Bunheim Schaiff

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Bunheim Schaiff or Bonhem Schaf u. Ä. ( Hebrew שמחה כבש Simcha Keves orשמחה צון Simcha Zon ; * before 1349 ; † between 1392 and 1394 , probably in Cologne ) was a German Jewish entrepreneur who worked in Jülich and Cologne.

Life

Bunheim Schaiff (Schaeffe, Schoyf, Schaef, Schaep, Scaep, Schaaf, Sew) was the son of Ephraim, who perhaps - possibly during the pogrom of 1349 - was killed as a Jewish " martyr ". The name Bunheim (Bunheym, Bonhem, Bunem) is of Romanesque origin and means Gutmann ("bon-homme").

Jülich

Bunheim Schaiff lived in Jülich before 1372 . In 1367, the administrator of the Archdiocese of Kuno II von Falkenstein († 1388) from Bunheim Schaiff loaned 800 mottoes to the Archbishopric of Cologne for four years . He provided hereditary treasurer Werner von Bachem († after 1393) and the archbishop council knight Johann Wolff von Rheindorf as guarantors. Walrave von Quattermart had taken out a loan from Bunheim, half of which was paid out by the City of Cologne to Schaiff's brother-in-law Josef Koppelmann von Brühl in 1371 . Bunheim agreed to the transaction and referred to Arnold II von Randerath and Erprath (* before 1340; † 1390/91), who sealed the document together with the squire Arnold von Kinzweiler († after 1376), as "his dear master".

Cologne

When Jews were allowed to settle again in Cologne for the first time after 23 years of expulsion from the city in 1372, "Schaiff der iûde ind syn eydûm" were among them. H. his son-in-law Vyvus (Vivus) in the Botengassen. They paid a total of 1,000 guilders admission allowance and 100 guilders annual protection money.

Count Wilhelm II. Von Berg (1348–1408) took out a loan of 5,100 guilders in 1373 from the two Cologne Jews Bunheim Schaiff and Isaak van dem Bruele (vom, von Brühl ) - identical to Isaak von Montjoie († around 1382/86) - on. A feud between the city of Cologne and Count Diether VIII von Katzenelnbogen (1340–1402) arose over the share of Isaac of Montjoie .

During this time, Bunheim Schaiff lost part of his fortune to Duke Wilhelm II of Jülich († 1393) and his wife Maria von Geldern († 1405): In March 1376, the Duke and Duchess Wilhelm II of Berg spoke of all documented debt free, over which they had legitimately received mortgage notes with the possession of the Jew Schaiff. Two months later, Bunheim Schaiff acknowledged a loan that had been repaid by Count von Berg, subject to two mortgage notes of 6,000 and 4,000 old good shields , for which pledges were made. The hanging on the instrument seal Bunheims that in a decorated quatrefoil probably the particular for "sheep" altar d under a crescent moon. H. shows on the new moon day (cf. Num 28.18f EU ; in Hebrew it saysכבשים Sheep ) is no longer legible. Bunheim acknowledged Wilhelm II von Berg, who had meanwhile become duke, with his Hebrew signature in 1387שמחה בהק״ר אפרים כבש(= Simcha, son of the blessed (= martyr?) Mr. Ephraim Keves) the payment of 900 shield as half of a claim; the certificate was sealed by Greve Rembold Scherfgin as well as the aldermen and rentmaster Constantin (Costyn) von Lyskirchen zu Mirweiler .

Between 1375 and 1391, Bunheim supported the city of Cologne with large sums of money, which the city in its dispute with Archbishop Friedrich III. von Saar Werden (* around 1348; † 1414) needed. His former business partner Isaac von Montjoie, however, financed the archbishop. During this period of time, the granting of loans for 43,200 Cologne marks is documented, in which Bunheim Schaiff was involved, of which he himself borne almost 28,000 marks. Income from the Mahlpfennig (1375/1378), the meat excise (1375), the wine excise , the Krangeld and the Bestadegeld (1377) were used for the repayments to Bunheim . In 1382 Bunheim received 1,400 guilders back from the city of Cologne on the basis of a sealed mortgage note.

In 1381 Bunheim acknowledged the redemption of a pearl-studded skirt for the knight Johann von Vorst. 1382 sealed Bunheim Schaiff together with the Greven Rembold Scherfgin and the lay judge Heinrich vom Cuesin the Elder. J. a receipt from Vivus von Gelnhausen for 250 guilders.

In 1388 Tilmann von Düne (Dhaun) and Hermann von Drolshagen issued a letter of indemnity for Ruprecht von Deutzerfeld, son of Karsilius von Merode, because of his guilt at Bunheim. Gerhard von der Wambach had announced a feud with the city of Cologne because of Bunheim Schaiff , and in 1388 this feud was atone .

In 1394 Schaiff's widow Bechlein (or: Rechlin) was summoned to the royal court in Prague together with his son-in-law Vivus in the Botengasse "because of the king" , but was summoned by the imperial court judge Count Emich VI. [VII.] Von Leiningen-Dagsburg (* around 1364; † 1452) acquitted because the procurator of King Wenceslas of Luxembourg did not appear on the date.

family

The children of Bunheim Schaiff and his wife Bechlein or Rechlin († after 1394) from Jülich are named:

  1. (Daughter), married to Vivus (Vif, Feivisch = Phoebus , the "shining one") in Botengassen († between 1404 and 1406) from Jülich, Hebrew nameאורי(Uri = "light"), son of the martyr Elieser ha-Levi. Lipman von Osnabrück , involved in loans for the city of Cologne between 1379 and 1391, also worked in Dortmund from 1382 to 1386 , father of the Worms Rabbi Anselm of Cologne († after 1445)
  2. Seligmann (Seylgin, Selichmann Schaiff or Scaepson) († after 1406), Hebrew name אהרן (Aaron), married to Gymen († after 1388), protective Jew in 1397 of Count Dietrich II von der Mark (1374-1398) and 1400 of the Count Reinald von Jülich and Geldern († 1423), 1400 in Nijmegen , 1401 in Wesel and 1405 probably in Bergen op Zoom ,
  3. Gumpert († after 1384), mentioned in 1384 as a lender of the city of Cologne,
  4. Vyvelen († between 1395 and 1400), married to a daughter of the later executed Süßkind von Siegburg († 1377),
  5. Myngen (Mincha) († after 1414), married to Kalman (Kalonymos).

swell

  • Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (ed.): Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden , Vol. III. H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1853 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Bonn)
  • Leonard Ennen (ed.): Sources on the history of the city of Cologne , Vol. V and Vol. VI. M. DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875 and 1879 ( digitized and digitized )
  • Richard Knipping (arr.): The Cologne city accounts of the Middle Ages, with a representation of the financial administration,, Vol. I. The income and the development of the national debt . Vol. II The issues . (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 15). H. Behrend, Bonn 1897 and 1898
  • Wilhelm Janssen u. a. (Ed.): The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages , Bd. VII 1362-1370 (Adolf von der Mark, Engelbert von der Mark, Kuno von Falkenstein) . (Publications of the Society for Rhenish History 21/7) Droste, Düsseldorf 1982

literature

  • Leonard Ennen: History of the city of Cologne, mostly from the sources of the Cologne city archive , Bd. III. L. Schwann, Cologne / Neuss 1869, esp. Pp. 312–318 ( Google Books )
  • Carl Brisch: History of the Jews in Cöln and the surrounding area from the earliest times up to the present , Vol. II. Carl Warnitz, Cologne 1882 (Reprinted by Sendet, Wiesbaden 1973, ISBN 3-500-26580-4 ), pp. 2 and 21 ( Digital copy of the Freimann collection in the University Library Frankfurt am Main)
  • Adolf Kober : Four generations of a Jewish family on the Rhine around 1400 . In: Harry Levi (Ed.):אמת ליעקב- ʾEmet le-Yaʿaqov . Festschrift for Jakob Freimann. Self-published by the Rabbinerseminar, Berlin 1937, pp. 106–118 ( digitized at HebrewBooks)

Remarks

  1. ↑ כבש Keves means "sheep".
  2. ↑ צון Zon means "sheep" (collectively).
  3. ↑ The graphemes “i”, “y” or “e” after vowels are silent expansion signs in the Low German writing convention ; see. the article Rhenish place names .
  4. ↑ Today: Big and Small “ Budengasse ”, see → Cologne Jewish Quarter .
  5. ↑ See in detail → Isaak von Montjoie and → Mannus von Köln .
  6. ↑ According to the Münzverein of 1373, a shield was valid for 3 marks and 10 shillings or 4 guilders and 38 2/5 Kreuzers.
  7. ↑ 1379/80 Cologne mayor.
  8. ↑ Tax on export by land.
  9. ^ Knight Johann von Vorst d. A. († around 1382), 1351 mayor in Prüm, sold a farm in Frechen in 1355; he and his son of the same name († before 1407) owned houses in Ahrweiler's Judengasse at the end of the 14th century .
  10. ↑ d Heinrich von Cuesin. J. was a brother-in-law of Constantin von Lyskirchen zu Mirweiler.
  11. ↑ Also Dyle von Dune called Zulner; 1372 Servant of Count Gerhard von Virneburg.
  12. ↑ The Wambach house was on the road from Kaldenkirchen to Tegelen , cf. today Wambacher Strasse .
  13. ↑ 1400 to 1404 Grand Chamberlain of King Ruprecht III. from the Palatinate .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Cf. A. Kober: Four generations , 1937, pp. 106–118 ( digitized at HebrewBooks).
  2. ↑ a b Older literature used for "קדוש”(“ Holy, blessed, deceased ”) prefers the translation“ martyr ”.
  3. ↑ Cf. Rella Israly Cohn: Yiddish Given Names. A Lexicon . Scarecrow, Lanham, Maryland 2008, pp. 46 and 127.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Cf. document of November 27, 1394, Prague; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/5385); The imperial court judge, Count Emich von Leiningen, passed a verdict in favor of the Jew Vifes and the Jewess Rechlein . In: Leonard Ennen: Sources on the history of the city of Cologne . Vol. VI. M. DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1879, No. 198, p. 301.
  5. ↑ Cf. Regest of January 21, 1367. In: W. Janssen u. a. (Ed.): Regesten , 1982, p. 159.
  6. ↑ Document of May 6, 1371; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/2683); see. Leonard Korth: The document archive of the city of Cologne until 1396. Regesten V. 1371-1375 . In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln 3, Heft 7 (1886), pp. 1–81, esp. P. 57.
  7. ↑ Document of May 27, 1371; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/2686).
  8. ↑ Certificates from 3.-8. October and December 29, 1372; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1 // 2771A and U 2/2784 / 1-2); Th. Lacomblet: Urkundenbuch , 1853, pp. 646-648 (No. 752); Leonard Ennen: Sources on the history of the city of Cologne . Vol. VM DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875, No. 1, pp. 1-4.
  9. ↑ See the list of the Jews admitted in 1372 and the admission fee they paid. - 1372, July 1st . In: Leonard Ennen: Sources on the history of the city of Cologne . Vol. IV. M. DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1870, No. 549, p. 647f ( Google Books ).
  10. ↑ See document of September 7, 1373; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Düsseldorf (102.01.01-02 Berg, documents, 455).
  11. ↑ See Axel Kolodziej: Duke Wilhelm I von Berg (1380-1408) . (Bergische Research 29). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 2005, pp. 355f.
  12. ↑ "van alsulcher schoilt ind brieuen ... ledich ind quyt".
  13. ↑ Because “we… sheep are rightly informed of the Jews”; Deed of March 17, 1376; Th. J. Lacomblet: Urkundenbuch , 1853, No. 777, pp. 679-680.
  14. ^ Document of May 6, 1376; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Düsseldorf (102.01.01-02 Berg, documents, 455).
  15. ↑ a b cf. Alfred Haverkamp, ​​Jörg R. Müller (edit.): Corpus of sources on the history of the Jews in the late medieval empire . Trier, Mainz 2015, JS02, No. 18 ( digitized from Medieval Ashkenaz, accessed on June 20, 2017).
  16. ↑ Document dated August 7, 1387; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department Düsseldorf (102.01.01-02 Berg, documents, 653).
  17. ↑ Document of December 20, 1382; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/3500).
  18. ^ Document of May 12, 1381; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Department Düsseldorf (101.01.00 Kurköln, documents, 1036).
  19. ↑ Document of December 20, 1382; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/3497).
  20. ↑ Document of January 5, 1388; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/3890).
  21. ↑ Document of December 13, 1388; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1/4047).
  22. ↑ Cf. C. Brisch: Geschichte , 1882, p. 21; Diethard Aschoff : History of the Jews in Westphalia in the Middle Ages . (History and life of the Jews in Westphalia 5). Lit, Berlin 2006, pp. 138f.
  23. ↑ Cf. Arye Maimon, Mordechai Breuer , Yacov Guggenheim (Ed.): Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 1350–1519. Local article Aach – Lychen . Mohr, Tübingen 1987, p. 638.
  24. ↑ See document of November 24, 1390 or 1401; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings of 22 incoming letters, undated, A 1425).
personal data
SURNAME Bunheim Schaiff
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schaif, Bunnen; Schoyf, Bonhem; Schaef, Bunheym; Schaep, Bunheim; Sheep, bunem; Schaaf, Bonheim; שמחה כבש (Hebrew name); Simcha Keves (Hebrew name); שמחה צון (Hebrew name); Simcha Zon (Hebrew name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Jewish entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH before 1349
DATE OF DEATH between 1392 and 1394
Place of death uncertain: Cologne