Ließem Castle

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The castle Ließem is a former moated castle in the municipality Ließem that the Bitburger municipality land in Rhineland-Palatinate belongs. It stands directly on the L7 from Bickendorf to Wiersdorf on the banks of the Ehlenzbach. The Bitburg reservoir and Hamm Castle not far from it are only around 4.5 kilometers to the west as the crow flies.

The village of Ließem, which was first mentioned in a document in the early 12th century, formed around the castle. It was the seat of the Lords of Ließem, who had lost the complex in the 14th century at the latest. At that time it already belonged to the Schönecken family, who had received it as a fief from the Counts of Luxembourg and remained the owners until the 16th century. In the meantime destroyed and rebuilt, the castle was bought in 1525 by the von Enschringen family, to whom it belonged until 1725. The gentlemen von Hout and the Brandenburg family followed as further owners and owners. The castle is still privately owned and used for agriculture. It stands as a cultural monument under monument protection .

history

The castle was the core and starting point of the village of Ließem, which was first mentioned as Liezheim in a deed of donation from the early 12th century. In 1204 the gentlemen from Lyheim / Liessheim were first mentioned in writing. The founding date of the castle of the same name and thus also the owner are unknown. Johann von Ließem was the last time a member of this family was named in a document in 1447, but at that time she was no longer the owner of the castle complex, because Hartrad von Schönecken , who was still underage at the time, was handed down as the lord of the castle in the first quarter of the 14th century . He owned the facility as a fief from the Count of Luxembourg. On October 25, 1316, Hartrad's guardians pledged the castle together with other property for 3000 Trier pounds to the Trier aldermen and mayor Bonifacius. From 1332 it belonged to Archbishop Baldwin of Luxembourg in Trier . This gave it back to the von Schönecken family as a fief and open house in 1343 .

After Hartrad von Schönecken's death in 1351, his nephew Gerhard inherited the Ließem castle. However, he had to undertake to his liege lord to pay off the high debts that Hartrad's uncle had accumulated with the archbishop within ten years. Gerhard von Schönecken, however, did not intend to get on well with Baldwin of Luxembourg, because in the same year he concluded an alliance with the city of Trier directed against the archbishop . When he also attacked Bohemian cavalry soldiers in 1352 , who were to rush to the aid of the French King John II at the behest of Emperor Charles IV , and arrested him in his castle, his liege lord accused him of breaching the peace and besieged Ließem. The castle was finally taken and was razed in 1353 .

Ließem Castle on the Tranchot map , 1801–1828

The Lords of Schönecken rebuilt the castle as a square residential tower in the second half of the 14th century . This came in 1525 through purchase to Johann von Enschringen, Imperial Councilor of Luxembourg and Elector of Trier Chancellor . From 1521 he also owned the Rittersdorf Castle , which is about three kilometers south-east . Shortly after his purchase, the new lord of the castle had the fortifications expanded by integrating the Gothic residential tower into a much larger residential building. In the course of this work, access to the castle house was relocated to a newly constructed stair tower . The castle was expanded again in the first quarter of the 17th century after Wilhelm von Enschringen's marriage to Elisabeth von Piesport. The couple had a gatehouse built northwest of the residential building. The alliance coat of arms of the two over the gate entrance still testifies to this today.

In 1729 there was a change of ownership, because in that year Veronika von Enschringen and her husband Friedrich-Heinrich von Heisgen sold the castle and Herrschaft Ließem to the Lords of Hout. In the 18th century the roof of the mansion was changed. Today's knee stick with its ox eyes comes from that time. The castle was still surrounded by a moat around 1825, but it was filled in in the 19th century. At the same time, some buildings to the north of the gateway were demolished , the passage of which was walled up in order to use the space created as a warehouse. The aim of the changes was to make the plant usable for agriculture. At the same time, the roof sections and the facades were presumably standardized by installing today's windows. In 1848 Ließem Castle was owned by the Brandenburg family. Since the middle of the 20th century it has belonged to the Lichter family, who have been keeping pigs there.

description

Floor plan of Ließem Castle, 1913

The core of today's quarry stone masonry and thus the oldest part of the castle is a Gothic residential tower from the 14th century, which today occupies the southwest corner of the three-story manor house. Its thick 6 × 6 meter walls can be clearly seen in the floor plan of the building. Vertical wall edges can also be seen on the southern and western outer sides. Most of the rest of the building's structure dates from the 16th century. Only the knee stick including the oculi dates to the 18th century, while the roof and facade design go back to work in the 19th century.

A round stair tower is built in front of the northwest corner of the manor house. It dates from the 16th century and takes up the main entrance. On its outside facing the castle courtyard, the masonry shows three console figures bearing coats of arms , which are probably spolia . To the west of the stair tower and the manor house is the youngest part of the castle complex: a single-storey extension from the first quarter of the 19th century.

To the north of the extension - and roughly in line with it - is the three-storey gatehouse from the 17th century, whose arched entrance is now walled up. Above this is next to the year 1622 the alliance coat of arms of Wilhelm von Enschringen and his wife Elisabeth von Piesport.

Inside the manor house some parts of the original furnishings are still preserved. This includes, for example, in the living room a door system from around 1600, which has a two-storey top with niches, and a wall cupboard in rococo shapes with doors with elaborate carvings. In addition, two richly structured chimney surrounds from the 18th century have been preserved.

literature

  • Bernd Altmann, Hans Caspary: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Bitburg-Prüm district. Volume 9.2: City of Bitburg, Verbandsgemeinden Bitburg-Land and Irrel. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-081-9 , pp. 270-271.
  • Hermann Bonus: Ließem Castle. Eventful history of an Eifel castle. In: Eifelverein (Ed.): Eifeljahrbuch 1983. 1984, ISSN  0424-687X , pp. 34-36.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-88462-110-6 , p. 467.
  • Gilbert and Christa Haufs-Brusberg: Balduin's castles. A journey into the Electorate of Trier past. Spee, Trier 1997, ISBN 3-87760-059-X , pp. 39-40.
  • Jean-Pierre Koltz: The castles of the Bitburg district. In: Josef Hainz (Ed.): The Bitburger Land. Landscape, history and culture of the Bitburg district. Volume 1. New, Bitburg [u. a.] 1967, pp. 431-478.
  • Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Ließem Castle. In: Historical working group Bitburger-Land in Volksbildungswerk Bitburger-Land e. V. (Hrsg.): The castles and palaces of the Eifelkreis (= contributions to the history of the Bitburger Land. No. 100). Verbandsgemeinde Bitburg-Land, Bitburg 2015, ISSN  0939-0189 , pp. 56–59.
  • Ernst Wackenroder : The Art Monuments of the Bitburg District (= The Art Monuments of the Rhine Province . Volume 12, Section 1). Unchanged reprint of the 1927 edition. Akademische Buchhandlung Interbook, Trier 1983, ISBN 3-88915-006-3 , pp. 164–166.

Web links

Commons : Burg Ließem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm. Mainz 2018, p. 68 (PDF; 4.4 MB).
  2. ↑ a b Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Ließem Castle. 2015, p. 56.
  3. ↑ a b Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Ließem Castle. 2015, p. 57.
  4. ↑ a b Knut Schulz: Ministry and bourgeoisie in Trier. Investigations into the legal and social structure of the citizens of Trier from the late 11th to the end of the 14th century. Röhrscheid, Bonn 1968, p. 98 ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Gilbert and Christa Haufs-Brusberg: Balduins Burgen. A journey into the Electorate of Trier past. 1997, p. 39.
  6. ↑ Information according to Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Burg Ließem. 2015, p. 58. Stefan Weispfennig states in his Ebidat article that the buyer could also have been Dieter von Enschringen. See entry by Stefan Weispfennig on Ließem Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute.
  7. ↑ a b Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Ließem Castle. 2015, p. 58.
  8. ↑ a b Ließem Castle on welt-der-wappen.de , accessed on December 20, 2018.
  9. ↑ a b Ralph Matthias Schmitz: Ließem Castle. 2015, p. 59.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Bernd Altmann, Hans Caspary: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Bitburg-Prüm district. Volume 9.2: City of Bitburg, Verbandsgemeinden Bitburg-Land and Irrel. 1997, p. 270.
  11. ↑ Information about the castle on the website of the Verbandsgemeinde Bitburger Land , accessed on November 9, 2018.
  12. ^ Karl Emerich Krämer : From castle to castle through the Eifel. 4th edition. Mercator, Duisburg 1986, ISBN 3-87463-066-8 , p. 56.

Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 28.5 "  N , 6 ° 28 ′ 51.6"  E