Mannus of Cologne

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mannus (Manne, Man) from Cologne to Worms , also Mannus von Worms (Hebrew name מנחם בן שמעון - Menachem ben Simon ; * 1st half of the 14th century, probably in Cologne ; † after 1386 , probably in Worms ) was a German Jewish entrepreneur who worked in Cologne and Worms.

Life

Mannus von Worms came from Cologne. His father Simon († between 1349 and 1377) was apparently able to escape the pogrom of 1349 in Cologne with his family and found acceptance in the Eifel town of Montjoie ( Monschau ). Simon and his son Isaak, Mannus' brother, named themselves Simeon Munschau and Isaak von Montjoie or Monschau after their place of refuge .

Settlement in Worms

Mannus of Cologne settled in Worms before 1362 and operated credit business there. He and his son-in-law Gottschalk von Worms were protective Jews of Count Diether VIII von Katzenelnbogen (1340–1402). The Counts of Katzenelnbogen had owned the Judenregal since 1312 and have protected foreign Jews on various occasions against payment.

In 1370 Mannus granted the knight Jakob Schnittlauch (Snydelauch) von Kestenburg as his "Scholtmar" ( debtor ) a loan of 28 gold guilders. The noblemen Johann Kämmerer von Worms († 1415) and Hans Frank von Lamsheim were provided as guarantors .

Cologne trial

Count (later Duke) Wilhelm II. Von Berg (1348–1408) had a loan for a total of 5,100 (= 2 × 2,550) florins in 1373 from the two Jews Bunheim Schaiff († around 1392/94) from Cologne and Isaak van dem Bruele ( vom, von Brühl ) recorded. Isaak van dem Bruele is identical to Mannus' brother Isaak von Montjoie from Brühl . He was the " Judenbishop " (community leader) of Archbishop Friedrich III. von Saar Werden (* around 1348; † 1414) in Cologne. When Isaac, who supported the archbishop, around 1376 in the so-called "lay jury war" between the city and Friedrich III. had to flee from Cologne, the city confiscated goods or money that Mannus and his son-in-law Gottschalk had deposited with Isaak von Montjoie. In 1376, the city of Cologne wrote to the dukes of Bavaria ( Rheinpfalzgrafen ), who had campaigned for Mannus, because of Mannus' registered claims to the money loaned to Count von Berg .

In April 1378, Count Diether VIII von Katzenelnbogen announced the feud to the city of Cologne because they did not want to compensate Gottschalk and his father-in-law Mannus for the damage. In June, Count Diether VIII reconciled himself with the city of Cologne because of the feud that had arisen. He was awarded 2,000 guilders "from Mannis".

In August, negotiations took place in Koblenz , to which the Archbishops Friedrich III. of Cologne and Kuno II of Falkenstein († 1388) of Trier granted the city's negotiators conduct . Diether VIII asserted more than 2,000 guilders for damages to the City Council of Cologne “because of damage to his Jew Godschalk” and 2,550 guilders because of the property withheld from his father-in-law. Duke Wilhelm II of Jülich and Geldern (1325–1393) offered to mediate and was asked to do so; Mannus had to waive the repayment of the loan of 2,550 guilders to Duke Wilhelm II. Von Berg, which was suggested by Knight Dietrich von Grenzau († 1416), Kurkölner bailiff at the Castle of the Nice near Andernach , Johann von der Hauben († after 1393) in Worms, chamber master of Count Palatine Ruprecht II (1325–1398), and Diether VIII. von Katzenelnbogen was sealed.

Worms

In 1377 Mannus was one of 36 Jewish heads of household who had to grant the city of Worms a compulsory loan of 20,000 gold guilders. His son-in-law was probably also forced to pay this fee.

Mannus of Cologne and his son-in-law Gottschalk granted the brothers Friedrich († after 1407) and Wolf von Meckenheim († between 1395 and 1407) a loan of 100 guilders in good Worms currency in 1380 . Knight Heinrich Winter von Alzey († after 1392) from Worms as well as the noblemen Diether Kämmerer von Worms († 1398) and his cousin Heinrich Kämmerer von Worms called von Rodenstein († after 1395) act as guarantors .

family

The children of Mannus von Köln from Worms are named:

  1. Simon († after 1409), mentioned as "Symont Mannes son von Colne" in 1390, who together with Simon von Bensheim wrote Pfandbriefe of Count Emich the Elder. A. von Leiningen owned the villages of Kleinbockenheim , Großbockenheim , Kindenheim and Gossenheim, recorded as "Simon Mans" in Zwingenberg around 1398 to 1409 , Count Johann IV. Von Katzenelnbogen († 1444) forced him and his son Kaufmann 1409 to respond to all demands to renounce to the county,
  2. (Daughter) († after 1388), married (∞ before 1375) to Gottschalk von Worms († after 1388, probably after 1398).
  3. Gottschalk von Bacharach or Gottschalk von Oppenheim († 1395/96) from Cologne, married to Besselin († after 1395), 1362 in Bingen, 1367 in Bacharach , later worked in Sobernheim , Oppenheim and after 1393 in Frankfurt am Main .

Mannus' brother Isaak von Montjoie (Moynioye, Monschau, Monzauwe etc.) lived in Brühl after 1360 and in Cologne from 1372. He had to flee Cologne in 1376 and lived in Bonn in 1381 .

"Vivelin Mannenbruder von Worms" was recorded in Strasbourg in 1369 for five years. In 1372 "Isax bruder van deme Brule ", by which Vivelyn must be meant, was recorded in Cologne. He was probably identical with Vyvus von Bryle (Broele, Bruele, etc.), the son-in-law of Jakob von Jülich (Guylge, Gylche, Guilch) († 1379/81) zu Koblenz and his wife Gertrude († after 1381). Vyvus von Brühl zu Cologne appears between 1381 and 1401 as the lender of the city of Andernach .

In 1372 an Anselm, Isaak's brother, was also admitted to Cologne.

Gomprecht von Bonn zu Andernach is referred to as the brother of Vyvus of Cologne in 1401. Between 1388 and 1407 he was a lender to the city of Andernach.

swell

  • Leonard Ennen (Hrsg.): Sources on the history of the city of Cologne , Vol. VM DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875, pp. 515f, 517 and 526f ( digitized from the University of Düsseldorf)
  • Heinrich Boos (Ed.): Document book of the city of Worms , Vol. II 1301–1400 . Weidmann, Berlin 1890 ( digitized version of Heidelberg University Library)
  • Karl Ernst Demandt (arr.): Regesten der Grafen von Katzenelnbogen , Vol. I Urkundenregesten 1060–1486 . (Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau 11/1). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Wiesbaden 1953

literature

  • Alex Lewin : The Gotschalke from Bacharach and Kreuznach. A contribution to the history of d. Jews in Frankfurt around d. J. 1400 . In: community sheet of the Israelite community in Frankfurt. 11/11 (1933), pp. 279f; 12/1 (1933), p. 13 ( digitized version and digitized version of the University Library Frankfurt am Main, accessed on February 12, 2016).
  • Franz-Josef Heyen : Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, pp. 686-691, especially p. 688
  • Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studies on the history of the Jews in the central Rhine area during the high and late Middle Ages (research on the history of the Jews, Dept. A. Abhandlungen 1). Hahn, Hannover 1995, esp.p. 208ff ISBN 978-3-7752-5610-0
  • Gottfried Kneib: Jews in the Electoral Mainz city of Sobernheim during the late Middle Ages . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 104 (2009), pp. 107–132, especially pp. 118–126

Remarks

  1. ↑ Kastanienburg or Maxburg, the later Hambach Castle .
  2. ^ Tomb in the Katharinenkirche in Oppenheim .
  3. ↑ In 1373 by Wilhelm II von Berg enfeoffed half of the Godenhaus near Sinzig , in 1380 enfeoffed by Kurtrier with half of Dernbach , probably from the Nieder-Isenburg-Grenzau family.
  4. ↑ He is probably identical with "Eljakim, son of Rav (= Lord) Eleazar ha-Kohen" (→ the article "Gottschalk von Worms").
  5. ↑ The Knights of Meckenheim, together with the Dalbergs, formed the inheritance of Gundheim Castle near Worms.
  6. ↑ On him cf. numerous documents in: Valentin Ferdinand Gudenus (Hrsg.): Codex Diplomaticvs Anecdotorvm. Res Moguntinas, Francicas, Trevirenses, Hassicas, Finitimarumque Regionum , Vol. V, ed. by Heinrich Wilhelm Anton Buri. Ulrich Weiß, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1768 ( Google Books ).
  7. ↑ This is probably Emich V. von Leiningen († around 1381).
  8. ↑ Desolation near the children's home.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Leopold Zunz : Names of the Jews. A historical investigation . L. Fort, Leipzig 1837, p. 50 ( Google Books ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Cf. Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (holdings 1 main document archive, U 1 / 3761A, 3761B and 3762).
  3. ↑ a b Cf. Stadtarchiv Worms (Section 1 AI, No. 217); 1377 May. - The Jews of Worms give the city of Worms a compulsory loan of 20,000 gold guilders . In: Heinrich Boos (Ed.): Document book of the city of Worms , Vol. II 1301–1400 . Weidmann, Berlin 1890, pp. 463-467 (No. 723).
  4. ↑ Cf. "מנחם בן הק׳ר׳ [= הקדוש רב] שמעון - Menachem, son of the blessed Rav (= Lord) Simon" in the document of May 1377.
  5. ↑ Older literature often uses the translation “martyr” too one-sidedly for “קדוש” (“holy, blessed, deceased”).
  6. ^ A b c Cf. Matthias Schmandt: Cologne: Jewish Center on the Lower Rhine . In: Christoph Cluse (Ed.): Europe's Jews in the Middle Ages. Contributions to the international symposium in Speyer from 20. – 25. October 2002 . Kliomedia, Trier 2004, pp. 443-454, especially p. 451.
  7. ↑ a b Cf. Mannys, a Jew from Worms, renounces the 2550 guilders that he had to demand from the city of Cologne. 1386, May 30th. In: Leonard Ennen (Ed.): Sources for the history of the city of Cologne , Vol. VM DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875, pp. 515f.
  8. ↑ Cf. Alex Lewin: Die Gotschalke von Bacharach and Kreuznach. A contribution to the history of d. Jews in Frankfurt around d. J. 1400 . In: community sheet of the Israelite community in Frankfurt. 11/11 (1933), pp. 279f; 12/1 (1933), p. 13.
  9. ↑ a b Cf. “Vivelin Mannenbruder von Worms” in the document dated August 23, 1369; Strasbourg accepts six Jewish families for five years under certain conditions. In: Hans Witte and Georg Wolfram: Documents and files of the city of Strasbourg : Bd. V / 2 Political documents from 1332 to 1380 . KJ Trübner, 1896, p. 647f.
  10. ↑ a b Cf. “deme modest Juden manne von Colle bûrger zû Wormesze” in the document 1370. December 17th - Jakob Schnittlauch von Kestenburg, knight, confesses to the Jew from Cologne, citizen of Worms, to be owed 28 gold guilders and offers for it Security . In: Heinrich Boos (Ed.): Document book of the city of Worms , Vol. II 1301–1400 . Weidmann, Berlin 1890, p. 430f (No. 666) ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library).
  11. ↑ a b c Cf. Winfried Reichert: Finanzpolitik und Landesherrschaft. On the development of the County of Katzenelnbogen from the 12th to the 14th century . Auenthal, Trier 1985, p. 133 f.
  12. ^ Document dated July 19, 1312; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (holdings B 3 documents of the County of Katzenelnbogen (Upper County), No. 29); see. about Hermann Keussen : Receipts of letters from the 14th and 15th centuries. B. Undated pieces , 1st half. In: Mittheilungen from the City Archives of Cologne 10 (1896), pp. 1–102, especially p. 81 ( Commons ); Friedrich Battenberg : Katzenelnbogen, County : Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 3. J. C. B. Mohr, Tübingen 2003, pp. 1892-1894.
  13. ↑ See document of September 7, 1373; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Düsseldorf (102.01.01-02 Berg, documents, 455).
  14. ↑ See Axel Kolodziej : Duke Wilhelm I von Berg (1380-1408) . (Bergische Research 29). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 2005, pp. 355f.
  15. ↑ See harmless letter of April 3, 1374, also a letter from Archbishop Friedrich to Lübeck citizens of April 1, 1374; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Düsseldorf (101.03.01 Kurköln I, cartels and repertories); see. Receipt from 1382 (Kurköln, 1.1.1.2 Lehen, Generalia AA 0054, 19 II 1, sheet 20b).
  16. ↑ Cf. Regest of December 1, 1376; Kaspar Keller ( edit. ): The city of Cologne copy books. Regesten I. 1367-1387 . In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln 1, Heft 1 (1883), pp. 61–98, esp. P. 91.
  17. ↑ Cf. on the following Hermann Keussen: Receipts of letters from the 14th and 15th centuries A. Dated pieces 1320–1400. In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln, Issue 22 (1892), pp. 77–177, esp. Pp. 88 f. ( Digitized at OpenLibrary).
  18. ↑ Cf. Regest of April 7, 1378, ibid.
  19. ↑ Cf. Count Dietrich von Katzenellenbogen reconciles himself with the city of Cologne regarding the feud that arose because of the Jew Manys. 1386, June 20. In: Leonard Ennen (Hrsg.): Sources for the history of the city of Cologne , vol. VM DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875, p. 517.
  20. ↑ See receipt from Count Dietrich von Katzenellenbogen for 2000 guilders, which the city of Cologne paid him for the Jew Manys. 1386, July 1st. In: Leonard Ennen (ed.): Sources for the history of the city of Cologne , Vol. VM DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1875, p. 526 f.
  21. ↑ Cf. Regesten of August 6 and August 7, 1378, ibid.
  22. ↑ Cf. Regest of September 18, 1378, ibid.
  23. ↑ Cf. Regesten of September 18 and October 24, 1378, ibid.
  24. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (holdings A 2 documents of the former province of Rheinhessen, No. 255/813).
  25. ↑ Cf. 1380. August 8th - Friedrich and Wolf von Meckenheim, knights, brothers, confess to the Jew Mannis of Cologne and Gottschalk to his daughter husband, citizen of Worms, to owe 100 guilders . In: Heinrich Boos (Ed.): Document book of the city of Worms , Vol. II 1301–1400 . Weidmann, Berlin 1890, p. 501 f. (No. 774) ( digitized version from Heidelberg University Library).
  26. ↑ See Heinrich Boos (Hrsg.): Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms , Vol. II 1301–1400 . Weidmann, Berlin 1890, pp. 614-616, especially p. 616 (No. 941).
  27. ↑ Regest of October 13, 1409. In: Karl Ernst Demandt (arr.): Regesten der Grafen von Katzenelnbogen , Vol. I Urkundenregesten 1060–1486 . (Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau 11/1). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Wiesbaden 1953, p. 730 (No. 2619).
  28. ↑ On him cf. Gottfried Kneib: Jews in the Electoral Mainz city of Sobernheim during the late Middle Ages . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 104 (2009), pp. 107–132, especially pp. 118–126.
  29. ↑ Matthias Schmandt: Judei, cives et incole. Studies on the Jewish history of Cologne in the Middle Ages . (Research on the history of the Jews, Dept. A. Abhandlungen 11), Hahn Hannover 2002, pp. 118ff ISBN 3-7752-5620-2 .
  30. ↑ See Edith Ennen , Dietrich Höroldt: Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Bonn , Wilhelm Stollfuss, Bonn 1968, p. 61; Birgit E. Klein: “Court Jews” in the Rhineland. About titles and privileges, their backgrounds and consequences . In: Monika Grübel, Georg Mölich (Ed.): Jewish life in the Rhineland. From the Middle Ages to the present . Böhlau, Köln / Weimar / Wien 2005, pp. 46–78, especially p. 49.
  31. ↑ a b cf. Carl Brisch: History of the Jews in Cöln and the surrounding area from the earliest times to the present , Bd. II. Carl Warnitz, Cologne 1882 (reprinted by Sendet, Wiesbaden 1973 ISBN 3-500-26580-4 ), p. 2 Note 2 ( digitized version of the Freimann collection in the University Library in Frankfurt am Main.
  32. ↑ See the list of the Jews admitted in 1372 and the admission fee they paid. - 1372, July 1st . In: Leonard Ennen: Sources on the history of the city of Cologne . Vol. IV. M. DuMont-Schauberg, Cologne 1870, pp. 647f (No. 549) ( Google Books )).
  33. ↑ See Goerz: I. Stadtarchiv zu Andernach. IA documents from the city of Andernach . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 59 (1894), pp. 1–170, esp. Pp. 64, 69f, 77, 79 and 82 ( Google Books , limited preview).
  34. ↑ Ibid., P. 82.
  35. ↑ Ibid., Pp. 75, 82f, 85 and 157; see. Wolf-Heino Struck (arr.): The Cistercian monastery Marienstatt in the Middle Ages. Deeds, registers of goods and necrology . Self-published by the Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1965, pp. 258 and 269.
personal data
SURNAME Mannus of Cologne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manne of Cologne; Man from Cologne; Manne von Colle; Mannys of Worms; Men of Worms; Man from Worms; Menachem ben Simon (Hebrew name); מנחם בן שמעון (Hebrew name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Jewish entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: between 1300 and 1349
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Cologne
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: after 1386
Place of death unsure: Worms