Goosecress
Goosecress | ||||||||||||
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Blue rockcress ( arabis caerulea ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Arabis | ||||||||||||
L. |
The rock cress ( Arabis ) form a genus of plants in the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The rock cress species are annual, biennial to perennial herbaceous plants . The aboveground plant parts are hairy very differently depending on the species. The upright or ascending stems are usually clearly hairy.
The leaves stand together in basal rosettes and are distributed on the stem. The basal rosette consists of stalked or sessile leaves. The usually numerous stem leaves are usually sessile. The leaf blade is usually simple, rarely lyre-shaped pinnate. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. Their leaf base is heart-shaped or arrow-shaped, encompassing the stem. The leaf surface is glabrous or hairy.
Generative characteristics
The mostly simple, rarely branched, mostly racemose , rarely paniculate inflorescence usually contains no bracts.
The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four egg-shaped to elongated sepals have a membranous edge. The inner two sepals are weakly sagged at their base. The four clearly nailed, mostly spatula-shaped, elongated, obscure-lanceolate, rarely obovate petals are white, red, lavender, violet, blue or yellowish-white and their length is around half a centimeter. There are six stamens . In the ovary 10 to 86, often up to 110 ovules contained. The more or less clearly recognizable stylus ends in a cephalic or edged scar .
The more than 1 millimeter wide, mostly straight, rarely curved pods are flat, network-veined. They are not bumpy or constricted like a string of pearls. The seeds stand in a single row in the pod, they protrude to the middle of the septum and thus form a longitudinal line. They are alternately sunk into the septum of the pod. The septum is fully formed and without veins. For this reason, the fruit flaps are flat and hardly bumpy. The elongated to circular seeds are winged or edged.
The basic chromosome number is x = 8.
Systematics and distribution
The generic name Arabis was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The diagnosis in Genera Plantarum also belongs to the Protolog . Synonyms for Arabis L. are: Arabidium Spach , Arabisa Rchb. , Euxena Calest. , Hylandra Á.Löve , Parryodes Jafri , Shortia Raf. , Stenophragma Čelak.
The genus Arabis belongs to the tribe Arabideae within the family Brassicaceae .
The genus Arabis comprises around 70 species worldwide, 30 of which are found in Europe. These numbers apply if the genera Turritis and Fourraea are separated from Arabis . Most of the North American species were placed in the genus Boechera .
The species native to Central Europe are:
- Alpine rockcress ( Arabis alpina L. )
- Auricular rockcress ( Arabis auriculata Lam. )
- Blue rock cress, blue cress ( Arabis caerulea Haenke )
- Hill rock cress , wall rock cress ( Arabis collina Ten. ): It occurs in southern Europe, western Europe, central Europe and south-eastern Europe.
- Golden rock cress ( Arabis ciliata Clairv. )
- Coarse-haired rock cress , also hairy rock cress, meadow rock cress ( Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. )
- Dwarf rockcress iwS ( Arabis pumila agg.):
- Fork-haired dwarf rockcress ( Arabis bellidifolia Cr. , Syn .: Arabis pumila Jacq. )
- Star hair dwarf rockcress ( Arabis stellulata Bertol. )
- Rock rock cress ( Arabis nova Vill. ): According to Euro + Med, it occurs in Southern Europe, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
- Flat- potted rockcress ( Arabis planisiliqua (Pers.) Rchb .; Syn .: Arabis nemorensis (Hoffm.) WDJKoch )
- Arrow rockcress , arrow-leaved rockcress ( Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. )
- Brook rock cress , gloss rock cress, jacquin rock cress ( Arabis soyeri Reuter et Huet , Syn .: Arabis jacquinii G.Beck ): It comes to Euro + Med in Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia , Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania.
- Sudeten rockcress ( Arabis sudetica Tausch ): It occurs in the Czech Republic, Austria, the Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and Turkey.
- Wocheiner Cress ( Arabis vochinensis Spreng. )
Other types are (selection):
- Arabis aculeolata Greene : This endemic occurs only in Oregon.
- Arabis alaschanica Maxim. : It thrives at altitudes of 2300 to 4200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Nei Mongol , Ningxia , Qinghai , Shanxi and Sichuan .
- Allionis rockcress ( Arabis allionii DC. ): It occurs in France , Italy , Romania and the Ukraine .
- Arabis amplexicaulis Edgew. : It occurs in Afghanistan , Bhutan , India , Kashmir , Nepal , Pakistan and in Tibet .
- Arabis androsacea Fenzl :
- Arabis armena N.Busch
- Arabis aubrietioides Boiss.
- Arabis aucheri Boiss.
- Arabis axilliflora (Jafri) H.Hara : It occurs in Bhutan and in southern Tibet.
- Arabis balansae Boiss. & Reut.
- Arabis bijuga G.Watt : It occurs in Kashmir, Pakistan, Yunnan and Sichuan.
- Arabis blepharophylla Hook. & Arn. : She is endemic to California .
- Arabis borealis Ledeb.
- Arabis brachycarpa Rupr.
- Arabis bryoides Boiss. : It occurs in Greece , Macedonia and Albania .
- Arabis carduchorum Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey .
- Caucasian rock cress ( Arabis caucasica Willd. , Also referred to as Arabis alpina subsp. Caucasica (Willd.) Briq. To Arabis alpina L. )
- Arabis christiani N.Busch
- Arabis colchica Kolak.
- Arabis conringioides ball
- Arabis cretica Boiss. & Hero.
- Arabis crucisetosa Constance & Rollins
- Arabis cypria Holmb. : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus .
- Arabis deflexa Boiss.
- Arabis doumetii Coss. : It occurs in Algeria .
- Arabis drabiformis Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Arabis Erubescens Ball
- Arabis eschscholtziana Andrz.
- Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii Kellerer & Sünd. : This endemic occurs only in southwestern Bulgaria .
- Arabis flagellosa Miquel : It occurs in Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Jiangsu , Jiangxi and Zhejiang .
- Arabis formosana (Masam. Ex SFHuang) Liu & Ying
- Arabis fruticulosa C.A. Meyer : It occurs in Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Mongolia , Pakistan and Xinjiang .
- Arabis furcata S.Watson : It occurs in the US states of Oregon and Washington .
- Arabis gemmifera (Matsumura) Makino ex Hara
- Arabis georgiana R.M. Harper : It occurs in the US states of Alabama and Georgia .
- Arabis graellsiiformis hedge
- Arabis hornungiana Schur : It occurs in Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria and the Ukraine.
- Arabis humbertii Quezel
- Arabis ionocalyx Boiss. : It occurs in the area of Lebanon and Syria.
- Arabis josiae Jahand. & Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
- Arabis juressi Rothm. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
- Arabis kazbegi Mtskhvet.
- Arabis kennedyae Meikle : This endemic occurs only in Cyprus.
- Arabis kokonica Regel & Schmalhausen : It occurs in Xinjiang.
- Arabis laxa Sm . : It occurs in Greece, Macedonia, Cyprus, Armenia and Israel .
- Arabis macdonaldiana Eastw. : She is endemic to northwestern California.
- Arabis margaritae Talavera
- Arabis modesta Rollins : It occurs in the US states of California and Oregon.
- Arabis montbretiana Boiss.
- Arabis nordmanniana Rupr.
- Arabis nuttallii (Kuntze) BLRobinson : It occurs in Canada in Alberta and British Columbia and in the US states Idaho , Montana , Utah , Washington and Wyoming .
- Arabis olympica Piper : It occurs in Washington.
- Arabis oregana Howell ex Greene : It occurs in the US states of California and Oregon.
- Arabis pangiensis Watt : It was first described from the Himalayas.
- Arabis paniculata Franchet : It occurs in Kashmir, Nepal, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Guizhou , Hubei , Shaanxi , Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Arabis parvula Dufour : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Spain.
- Arabis patens Sullivant : It is found in the eastern United States.
- Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. : The home is the Balkan Peninsula and Romania.
- Arabis pterosperma Edgew. : It occurs in Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Pakistan, Nepal, Sikkim , Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai , Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Arabis pubescens (Desf.) Poir. : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
- Arabis purpurea Sm .: This endemic occurs only in Cyprus.
- Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins : It occurs in two varieties in East Asia and in North America.
- Arabis rosea DC.
- Arabis sachokiana (N.Busch) N.Busch
- Arabis sadina (Samp.) Cout. : It occurs in Portugal.
- Arabis saxicola Edgew. : It was first described from the Himalayas.
- Rough rockcress ( Arabis scabra All. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Switzerland and Great Britain.
- Krainer Cress ( Arabis scopoliana Boiss. ): The home is the Balkan Peninsula and perhaps Italy.
- Arabis serotina E. Steel : It is only found in the US states of Virginia and West Virginia .
- Quendula rockcress ( Arabis serpillifolia Vill. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Albania and the former Yugoslavia .
- Arabis serrata Franch. & Sav. : It occurs in Japan, Korea , Taiwan and Anhui .
- Arabis setosifolia Al-Shehbaz : It was first described from Tibet in 2002.
- Arabis stelleri DC. : It occurs in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Russia.
- Arabis stenocarpa Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
- Arabis subflava B. MG Jones
- Arabis surculosa N. Terracc. : It occurs in Italy, Serbia , Montenegro , Macedonia and Albania.
- Arabis tenuirostris O.E. Schulz : It was first described from Kashmir.
- Arabis tibetica Hook. f. & Thomson : It occurs in Tibet, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Tajikistan.
- Arabis tunetana Murb.
- Arabis Verdieri Quezel
- Spring rockcress ( Arabis verna (L.) R.Br. )
- Arabis werneri Emb. & Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
Outsourced species are:
- Towerwort , also bald rockcress ( Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. → Turritis glabra L. )
- Armblütige Gänsekresse or carbon cress ( Arabis pauciflora (Grimm) Garcke → Fourraea alpina (L.) Greuter & Burdet )
- Tower sicklepod , Arch sicklepod, Arch fruit sicklepod ( Arabis turrita L. → Pseudoturritis turrita (L.) Al-Shehbaz )
- Arabis pendula L. → Catolobus pendula (L.) Al-Shehbaz
swell
literature
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , Arabis , pp. 113 (English, online ). (Section description)
- Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Arabis. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 , pp. 257 (English, online ). (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 664 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum. 5th edition. Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1754, p. 298 ( digitized ).
- ^ A b c d e Arabis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- ^ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Transfer of most North American species of Arabis to Boechera (Brassicaceae). In: Novon. Volume 13, No. 4, 2003, pp. 381-391 (online) .
- ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae. : Arabis. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Arabis . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 7, New York and Oxford 2010: [ww.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=102393 Arabis - online. ]
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. : Arabis Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae .
- ↑ Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 54 ( online ).
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 10. Cruciferae (Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9108-09-2 , p. 206.