Buruncum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Worringen Fort
Alternative name a) Buruncum ,
b) Burungum ,
c) Boruncum
limes Lower Germanic Limes
Dating (occupancy) unknown until late antiquity
Type Alenkastell
unit a) Ala Gallorum Indiana ?,
b) Legio V Alaudae ?
State of preservation archaeologically not proven.
place Worringen
Template: Infobox Limeskastell / Maintenance / Untraceable
Previous CCAA
Subsequently Durnomagus

Buruncum , also Burungum or Boruncum , was a Roman equestrian camp, a so-called Alenkastell , with around 480 men on the Lower Germanic Limes . The Itinerarium Antonini locates the camp north of Cologne near what is now Worringen . It has not yet been proven archaeologically.

The area of ​​the district has been around since 500 BC. Settled. The first settlers were the Celtic Eburones , who lived around 20 BC. Were ousted by the Ubiern . They were followed by the Romans around AD 50. The Roman military road from Cologne to Neuss ran via Worringen and remained an important transport link into the Middle Ages. Part of its route is still in use today and runs under the Bergheim - Rommerskirchen road. Burungum is referred to as the location of a cavalry unit (Latin ala). Historical research suggests that the camp was built as part of the military restructuring of Lower Germany after the Batavian Uprising by the Ala Gallorum Indiana , who had moved here . Possibly there was also a vexillation of the Legio V Alaudae here in the 1st century AD .

Etymologically , the place name Worringen can be traced back to the Roman name Buruncum via the medieval names Worunc (1153), Worunc (1170) or Wurung .

location

The itinerary lists Buruncum as a waypoint on the Roman Empire Road from Cologne (CCAA) to Xanten (CUT). The relevant route section reads as follows: Colonia Agrippina (Cologne) - Durnomagus (Dormagen) leugas VII, ala - Buruncum leugas V, ala - Novesio (Neuss) leugas V, ala. The order in which they were named was initially puzzling, as Buruncum apparently has to be located north of Dormagen. According to the current state of research, however, it is assumed that Buruncum was either located on a parallel section of road or that the traditional route is a prescription.

Research history

The Prussian Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt (1786–1845) already located Buruncum in 1839 in the vicinity of the Alt St. Pankratius Church in Cologne-Worringen. Schmidt previously assumed that Buruncum could be identical to Haus Bürgel . However, he corrected this assumption after the Pankratius Church, which was based on Roman foundations and located higher up, survived the flood of the Rhine at Carnival in 1837 without damage. Anton Rein, rector of the Krefeld secondary school, in a publication published in 1855, again advocated the thesis that Buruncum must be Haus Bürgel. On the basis of a Roman dedicatory inscription found near Worringen with an inscription of the place name Segorigiensium , it was clear to Rein that Worringen would be this vicus , which has also not yet been archaeologically proven . However, it was convincingly refuted by Franz Cramer in 1901 . Most recently, Géza Alföldy agreed that Buruncum should be found in today's Worringen. In Worringen "... no auxiliary fort is known archaeologically, but the Alenkastel Burungum (between Cologne and Neuss), as attested in the literary sources, can hardly be looked for anywhere else".

literature

  • Franz Cramer: Buruncum -Worringen, not Bürgel. In: Bonner Jahrbücher, issue 107, Bonn 1901, pp. 190–202.
  • Franz Cramer: Buruncum = Worringen and the order of names in the Antonine Itinerary. In: Roman-Germanic Studies. Collected contributions to Roman-Germanic antiquity. Breslau 1914, pp. 120-122.
  • Anton Hermann Rein: Haus Bürgel the Roman Burungum by location, name and antiquity. In addition to excursions on the changes in the course of the Rhine there and the location of Zons on it, the Roman inscriptions on Dormagen, Worringen and Bürgel, and the worship of matrons. Krefeld 1855.
  • Theodor Bergk: On the history and topography of the Rhineland in Roman times . Reprint of the original from 1882, Europ. Geschichtsverlag, Paderborn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7340-0221-2 .
  • A. Marcus: Yearbooks of the Association of Old Age Friends in the Rhineland . Volume IV, Bonn 1844.
  • Géza Alföldy: The auxiliary troops of the Roman province Germania inferior . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1968.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jürgen Kunow : The military history of Lower Germany. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia. 1987, p. 52.
  2. ^ A. Marcus 1844, p. 239.
  3. ^ Toni Jägers: Cologne-Worringen in history and stories. Self-published, Dormagen 1985. p. 16.
  4. ↑ T. Bergk 2015, p. 175
  5. ^ Ernst Schmidt (ed.): Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt: Research on the Roman roads etc. in the Rhineland. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 31, 1861, p. 87.
  6. ^ Purely 1855.
  7. ↑ CIL 13, 8518
  8. ↑ Rein 1855. p. 23.
  9. ↑ Cramer 1901. pp. 190-202.
  10. ↑ Géza Alföldy 1968, p. 20