Boronia fraseri
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Boronia fraseri , drawing by WH Fitch (1844) |
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Boronia fraseri is a species ofthe rhombus family (Rutaceae). This Australian species grows as a shrub up to two meters high with purple flowers in the vicinity of Sydney , where it can be found in damp hardwood forests and in the rainforest . Its small capsule fruits explode when vibrated and throw the seeds away.
Boronia fraseri was first described by William Jackson Hooker in 1843 and is close to the very similar species Boronia keysii within the genus Coral diamonds ( Boronia ) . Since Boronia fraseri has a comparatively small distribution area and is not considered common, it is listed as "rare" on the list of Rare and Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP).
description
Appearance
Boronia fraseri grows as a shrub and reaches heights of 0.5 to 2 meters. The trunks branch out near the ground. The clearly square branches have a bark that is bare or sparsely covered with star hair.
leaves
The cross-opposite leaves on the branches have stems 2 to 30 mm long. The unpaired pinnate leaf blade has three to seven pinnate leaves on a 6 to 30 mm long, winged rhachis leaf . The leaflets are opposite each other. They are bare and with a length of 10 to 60 mm and a width of 3 to 15 mm elliptical to broadly elliptical or obovate with a blunt upper end. The terminal leaflet is the longest. The leaf margins are smooth and curved back. The description in Bentham differs from this, where the terminal leaflet is elongated-lanceolate with a length of 2.5 to 4 centimeters. The underside of the leaf is lighter than the upper side.
Inflorescences and flowers
The zymous inflorescences , standing on the side on a short inflorescence stem, contain two to six flowers. The flower stalks are 6 to 16 mm long. The hermaphrodite flowers are four-fold with a double flower envelope . The four tomentose-haired, free sepals are broad-egg-shaped, relatively short and straight. The four tomentose-haired, free petals spread out in a cross-shape are bright pink to purple and 6 to 10 millimeters long; they are also still present on the fruits. The petals have a distinct median nerve and the bud cover is valvate, so they touch. The four fertile stamens have anthers with a tiny pointed upper end. The four staminodes have bare stamens. The disc is thick. Four carpels stand together to form an upper ovary . The ovary has four chambers that are clearly visible on the outside. Each ovary chamber contains two ovules . The stylus ends in a small, head-shaped scar .
The flowering time is in spring.
fruit
The small split fruits disintegrate into bald partial fruits, which usually only contain one, rarely two seeds. The split fruits explode when shaken and throw the partial fruits away.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.
Distribution and occurrence
Boronia fraseri grows exclusively in the region around Sydney , mainly along the coastal plateau and the southeastern foothills of the Blue Mountains . Proved Boronia fraseri in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park , the Blue Mountains National Park and the Brisbane Water National Park . Another possible occurrence is in Popran National Park . In the late 20th century, deposits around Wyong , Cessnock , Karuah and Port Stephens were discovered, so that the known distribution area also extends northward over the Hawkesbury River .
Streams, rivulets and gullies are the preferred locations for Boronia fraseri . Both hard-leaf and rainforests come into question as vegetation communities . It thrives on soils that developed over sandstone , which is common in the region.
Systematics and taxonomy
This species was first published in 1842 under the name Boronia anemonifolia by J. Paxton in Paxton's Magazine of Botany 9, p. 123, Plate. It was first published under the name Boronia fraseri by William Jackson Hooker in 1843 on plate 4052 of his multi-volume work The Botanical Magazine . is considered a valid initial description . The specific epithet fraseri is intended to honor Charles Fraser , the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney.
Within the genus Boronia , Boronia fraseri is in the Valvatae section and there in turn in the Fraseriae subsection . Its sister species is Boronia keysii from the southwest coast of Queensland .
Endangerment status
Since Boronia fraseri has an estimated distribution area of less than 100 km in diameter and is not considered common, it is listed on the list of Rare and Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP) in category 2RCa (rarely with a small distribution area but significant occurrences in protected areas).
swell
literature
- Stephen AJ Bell: The natural vegetation of Gosford Local Government Area, Central Coast, New South Wales: Part 1 - Technical Report. 2004. OCLC [ https://worldcat.org/oclc/225309200
225309200] ( Trove Metadata )
- George Bentham, Ferdinand von Müller: Flora Australiensis: A Description of the Plants of the Australian Territory. London 1863. Google Book Online. : Boronia fraseri on page 315.
- Marco F. Duretto and Pauline Y. Ladiges: A Cladistic Analysis of Boronia Section Valvatae (Rutaceae). In: Australian Systematic Botany 11 (6), 1999. doi : 10.1071 / sb97040 , pp. 635-665.
- Belinda Jane Pellow, Belinda Pellow, Murray Henwood, Roger Carolin: Flora of the Sydney Region. Sydney University Press, Sydney 2009. ISBN 1920899308 .
- Fucheng Shan, Guijun Yan & Julie A. Plummer: Karyotype evolution in the genus Boronia (Rutaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (3), 2003. pp. 309-320.
- PH Weston & MF Duretto, 1999 New South Wales Flora Online .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Bell 2004 , p. 49.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Pellow et al. 2009 , p. 329.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l PH Weston & MF Duretto, 1999 New South Wales Flora Online .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Benham & von Müller 1863 , p. 315.
- ↑ Shan et al. 2003 , p. 311.
- ^ Australian Plant Name Index - APNI.
- ↑ Duretto & Landiges 1999 , p. 661.