Rabenstein Castle (Fläming)
| Rabenstein Castle | ||
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 Gatehouse and keep |
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| Creation time : | between 1209 and 1212 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Standing position : | Adelsburg | |
| Construction: | Field stone | |
| Place: | Ravens | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 2 '4.8 " N , 12 ° 34' 44.8" E | |
| Height: | 153 m above sea level NN | |
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The Rabenstein Castle is a late medieval castle south of the village Raben , a local part of the municipality Rabenstein / Fläming in Potsdam-Mittelmark in Brandenburg .
location
The hilltop castle is located on the steep Hagen , a 153 m above sea level. NN high elevation in the nature park Hoher Fläming . It is located near the Klein Marzehns junction on the A 9 . The next train station is in Bad Belzig . The European cycle path R1 runs below the castle .
history
Rabenstein Castle was built between 1209 and 1212. It was supposed to help control the transition over the tarpaulin on the highway between the cities of Wittenberg and Brandenburg an der Havel in Hohen Fläming . The castle was mentioned in documents in 1251 and 1277. In 1296, two years before his death, Albrecht II , Duke of Saxony-Wittenberg, stayed in the castle. In 1298 the Brandenburg Margrave Hermann first announced that it was besieged, and in 1377 the village of Raben below the castle was first mentioned in a document. In 1395 armed conflict broke out again around the castle and Rabenstein was set on fire by Magdeburg troops. 1428 14 villages and were from the castle district of 17 abandoned settlements managed. The bailiff at the castle at that time was a certain Albrecht von Leipzig. In 1453, Rabenstein came to the von Oppen families as a fief , before it returned to Electoral Saxon ownership before 1482.
In 1625 a professor from the University of Wittenberg named Unruh bought the castle and the estate for 20,000 thalers . Only a few years later, in the Thirty Years' War in 1636, the medieval Rabenstein Castle was sacked by Swedish troops. In 1663 the Leyser family inherited the complex and estate. A chapel was consecrated in the keep in 1717. Other owners of Rabenstein were the Loesecke, Laue and Grust families. In 1786, the Anhalt court marshal Carl August von Stangen acquired the complex, and in 1802 and 1804 the ducal family of Anhalt-Dessau bought Rabenstein and the property belonging to it. During the wars of liberation , Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte , who later became King Charles XIV of Sweden , moved into his headquarters in the castle for a few days. After the defeat of the French and the Saxons allied with them, at the subsequent Congress of Vienna in 1815 the region around Raben and with it the castle complex was finally politically added to Brandenburg and Prussia . The owners remained the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt. As a result, an agricultural and forestry business was established on Rabenstein. The castle was no longer of any military importance.
In the 1920s, Rabenstein Castle had to be closed due to dilapidation. After 1935, renovation work was carried out on the damaged castle before it was expropriated as part of the land reform in 1945. A forestry school then moved to Rabenstein Castle, and a youth hostel was opened in it in 1956 , which was operated until 1996. Extensive renovations were only carried out on the facility after 1990 before it passed into communal ownership. Today the owner is the municipality of Rabenstein / Fläming.
investment
Augenfälligster cropping of the castle is the visible from the valley already above the treetops keep . This is located in the southeast corner of the facility, directly at the gatehouse . It is built on a round ground plan from field stones and is about 30 meters high. Access is in the gatehouse. On its southeast side there are three windows that are not arranged axially one above the other, of which the upper and lower are rectangular windows and the middle one has a pointed arch . Another rectangular window faces west. Above this there is a small notch-like window opening. Another such notch-like window is there in the east. The tower has no battlements.
The gatehouse immediately to the left of the keep is two-storey and essentially dates from around 1250. In 1717 it was extended and expanded in the Baroque style . The building is plastered both inwards towards the courtyard and outwards. The plaster was painted a yellow shade during the last renovations. The archway is in the basement. This is designed as a pointed arch on the outside and a basket arch on the inside towards the courtyard . The entrance to the keep is in the passage. The windows on the upper floor are rectangular with wooden lintels. From the inner courtyard there is still access to the upper floor via an outside staircase in the southern castle wall. The gatehouse has a mansard roof with bat dormers in the attic.
The main house is on the north side of the keep. The outer wall consists of unplastered field stones, with structural changes also being made with bricks . The main house is plastered in the courtyard and under the north gable. This plaster was painted the same shade of yellow as the main house. Today you can see different generations of windows of different sizes in the outer wall. There are rectangular and segmented arched windows there . The windows to the inner courtyard are rectangular lattice windows . There are also some entrances to the building, some via short outside stairs. The floors are optically divided by a simple cornice . There is also a simple eaves cornice under the eaves . The gable roof was covered with red beaver tails . Bat dormers can also be found here.
The main house is followed by a single-storey outbuilding. This is also unplastered on the outside. Inside, the plaster was painted an orange tone. The dormer in the attic was constructed here as a drag dormer .
A stable building, the core of which is said to date from the 13th century, forms the northern end of the courtyard. Today it is called the “Knight's Hall”, is bare and made of field stones. The entrance is under a round arch, with the double-winged barn door itself being designed with segmental arches. The windows to the right and left of the gate are also arched. The outside windows are also arched windows. Due to the structural conditions of the castle, this part of the building has a trapezoidal floor plan. The long side of the square faces the castle courtyard, the short one outwards. The roof of the barn is a baroque mansard roof. Bat dormers have been incorporated into two floors. In addition, there is a gable dormer with wooden shutters and a wooden crane directly above the gate of the stable . It was used to store materials, fodder and the like.
To the right of the “knight's hall” is another former stable building. It is plastered to the inner courtyard and painted in an orange tone. The windows are rectangular lattice windows, the doors have segmental arches. The roof is a gable roof in which there is a dormer window closed with wooden shutters. This building is followed by the castle wall up to the gatehouse, some of which have round-arched reinforcements and a segment-arched passage to the circular path around the castle wall. The wall in this area is partly made of bricks. The castle wall is about 1.70 meters thick and consists mainly of hewn field stones. The wall is supported by 18 pillars. The battlements of the castle are no longer preserved today.
There are other buildings outside the courtyard, such as a barn also made of field stones . This has a conspicuous plank truss roof . Only the foundation walls of several buildings have survived. There is a one-story bakery in front of the parking lot to the castle . To the right of the keep below the castle there is an old well and an ice cellar .
Todays use
After the labor promotion association unexpectedly withdrew from the long-term lease, Rabenstein Castle passed into private hands in January 2017. The community leases its fortress to the Ebert family. Today there is a rustically furnished hostel in the castle buildings, where overnight stays are possible, as well as a restaurant. A falconry is back in operation in the immediate vicinity, and flight demonstrations are held regularly in the summer months. In addition to the Medieval Festival and the regular knight dinners, new events are planned. For the first time, a large flea market started at the castle on Sunday, July 9th and Sunday, August 13th, 2017, and a Christmas market is held here during Advent.
The castle was also often used as a film set . In 1972 the film Die Hosen des Ritters von Bredow was shot here, with many well-known actors such as Rolf Hoppe and Armin Mueller-Stahl . The castle was the knight's residence in the film and was slightly rebuilt for filming.
Natural monuments
In the immediate vicinity, in the access area to the castle, there are three trees that are protected as natural monuments . These are a common horse chestnut in front of the barn and a summer and winter linden near the bakery , which have been included in the list of monuments due to their rarity, individuality, size and growth.
literature
- Peter Feist : Rabenstein Castle in Fläming. Kai Homilius Verlag , Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-931121-02-X , ( reading sample )
- Thomas Langer, Matthias Helle: Rabenstein Castle. In: Palaces and Gardens of the Mark. Edited by the Friends of the Palaces and Gardens of the Mark. German Society V .; Berlin 2006.
Web links
- Homepage of Rabenstein Castle
- History of Rabenstein Castle
- Material on Rabenstein Castle (PDF; 253 kB) in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin
- Rabenstein Castle. Romanesque routes in Berlin and Brandenburg
Individual evidence
- ^ Photo by Gregor Rom: Rabenstein Castle Timeline , first part, January 6, 2014.
- ^ Photo by Gregor Rom: Rabenstein Castle Timeline , second part, January 6, 2013