HFB brigade locomotive
| Heeresfeldbahn brigade locomotive | |
|---|---|
 Brigadelok, built by Hartmann in 1910
|
|
| Numbering: | HFB 201–2896 (with gaps), DR 99 3310, 99 3311, 99 3313–3318 |
| Number: | 2573 |
| Manufacturer: | BMAG (218), Borsig (377), Esslingen (42), Hanomag (39), Hartmann (105), Henschel (789), Hohenzollern (47), Humboldt (11), Jung (123), Krauss (164), Linke-Hofmann (95), Maffei (175), O&K (359), SACM (12), Vulcan (17) |
| Year of construction (s): | 1905-1919 |
| Type : | D n2t |
| Genre : | K 44.3 |
| Gauge : | 600 mm |
| Length over buffers: | 5885 mm - 5980 mm |
| Height: | 2850 mm |
| Width: | 1780 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 2260 mm |
| Empty mass: | 9.7 t - 10.5 t |
| Service mass: | 12.0 t |
| Friction mass: | 12.0 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 3.0 t |
| Top speed: | 15 km / h 25 km / h (after removing the hollow axles) |
| Indexed performance : | 65 PSi (48 kW) |
| Starting tractive effort: | 20.35 kN |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 600 mm |
| Control type : | Stephenson |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 240 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 240 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 15 bar |
| Number of heating pipes: | 43 |
| Heating pipe length: | 2800 mm |
| Grate area: | 0.42 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 1.5 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 14.9 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 16.4 m² |
| Water supply: | 1.1 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 0.7 t coal |
| Brake: | Throw lever brake |
As Brigade locomotive are vierfachgekuppelte wet steam locomotives called. These were procured from 1903 and in large numbers from 1914 to 1918 for service with the German Army Field Railway . After the end of the First World War, many locomotives continued to be used in the civil rail sector around the world.
history
Since the twins procured from 1890 onwards were soon no longer sufficient, a new locomotive was developed for the Heeresfeldbahnen from 1901. Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik and Georg Krauss initially worked on the project before Henschel took over. The latter delivered a first prototype in 1903. Series production began in 1905.
A large number of locomotives of the same type were required for use on the lines of the German army field railways during World War I. The German locomotive factories, especially Henschel, Krauss, Borsig and Orenstein & Koppel, therefore produced over 2500 pieces of the type known as “brigade locomotives” between 1914 and 1919. The locomotives could move a 70 t train. The locomotives ran smoothly up to a speed of 15 km / h, beyond that they tended to derail.
After the end of the war, many civil companies around the world took over brigade locomotives in their vehicles. The locomotives in Europe had the following different type designations:
| country | designation |
|---|---|
| Germany | 99,331 |
| Poland | PKP Tx 1 |
| Lithuania | LG K4 401 ff. |
| Yugoslavia | JD® 99.4 |
| Bulgaria | BDŽ 401 ff. |
| Latvia | MI 601 ff. |
| Romania | CFF 604.201 ff. |
| Hungary | MAV 498 |
Unloading a locomotive from the transport car
Use on the Heeresfeldbahn Radomir - Marino Pole in Bulgaria
HF 1509 with a passenger transport on the Estonian island of Saaremaa
War-damaged locomotive on the Somme
Muskau Forest Railway
The Muskau Forest Railway (WEM) acquired a brigade locomotive for the first time in 1921. In the following period more brigade locomotives were bought. The exact number and time of purchase is no longer traceable today. When the forest railway was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn on January 1, 1951, there were still five locomotives in the vehicle fleet. These were included in the 99.331 series. These were the locomotives HF 1575 (99 3311), HF 312 (99 3313), HF 1487 (99 3314), HF 1547 (99 3315) and HF 634 (99 3316).
In 1952/1953 two more locomotives were added to the vehicle fleet. The HF 1914 and HF 2301 locomotives manufactured by Borsig in 1918 had remained in Poland in 1919 and were given the train numbers D 4241 and D 4243 there. During the Second World War, they had entered the German coal industry. At the Reichsbahn they were given the road numbers 99 3317 and 3318. In 1956 the HF 1638, manufactured by Orenstein & Koppel in 1917, was acquired. This locomotive was classified as MI 631 in Latvia. The locomotive bought by the Welzow lignite power station was given the road number 99 3310 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. In 1970, all locomotives were given an EDP road number. As part of the closure of the forest railway network, all locomotives were decommissioned between 1974 and 1978.
All eight locomotives were preserved for posterity:
- The 99 3310 was sold to Sweden in 1976 and has been owned by the Ohs Bruk Järnväg museum train since 1983 .
- The 99 3311 has been part of the Schinznacher Baumschulbahn as Taxus since 1977 . (operational)
- The 99 3313 has been in the holdings of the Frankfurt Feldbahnmuseum since 1984 and is largely in its original state as the HF 312.
- The 99 3314 is in a private collection in Germany. (switched off)
- The 99 3315 belonged to the fleet of the Mühlenstroth steam railway between 1977 and 2013 . She worked there as RICHARD ROOSEN . Today she is in the WEM fleet. (operational)
- The 99 3316 came to the Technikmuseum Sinsheim in 1984 and is on display in Speyer .
- The 99 3317 was erected as a memorial in Weißwasser from 1977 to 1990 . Since 1995 it has been part of the operational inventory of the Muskau Forest Railway.
- The 99 3318 has been part of the Mühlenstroth small steam train fleet since 1974 . There she was first used as "Fürst Pückler" and from 1978 as "Adolf Wolff". Since it was operationally refurbished in 2015, it has been in use again as 99 3318-5.
Mecklenburg-Pomerania narrow-gauge railway
The Mecklenburg-Pomerania Narrow Gauge Railway acquired six brigade locomotives between 1926 and 1939. These were given the road numbers 19 II , 20 III , 21 II - 23 II and 26. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, all locomotives had to be given to the Soviet Union as reparations .
Cottbus Park Railway
The Cottbus Park Railway, which opened on June 1, 1954, has a brigade locomotive 99 0001 in stock. The locomotive, built in 1918 in Breslau by Linke-Hofmann-Werke , pulled the opening train of the Park Railway and is a symbol for the only 600-millimeter narrow-gauge railway in Brandenburg. After an extensive boiler and chassis restoration, the PE locomotive 01 is back in action.
Whereabouts
Brigade locomotives have been preserved around the world in varying degrees of preservation.
| country | number |
|---|---|
| Germany | 13 |
| Brazil | 8th |
| United Kingdom | 12 |
| France | 21st |
| Latvia | 6th |
| Poland | 17th |
| Sweden | 5 |
| Netherlands, South Africa, Austria, Switzerland, Central Africa | 1 |
| Macedonia, Serbia, United States | 2 |
| Bulgaria | 4th |
| Congo | 4th |
→ See also: BD® series 400.60
Constructive features
The locomotives had a riveted outer frame. The end wheelsets of the machines were originally designed as Klien-Lindner hollow axles . To improve the running, the hollow axles were often replaced by normal wheel sets. Together with weakened wheel flanges, this allowed the speed to be increased to 25 km / h. The steam dome sat in the middle of the long boiler. The two safety valves were attached to the steam dome. The simple flat slide regulator was located on the right outside of the steam dome. The locomotives had different types of chimneys. In addition to Prüsmann chimneys, various types of Kobel chimneys were also used. The locomotives used on the Muskau Forest Railway were given a double truncated cone with a Rose spark arrester.
The external two-cylinder wet steam engine with flat slides powered the third wheel set. The Stephenson control was external. The wheel sets were cushioned by overhead leaf spring packages. The first two and the two rear spring assemblies were connected by means of compensating levers.
The floor in the driver's cab was lowered to enable driving while standing. The locomotives had a water tank volume of 1.1 m³ and 0.7 t of coal. The supplies were arranged on either side of the boiler. The water boxes reached up to the smoke chamber front. The round sandboxes were in front of and behind the steam dome. The Deutsche Reichsbahn replaced the light smoke chamber doors with a more stable design with welded hinges. The machines had a handbrake.
The locomotives of the Muskau Forest Railway received electrical lighting as early as the 1930s. The power supply was provided by a 12-volt accumulator, which was housed in the tool box on the right-hand side of the driver's cab.
Since the supplies that were carried with them were not sufficient for longer distances, additional tenders were procured for the twins from 1890 onwards. The so-called water cars were also built for the brigade locomotive until 1918. While the first four-axle additional tenders held 3.15 m³ water and 1 t coal, the later vehicles were designed for 5 m³ water and 1.2 t coal. In places the vehicles were designed with two brakeman's places . With them the radius of action could be increased to over 500%. The following vehicles have been preserved:
- Frankfurt Feldbahnmuseum
- Oekoven field railway museum
- Mühlenstroth small steam train
- Chemin de fer Froissy-Dompierre
literature
- Manfred Weisbrod, Hans Wiegard, Hans Müller, Wolfgang Petznick: German Locomotive Archive: Steam Locomotives 4 (Class 99) . transpress, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-344-70903-8 , pp. 126 ff .
- Klaus Jünemann, Erich Preuß: Narrow-gauge railways between the Spree and Neisse . Transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00307-0 .
- Günter Krause, Günter Krall, Michael Gründling, Peter Ziegenfuß: "The brigade locomotives of the Deutsche Heeresfeldbahnen in the First World War", Verlag Railroadiana Buschhoven 1994, ISBN 3-921894-03-4
- Günter Krause, Günter Krall, Roland Bude: Narrow-gauge steam locomotives in the First World War . DGEG Medien, Hövelhof 2018, ISBN 978-3-946594-10-9 .
- Dieter Zoubek: Preserved steam locomotives in and from Austria. Self-published, 2004, ISBN 3-200-00174-7
- Paul Engelbert: Narrow gauge through Bulgaria , Stenvalls Verlag Trelleborg, 2002, ISBN 91-7266-155-0
Web links
- Information on brigade locomotives, with an inventory list and photos of the locomotives that have been preserved
- List of designated brigade locomotives in Hungary on pospichal.net
- Light rail locomotives for 600 mm gauge. In: The Locomotive . Juni 1912, pp. 134-137 , accessed November 17, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Andreas Knipping: Railways in the First World War , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2004, ISBN 3-88255-691-9 , p. 17
- ↑ List of narrow-gauge locomotives that have been preserved in Bulgaria
- ^ Andreas Knipping: Railways in the First World War , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2004, ISBN 3-88255-691-9 , p. 17
- ^ Paul Engelbert: Narrow gauge through Bulgaria , Stenvalls Verlag Trelleborg, 2002, ISBN 91-7266-155-0 , page 38