beilstein, EA Kellogg: Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): an overview. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 259, No. 2-4, 2006, pp. 89-120, DOI: 10.1007 / s00606-006-0415-z .
- ↑ Suzanne I. Warwick, Connie A. Sauder, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Fernand Jacquemoud: Phylogenetic relationships in the tribes Anchonieae, Chorisporeae, Euclidieae, and Hesperideae (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 94, No. 1, 2007, pp. 56-78, [[DOI: 10.3417 / 0026-6493 (2007) 94 [56: PRITTA] 2.0.CO; 2]] ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae. AubrietaIn: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
- ↑ a b c Michael Zohary, Chaia Clara Heyn, David Heller: Conspectus Florae Orientalis. An Annotated Catalog of the Flora of the Middle East. Fascicle 1. Papaverales: Papaveraceae - Moringaceae. Rosales: Platanaceae - Neuradaceae. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 1980, ISBN 965-208-021-7 , p. 27.
- ^ Karl Heinz Rechinger: Aubrieta. In: Ian Hedge, Karl Heinz Rechinger: Flora Iranica. Flora of the Iranian highlands and the surrounding mountains. Volume 57: Cruciferae. Academic Printing and Publishing Company, Graz 1968.
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