Bolotnaya trial

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Moscow, May 6, 2012. Police line the Great Stone Bridge

The Bolotnaya Trial (more correctly: the “Bolotnaya Case” or the “Bolotnaya Trials”) is a case of alleged mass riots (Art. 212 StGB RF) and the use of violence against which the investigative committee of the Russian Federation has investigated and, in some cases, has been charged State representative (Art. 318 StGB RF), who is said to have occurred during the protest action " March of the Millions " on May 6, 2012 when the demonstrators marched from the Jakimanka to Bolotnaya Square in Moscow. The Bolotnaya Trial is a collective term and consists of the individually conducted and already ended criminal proceedings against Mikhail Kossenko, Maxim Lusjanin, Konstantin Lebedev, the "Trial of the Twelve", which has also ended, and the combination of criminal proceedings against the head of the "Left Front" Sergei Udaltsov and Leonid Rasvosschajew (main trial is imminent).

A total of 27 people are accused, including four women. One figurine committed suicide, three were convicted, 15 people are in custody, three are under house arrest and one has emigrated abroad. More than 1,300 witnesses were interviewed, the majority of them from security structures. In the course of the investigations, the apartments of Alexei Navalny , Sergei Udalzow , Xenija Sobchak , Boris Nemtsov , Ilya Yashin and Pyotr Versilov were searched. 200 members of the investigative committee took part in the investigation.

The prosecutions under the Bolotnaya case are still ongoing. Maksim Panfilov was arrested in April 2016. Dmitry Butschenkov was arrested on December 2, 2016. He is currently out of prison and is currently under house arrest.

According to the " Novaya Gazeta ", the investigators described the process as politically motivated in private discussions. The human rights organization Amnesty International has classified three of the accused as political prisoners.

To support the figurants of the Bolotnaya process, a committee called the “Committee May 6” was established.

The accused

Vladimir Akimenkov

Born 1987, activist of the organization “Left Front”. Was in custody from June 10, 2012 to mid-December 2013 and was amnestied on December 19, 2013 on the basis of the Amnesty Act passed by the Duma on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Russian Constitution. He was accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF). Akimenkov is said to have thrown a flagpole at a police officer. The charges are based solely on the testimony of OMON policeman Yegorov. He always protested his innocence.

Because of Akimenkov's congenital eye disease, several politicians and human rights activists such as Ilya Ponomarjow and Lyudmila Alexejewa campaigned for Akimenkov to receive adequate medical care. During the trial on October 29, Akimenkov complained about the deterioration in his eyesight.

Oleg Archipenkov

Born 1985, employee of a tourism agency. He was arrested on June 10, 2012, but on May 6, he was not in Bolotnaya Square but in Theater Square , which is also recorded in the court records. He is accused of participating in mass riots. After two months in custody, he was released on condition not to leave the country. The indictment remains. Archipenkov is not a member of any political movement or party.

Andrei Barabanov

Born 1990, artist, convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve". Barabanov was arrested on May 28, 2012 and was held in custody until the sentence was pronounced on February 24, 2014. He was charged with calling for mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 3 StGB RF) and the use of force against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF). Thus he faced a maximum sentence of 13 years in prison. Barabanov reportedly kicked an OMON unit. He has admitted guilty of Article 318 but denies guilty of Article 212 as he believes there has been no mass unrest. The court found Barabanov guilty on February 21, 2014, and on February 24, 2014 set the sentence to 3 years and 7 months imprisonment without parole.

During the trial in the "Trial of the Twelve" Barabanov's lawyer Svetlana Sidorkina stated that Barabanov had apologized to the injured party. The latter is said to have accepted the apology and agreed to discontinue the proceedings. However, his pre-trial detention was extended to February 24, 2014.

Maria Baronova

Maria Baronova in a Moscow court during her trial

Born in 1984, member of the December 5th Party. On June 21, 2012, charges were brought against them for inciting mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 3 StGB RF), which resulted in a maximum of 2 years imprisonment. Maria Boronova was not allowed to leave the country during the preliminary investigation and during the "Trial of the Twelve". On December 19, 2013, Maria Baronova was given amnesty under the Amnesty Act passed by the Duma on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Russian Constitution.

Fyodor Bachow

Born 1981, chemist. Bachow was arrested on June 10th. He is accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF), for which the maximum sentence of eight years stands. On the advice of the public defender, Bachow confessed and was immediately detained for two months. After getting a lawyer hired by human rights organizations, Bachow immediately retracted his confession. He spent five months in custody and was conditionally released on November 6, 2012. Since then, Bachow has not been allowed to leave the country, the charges remain.

Yaroslav Belousov

Born 1991, student at Lomonosov University , accused in the "Trial of the Twelve", has one son. Belousov was arrested on June 9, 2012 and was in custody from then on until the verdict. He is accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF). He allegedly threw a billiard ball at an OMON policeman. The indictment is based on the testimony of the injured Filippov.

For Belousov of have Duma -Abgeordnete Tetjochin and about 10 municipal deputies vouched. The Moscow courts continued to extend his pre-trial detention, even though his relatives were willing to pay bail.

Yaroslav Belousov was found guilty on February 21, 2014. The sentence announced on February 24, 2014 is 2 years and 6 months imprisonment.

Ilya Gushchin

Born 1988, student in psychology. According to the investigation committee, Gushchin was said to have held a police officer by his clothing on May 6, 2012 and thus prevented him from arresting another demonstrator. Gushchin was arrested on February 6, 2013; he was accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) as well as using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF).

Alexandra Naumowa (Duchanina)

Born 1993, student at Lomonosov University , convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve". Duchanina was arrested on May 27, 2012 and was under house arrest until the sentence was pronounced on February 24, 2014. She was accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF). According to the indictment, Duchanina is said to have thrown chunks of asphalt at OMON units. The police officers are said to have suffered reddened skin and pain.

In April 2013, the writer Vladimir Voinowitsch stood up for Duchanina in a video message. According to Voinowitsch, Alexandra Duchanina's biography is short but interesting. In addition, it is not possible to see exactly what object Duchanina was throwing in the photos that serve as evidence. In addition, the police officer concerned did not confirm that he had suffered any damage. Furthermore, Voinowitsch does not believe that such a young woman could injure such a well-protected OMON police officer.

On July 26, 2013, Duchanina married her boyfriend Artyom Naumov and took his family name. Duchanina was found guilty on February 21, 2014 and the sentence was pronounced on February 24, 2014. She was the only one of the eight convicted to receive a suspended sentence of 3 years and 3 months.

Alexei Gaskarov

Born 1985, one of the spokesmen for the Russian anti-fascist movement , 27th and thus the last defendant in the Bolotnaya trial. Gaskarov was initially questioned as a witness. The status changed after witnesses are said to have recognized him. Gaskarow was arrested on April 28, 2013 and has been in custody ever since. On March 5, 2014, a Moscow court extended his pre-trial detention until April 28, 2014. He is accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF). On May 28, 2012, Gaskarow himself filed a complaint of bodily harm on the part of OMON units.

Stepan Simin

Born in 1992, student at the Faculty of Political Science at the Russian State University of Humanities, convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve". He was accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 StGB RF). The charge is based on the testimony of the injured OMON police officer. After he didn't recognize Simin at first, he later incriminated him and claimed that Simin should have thrown a chunk of asphalt and broken his finger. According to an expert opinion, the finger was not broken by an impact, but by twisting it. Simin was held in custody until the sentence was announced on February 24, 2014. The sentence is 3 years and 6 months imprisonment. The guilty verdict itself was pronounced on February 21, 2014.

Nikolai Kawkassky

Born 1986, lawyer, human rights activist, activist of a left-wing movement, formerly accused in the "Trial of the Twelve". Kawkassky was arrested on July 25, 2012. He is accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF), for which a maximum sentence of two years is available. Kawkassky is said to have hit a police officer. An independent investigation by journalists from the Internet portal Grani.ru came to the conclusion that Kawkassky could not have hit the policeman, on the contrary, he turned away from the beating.

Kawkassky suffers from a wide variety of diseases. His lawyers pointed this out several times with certificates, but according to his own statements, his health deteriorated further while in custody. Kawkassky was in custody until August 2, 2013, after which the measure was changed to house arrest. On December 19, 2013, the case against Kawkassky was dropped. Kawkassky was given amnesty and house arrest was lifted. Kawkassky always protested his innocence.

Alexandr Kamensky

Born in 1977, member of the non-registered party “Other Russia”, with the status of a suspect. Kamensky was held in Teatralnaya Square on May 6, 2012 and arrested on June 10. However, no charges were brought, whereby Kamensky was released on June 20 under a travel ban. The investigation continues on the basis of all three paragraphs of Article 212 of the Criminal Code RF.

Elena Kochtaryova

Born 1955, pensioner. Kochtyarova is accused of throwing bottles and other objects at police officers in Bolotnaya Square during mass riots on May 6, and of using violence against two police officers who were trying to arrest a man. On March 25, 2013, Kochtaryova was questioned by the investigating judges and, according to their statements, admitted that she participated in mass riots and used violence against police officers. Kochtaryova is at large but is not allowed to leave the country.

Mikhail Kossenko

Born 1975. Kossenko has a 2nd degree disability due to an injury sustained during military service. Kossenko is accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) as well as the use of force against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) in a way that is dangerous to life and health. There is a maximum sentence of 18 years in prison. Kossenko allegedly hit the policeman's body "several times with his hand and once with his foot." He was arrested on June 8, 2012.

More than ten years ago, Kossenko reported his disability. The responsible doctors and psychologists classified it as adequate and not dangerous. Kossenko regularly took medication, which he found difficult to access while in custody.

An expertise carried out at the instigation of the investigative committee by the Serbsky Science Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry classified Kossenko as not sane. Experts from the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia analyzed the expertise and questioned the conclusions. Thereupon the May 6th Committee turned to the World Psychiatric Association with a request to examine the expertise on Mikhail Kossenko.

The trial of Mikhail Kossenko began on November 9, 2012. His mother died on September 6, 2013. The journalist Soja Svetova turned to the chairman of the Moscow Court of Justice with a request to allow Mikhail to attend his mother's funeral. This request was refused.

OMON policeman Alexander Kasmin, who appeared as a victim as a witness in the trial, admitted that he had not seen Kossenko among the attackers and did not remember him. Two other OMON police, however, supported the prosecution's version. On October 8, 2013, Kossenko was found guilty on both counts, but was forcibly admitted to a closed psychiatric clinic for insanity.

On October 3, 2013, Amnesty International declared Mikhail Kosenko a political prisoner.

On June 11, 2014, at the request of the clinic, the forced admission to compulsory outpatient treatment was reduced. Kossenko was released home and has to see a doctor regularly from then on.

Leonid Kovyazin

Born 1986, actor, journalist, the only one among the accused who is not from Moscow. He was arrested on September 5, 2012 in Kirov and transferred to Moscow. He was accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF). The reason for the charges is that Kovyazin is said to have knocked over six toilets. He admitted that they helped move the outhouses (there are only three according to photos and videos), but only to protect people from the attacking OMON units. He does not see himself as a participant in mass unrest.

Kovyasin's lawyer Ruslan Chanidze presented the court with a guarantee from some of the Kirov cultural workers. The editor-in-chief of the newspaper in which Kovyazin had worked repeatedly offered to leave a deposit of 750,000 rubles. During the trial of a defense complaint on November 28, 2012, numerous letters of recommendation were submitted by journalists and editors from various media. However, the complaint was rejected and Kovyazin was held in custody until his amnesty on December 19, 2013. He has always denied his guilt.

Sergei Krivov

Born 1961, married, father of two, member of the RPR-PARNAS party , convicted in the “Trial of the Twelve”. He was accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 Article 1 StGB RF). Krivov is said to have taken the baton from a policeman and hit him with it. However, one does not see a single blow of Krivov in the videos of evidence, and another person stole the baton. According to the indictment, Krivov hit the policeman's hands with a baton, which resulted in bruises on his back. Krivov himself considers himself not guilty.

After his pre-trial detention was extended on December 14, 2012, Krivov announced a hunger strike to force his release. On January 14, 2013, the appeal for the prolongation of detention was also denied, and on February 28 of the same year it was extended to July 6. He remained in custody until the sentence was announced on February 24, 2014. The guilty verdict was previously issued on February 21. Krivov was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment without parole. It is the highest sentence of all eight convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve".

Konstantin Lebedew

Born 1979, was a member of the parties Other Russia , RPR-PARNAS and the Russian Socialist Movement. Lebedev was summoned to interrogate by the committee of inquiry in October 2012 after the broadcast of the documentary "The Anatomy of Protest", in which left activists were accused of calling for mass unrest and planning to take over power in some regions of Russia. On October 17, 2012, he was arrested and charged with organizing and preparing the mass riots in Bolotnaya Square on May 6. Konstantin Lebedev made a comprehensive confession. On April 26, 2013, Lebedev was found guilty and sentenced to two years and six months in prison.

Maxim Lusjanin

Born 1976, businessman. He was arrested on May 28, 2012 and charged with participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). Lusjanin allegedly attacked special forces, causing one of the men to have injured his teeth. Lusjanin pleaded guilty, thereby avoiding the prosecution's evidence of guilt. The verdict was pronounced on November 9, 2012, and Maxim Lusjanin was sentenced to 4.5 years in prison.

Denis Lutskevich

Year of birth 1992, student, convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve". Lutskewitsch was accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). He is said to have snatched the helmet from an OMON policeman and threw chunks of asphalt. The indictment was based on the testimony of the injured Alexei Traerin. After the events on Bolotnaya Square, Traerin received an apartment paid for by the state as compensation. Lutskevich himself denies the allegations. He only helped a young woman who was dragged away by OMON units. Lutskewitsch is the only one of the defendants who shows numerous traces of injuries to his back, ear and head. Reddening of the back can be seen in photos taken during the arrest.

Lutskevich's lawyer Dmitri Dinse submitted several letters of recommendation from the workplace, the university and the neighbors to the court. His mother agreed to give her apartment worth more than 4 million rubles as a bail. Nevertheless, the pre-trial detention was extended several times and ultimately until the sentence was pronounced on February 24, 2014. Denis Lutskewitsch was found guilty on February 21, 2014. Lutskewitsch was sentenced to 3 years and 6 months imprisonment.

Alexander Margolin

Born 1971, deputy head of a publishing company, 21st arrested person in the Bolotnaya trial. Margolin is accused of participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using force against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). He is said to have knocked an OMON policeman to the ground during the clashes . The videos on which the charges are based were not shown in court. Margolin will remain in custody at least until February 4, 2014.

Alexei Polichowitsch

Born 1990, student, insurance employee, convicted in the "Trial of the Twelve". Polichowitsch was arrested on July 26, 2012. He was charged with participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using force against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). According to the indictment, Polichowitsch freed an arrested person from the grips of the OMON police officer and injured the police officer's hand. The charges were based on the testimony of the injured party and on video recordings. Polichowitsch, like all eight defendants who remained after the nationwide amnesty, was found guilty in the "Trial of the Twelve" on February 21, 2014. The sentence, which was announced on February 24, 2014, provides for a prison sentence of 3 years and 6 months.

Leonid Razvoshayev

Born 1973, businessman. Rasvosschajew is married and has two children. He has been politically active since 1998 and a member of the “Left Front” movement. He worked as an employee of the Duma deputy Ilya Ponomarev. Rasvosschajew was summoned to an interview by the investigative committee in October 2012 after the broadcast of the documentary "The Anatomy of Protest", in which left activists were accused of calling for mass unrest and planning to take over power in some regions of Russia. Razvosschajew then left Russia and went to Kiev to apply for political asylum there. On October 19, 2012, Rasvosschajew was kidnapped in Kiev in front of the UNHCR building and taken back to Russia. During that time, Razvoshaev said he was tortured for two days, after which he signed an admission of guilt. A few days later, on October 25, 2012, Rasvosschajew retracted his confession and has been waiting in custody for the start of the joint trial against him and Sergei Udalzov for planning and organizing a crime (Art. 30, Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code RF) as well as for planning and organization of mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 1 StGB RF).

Dmitri Rukavishnikov

Born in 1977, head of the regional department of the Left Front movement in Ivanovo, employee of Duma deputy Ilya Ponomarev. Rukavishnikov was arrested on April 2, 2013; he is accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF). Rukavischnikov is said to have tried to knock over a mobile toilet on May 6, 2012 on Bolotnaya Square. His pre-trial detention is ordered until February 6, 2014.

Anastassija Rybachenko

Born on September 11, 1991, activist of the " Solidarnost " movement , resides abroad, was granted amnesty in December 2013.

On 6 May 2012, Rybatschenko held towards the end of the rally on Bolotnaya Square for five days. In July 2012, her mother's home was ransacked. At that time Rybachenko was in Germany and decided not to return to Russia for the time being. On September 11, 2012, Rybachenko was put out to a manhunt nationwide; In December 2012, charges were finally brought against him for participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF). These offenses provide for a maximum penalty of up to eight years in prison.

Rybachenko is currently in Estonia, where she enrolled at the Tallinn University of Technology for a Bachelor's degree in International Relations. In Russia, Rybachenko was de-registered after investigators showed up at her university where she is studying political science.

In October 2013, by order of the Moscow City Court, Rybachenko was convicted in absentia and posted for an international search. According to Rybachenko, the application was submitted to Interpol in June 2013. The Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip , then advised that Rybachenko should turn to Estonia officially and, at best, apply for political asylum. This process is completely apolitical and he is sure that the application will be approved. In response to this, Rybachenko published an open letter to Andrus Ansip, in which she pointed out that Interpol had to comply with Article 3 of its own constitution, which prohibits the politically persecuted from being written out for international search. If Interpol complies with its own constitution, it will not need to apply for asylum, said Rybachenko. Rather, it is her wish to return to Russia at some point.

As part of the nationwide amnesty, Rybachenko was given amnesty in December 2013. She was then deleted from the wanted list.

Artyom Savyolov

Born 1979, accused in the "Trial of the Twelve", political prisoner according to Amnesty International estimates . Zavyolov was arrested at his first demonstration on May 6, 2012. Among other things, he is said to have shouted the phrase "Down with the police state!" According to acquaintances and friends, Zavyolov stutters so violently that he can hardly finish a sentence correctly. On June 9, 2012, Zavyolov was arrested and charged with participating in mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF) and using violence against state representatives (Art. 318 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). He is said to have grabbed a police officer by the arm and tried to drag him into an "aggressive group of people". The charges are based on the testimony of an OMON police officer who refused to classify Zavyolov's actions as violence.

The lawyer Zavyolov pointed out his heart problems and asked for medical attention. Zavyolov's father agreed to leave a bail of 540,000 rubles. Nevertheless, the pre-trial detention was repeatedly extended until February 24, 2014, the day the sentence was announced. The guilty verdict itself was issued on February 21, 2014. Zavyolov has to serve a prison sentence of 2 years and 7 months.

Richard Sobolev

Born in 1990, electrical engineer, currently looking for work. Sobolev was held in Theater Square in Moscow on May 6, 2012 and arrested on June 10, 2012. He is accused of participating in mass riots (Art. 212 Paragraph 2 StGB RF). He was released on August 9, 2012 under a travel ban, but the allegations remain.

Sergei Udaltsov

Born 1977, lawyer, left-wing opposition politician, one of the organizers of the protests in winter 2011/2012 . After the broadcast of the documentary "The Anatomy of Protest", in which left activists were accused of calling for mass unrest and planning to take over power in some regions of Russia, an investigation was started against Udaltsov and on June 19, 2013, for planning and organizing a crime (Art 30 Paragraph 1 StGB RF) as well as charges against him and Razvoshev for planning and organizing mass unrest (Art. 212 Paragraph 1 StGB RF). Udaltsov is said to have accepted money from the then Georgian MP Givi (Georgi) Targamadze and planned mass unrest and attacks across Russia and prepared the mass unrest in Bolotnaya Square on May 6, 2012. Initially, a court ordered Udaltsov not to leave his place of residence without permission, but changed it to house arrest in February 2013 after non-compliance. He is not allowed to use the telephone or the internet and is not allowed to contact the press. In December 2013 the court referred the case back to the Investigative Committee for review.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ - ( Memento of January 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  2. ↑ Guilty verdict in Bolotnaya trial: Defendant has to go to psychiatry  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Russia TODAY, original from October 8, 2013, accessed January 4, 2014.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / russland-heute.de  
  3. ↑ Kremlin attacks opposition leaders - in their apartments ( Memento from June 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Russland HEUTE, original from June 11, 2012, accessed on January 4, 2014.
  4. ↑ Максим Панфилов | ОВД-Инфо . In: ОВД-Инфо . ( ovdinfo.org [accessed November 8, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Amnesty International: “Prisoners of Bolotnaya” Maksim Panfilov, the latest victim of a politically-motivated prosecution. (PDF) April 12, 2016, accessed November 8, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Bolotnaya case defendant Buchenkov released from jail, put under house arrest. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 5, 2018 ; accessed on November 8, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Namely Akimenkow, Sawelow and Kossenko: Peaceful protesters standing trial in Bolotnaya case should beimmediately released press release from Amnesty International of October 3, 2013, accessed on January 4, 2013 (English).
  8. ↑ Wladimir Akimenkow from “Bolotnaja 3” freely. Accessed on January 4, 2014 (German).
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  42. ↑ More and more members of the opposition are leaving Russia - “Nesavisimaya Gazeta” In: RIA Novosti . Original from July 13, 2012, accessed on January 8, 2014 (German).
  43. ↑ Ansip Suggests Russian Activist Apply for Asylum In: news.err.ee. Original from November 1, 2013, accessed January 8, 2014.
  44. ↑ The Interpol Constitution.Retrieved March 11, 2014
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  52. ↑ Not all are free In: Zeit Online. Original from December 28, 2013, accessed on January 9, 2014 (German).