Budy (Lubichowo)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Budy (German Budda ) is a village with around 30 inhabitants in the northern Polish rural community Lubichowo (German Liebichau ) in the powiat Starogardzki of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . The historical German name Budda means Bude .

Geographical and natural location

Budda with property and surroundings. Prussian land survey 1908, table sheet (1: 25,000).

Budy is located about 4 kilometers east of Lubichowo, 12 kilometers southwest of Starogard Gdański (German Prussian Stargard ) and 56 kilometers south of Danzig . The small village is located in the western Vistula region on the Baltic ridge near the Tucheler Heide , a typical soft-glacial sand surface .

history

Budda was part of the historic Prussian province of West Prussia . In 1920 this area was annexed to the re-established Polish state.

Naming, leasehold

According to the West Prussian pastor and historian Bernhard Stadié , the place was formerly known as “Grüneberger Bude”, ie it was a shack or tar shack in the neighboring village of Grüneberg to the east (today Zielona Góra ). Grüneberg was probably created by the Teutonic Knights Order and was first mentioned in 1373 as a border town of Stargards in the donation privilege of the village of Kottys, issued by Winrich von Kniprode . The Lippinken Vorwerk (from lippa = linden tree) belonged to the Grüneberger Bude . From Bude later Budda become.

In 1770 the Starost Alexander Hilarius von Potulicki lent the piece of land in the middle of the forest as a long lease . The tenant Buddas received the right to cut down all the wood and make fields out of it. The long lease included fishing rights on Lake Maliniec (from malinia = blackberry).

Budda Estate

In the second half of the 19th century, the Budda estate was owned by Iwan Siewert, a former captain of the Prussian army, and Helene Siewert, née von Baehr . The family ran arable farming, cattle breeding and a small starch production on the remote estate . Iwan Siewert was also head of the Liebichau district in the 1870s and 1880s . The couple's numerous children included the painter Clara Siewert (1862–1945) and the writer Elisabeth Siewert (1867–1930), who were born and grew up on the estate. The works of the sisters, long forgotten and rediscovered in 2008, contain many depictions and descriptions of the estate.

Budda in the artistic work of the Siewert sisters

Clara Siewert processed her thematic fondness for mystical things, fairy tales and literary material, which goes back to her childhood on the estate, in expressive-passionate pictures characterized by psychological turmoil. Elisabeth Siewert's often autobiographical novels , stories and novels also revolve around her memories of childhood and the landscape in Budda and reflect the contemporary reality of life in the region.

Elisabeth Siewert, writer

So she wrote in the memory Die Heimat , which was published in the magazine Die Frau , founded by the women's rights activist Helene Lange in 1912:

“I was once at home on Budda, which was a small estate to the east, a not very productive piece of land. It had neither a beautiful house nor a stylish garden; There was no forest, there were only bushes on the edges of meadows, groups of trees on hills and a sparing area of ​​small extent. He didn't get the wealth of a lake either, but there were a few ponds in the fields. Growing wheat in a small part of the field was a boldness that was by no means justified every year; the ground was cold. One could not speak of bursting meadows. A meager country estate, yes, but Budda played Proteus among the large solid estates that surrounded it . I say that there was nothing right about it, not even about wrong things, I can rather say: there was something about higher things. Budda was able to transform itself a hundredfold, it rose above itself, it willingly gave the scene for the most immodest, most daring events; it never failed when challenged. It could be idyllic and heroic, gypsy and aristocratic, dreamy, transcendental […]. […] His spring was and could not be believed: Budda became Greek. [...] its ground rose, its air wavered for riches; its poor meadows cheered and triumphed. What could it all! What did his children have! "

In the autobiographical novel Die Schöne Herbsttage (1903) she described the Budda-like novel property Ruhla as “a small estate in the most sterile part of West Prussia”, which the owner, who “is not a real farmer, bought like a pig in a poke [and ] paid dearly ”. The "talented, delicate, elegant" residents are "overloaded with debts" and live in constant "worries about the bare minimum". In Drei Schwestern (1906) she also thematized an impoverished estate at Preussisch Stargard: "As long as the children could think, their parents had been in financial worries, and the way they lived was by all means dominant."

Clara Siewert, painter

Budda estate 1860, drawing by Helene Siewert

The sisters' mother, Helene Siewert, ensured that the children were artistically influenced at an early stage and continued to study painting until they got married. At Budda she kept a family book in which she wrote down everyday occurrences with poetry and illustrated them with drawings (see drawing of the estate opposite).

In 2008, the exhibition Clara Siewert - between dream and reality in the Art Forum Ostdeutsche Galerie Regensburg ensured the rediscovery of the work of the painter Clara Siewert and, through the monograph accompanying the exhibition, also of Elisabeth Siewert's work . The accompanying volume of the same name to the exhibition lists the following works by the painter with direct reference to Budda and the surrounding area; the work numbers given refer to the catalog of works in this monograph:

  • Standing man and plowing man (around 1890/1900; No. 92). Pencil on gray paper, 24.7 × 33.5 cm ( titled Polish workers in the exhibition catalog Gurlitt 1936 ).
  • West Prussian Landscape (around 1890/1900; No. 107). Pen, black ink, 16 × 26.2 cm.
  • The Adventure of Oijamizza (around 1900/1910; No. 73). Pen, black ink, 22.9 × 40 cm (the sister Elisabeth published a novella in the volume Der Sumbuddawald in 1928 with the slightly different title The Adventures of Oijamitza ).
  • Study for the mural “ Ring des Polykrates ” (before 1903; No. 69). Pen, black ink, 15.4 × 15.3 cm (study for a picture that Clara Siewert is said to have painted on the wall of the servants' house in Budda).
  • Tucheler Heide (forest study) (around 1910; No. 111). Pencil and colored pencil on gray paper, 32.8 × 19.7 cm.
  • Old Polish seamstress (in Budda) (around 1910; No. 24). Tempera , graphite, 25.5 × 30 cm.
  • A swineherd (around 1925; No. 14). Mixed media (tempera) on cloth, 124 × 95 cm.
  • Three riders chasing away (around 1925; No. 33). Gouache , colored chalks, charcoal and pencil, 45 × 62 cm.

Furthermore, in 2012 at the exhibition Käthe Kollwitz and her colleagues in the Berlin Secession (1898–1913) by Clara Siewert:

  • Budda (1888). Oil on canvas, 47 × 74 cm (the picture shows the parents and siblings Rosa, Victoria, Elisabeth and Alexander sitting at the table in a room in the estate).

In addition, a large number of other works, such as her witch cycle (various no.), The fairy tale of the Machandelbaum (no. 109), and also various portraits go back to the myths, fairy tales and experiences of Clara Siewert's West Prussian homeland.

literature

  • Elisabeth Siewert : The beautiful autumn days. Novel. In: Deutsche Roman-Bibliothek (regular supplement to the illustrated entertainment paper Über Land und Meer ), 31st year 1903, 52 issues in 2 volumes, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt , Stuttgart a. Leipzig 1903 (pp. 440-448, 459-468, 480-488, 497-508, 520-528, 542-548, 556-568).
  • Elisabeth Siewert: Three Sisters (novel). In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time. Ed .: Helene Lange . The woman . 13th year 1906 (in continuations distributed over several issues), W. Moeser Buchhandlung, Berlin.
  • Elisabeth Siewert: The home (memory). In: The woman . 19th year 1912, pp. 406-410.
  • Bernhard Stadié : The district of Stargard in West Prussia in historical terms from the oldest times until now. Part II: Historical notes about the individual villages in the district. In: Prussian provincial sheets. Volume 72, Königsberg 1869, pp. 294, 303
  • Roman Zieglgänsberger (editor): Clara Siewert. Between dream and reality. With contributions by Renate Berger, Michael Kotterer and Roman Zieglgänsberger. Ed .: Kunstforum Ostdeutsche Galerie Regensburg, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-89188-116-3 . Note: All sources from this book refer to contributions by Roman Zieglgänsberger.
  • Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert (Gut Budda / West Prussia 1862–1945 Berlin). In: Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen, Jörg Paczkowski (eds.): Käthe Kollwitz and her colleagues in the Berlin Secession (1898–1913). Boyens Buchverlag, Heide 2012, ISBN 978-3-8042-1374-6 , pp. 104–125.

Web links

Commons : Budy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) ( Polish ) June 1, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  2. ↑ Bernhard Stadié: The district of Stargard […] , p. 303. The award certificate from the village of Kottys to the city of Stargard Tuesday after Martin 1373 by Winrich von Kniprode is completely reproduced in: Bernhard Stadié: History of the city of Stargard, from many , previously unprinted archival sources, and older chronicles, as well as from larger historical works, collected and edited. At the same time a contribution to the history of the district. Kienitz, Pr. Stargard 1864 (dissertation) ( full text ), p. 180ff.
  3. ^ Bernhard Stadié: The district of Stargard […] , p. 294.
  4. ^ Carl Lange : Encounters with the poet Elisabeth Siewert. In: Landsmannschaft Westpreußen (Hrsg.): West Prussia yearbook. Volume 9, 1959, p. 51.
  5. ^ Ahnenforschung.Net: Property in West Prussia. August 22, 2010.
  6. ^ Rolf Jehke: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874–1945 : Liebichau district.
  7. ^ Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert (Gut Budda / West Prussia 1862–1945 Berlin). In: Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen, Jörg Paczkowski (eds.): Käthe Kollwitz and her colleagues in the Berlin Secession (1898–1913). Boyens Buchverlag, Heide 2012, ISBN 978-3-8042-1374-6 , p. 107.
  8. ^ Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert. Between dream and reality. P. 20.
  9. ^ Elisabeth Siewert: Die Heimat, 1912, p. 406.
  10. ^ Elisabeth Siewert: The beautiful autumn days , 1903, p. 450ff.
  11. ^ Elisabeth Siewert: Three sisters . In: The woman . 1906, p. 16.
  12. ^ Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert. Between dream and reality. P. 17f.
  13. ^ Herybert Menzel : To the death of Elisabeth Siewert. In: Ostdeutsche Monatshefte , 11th year, 1930, p. 506f.
  14. ↑ All information according to: Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert. Between dream and reality. Pp. 153–179 ( catalog of works ).
  15. ^ Roman Zieglgänsberger: Clara Siewert (Gut Budda / West Prussia 1862–1945 Berlin). In: Ulrike Wolff-Thomsen, Jörg Paczkowski (eds.): Käthe Kollwitz and her colleagues in the Berlin Secession (1898–1913). Boyens Buchverlag, Heide 2012, ISBN 978-3-8042-1374-6 , p. 122.

Coordinates: 53 ° 53 '  N , 18 ° 27'  E