C / 1853 L1 (clinker feet)
| C / 1853 L1 (clinker feet) [i] | |
|---|---|
| Properties of the orbit ( animation ) | |
| Orbit type | hyperbolic |
| Numerical eccentricity | 1,00025 |
| Perihelion | 0.307 AU |
| Inclination of the orbit plane | 61.5 ° |
| Perihelion | September 2, 1853 |
| Orbital velocity in the perihelion | 76.0 km / s |
| history | |
| Explorer | EFW clinker feet |
| Date of discovery | June 11, 1853 |
| Older name | 1853 III |
| Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . Please also note the note on comet articles . | |
C / 1853 L1 (Klinkerfues) was a comet that could be seen with the naked eye in 1853 . Because of its great brightness and also because of its telescopic visibility in the daytime sky, some count it among the " Great Comets ".
Discovery and observation
The comet was discovered by Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues at the Göttingen observatory on the night of June 10th to 11th, 1853 when it was still a very weak object and was more than 2 AU away from the earth .
Nevertheless, the comet was observed intensively telescopically during June and July, until it became visible to the naked eye from the beginning of August with a brightness of about 5–6 mag. By August 19, the brightness had increased to 2–3 mag and a tail several degrees long had developed. By the end of August the brightness had increased to 0 mag and the length of the tail reached 12.5 °.
On August 30th, Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt in Olomouc was able to observe the comet in the daytime sky about 15 ° next to the sun with a telescope and continued these observations until September 4th, when the comet was about 8 ° its closest approach to the sun had achieved. Even John Hartnup Sr. managed from Liverpool to watch in the daytime from the comet on September 3.
At that time, the comet was already in the sky south of the sun and was therefore also visible to observers in the southern hemisphere from September 12th in the morning sky . In mid-September the brightness had decreased to 2 mag and the length of the tail decreased to 5 °. The comet then quickly faded and could no longer be seen with the naked eye from mid-October. The last position was determined on January 10, 1854 at the Royal Observatory on the Cape of Good Hope and the last observation took place the following night.
The comet achieved a maximum brightness of at least -1 mag during its appearance in the daytime sky.
Orbit
From around 350 observations over a period of 213 days, only a limited precise hyperbolic orbit could be determined for the comet, which is inclined by around 62 ° to the ecliptic . At the point of the orbit closest to the sun ( perihelion ), which the comet passed on September 2, 1853, it was located at a distance of 45.9 million km from the sun in the area of the orbit of Mercury . Already on August 11th he had passed Venus at a distance of 97.3 million km and on September 1st he had passed Mercury at a distance of 60.9 million km. Its closest approach to earth took place on September 5, at a distance of about 0.71 AU / 106.6 million km.
The comet moves in a hyperbolic orbit around the sun. After the orbital elements , which were afflicted with a certain uncertainty, when the comet appeared in 1853, the eccentricity of its orbit was increased by about 0.0002 due to the gravitational pull of the planets. It is unlikely to return to the inner solar system .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Klinkerfues: Discovery of a New Comet. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. XIII (8), 1853, p. 239. ( bibcode : 1853MNRAS..13..239K ).
- ^ DAJ Seargent: The Greatest Comets in History: Broom Stars and Celestial Scimitars . Springer, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-09512-7 , p. 233.
- ↑ GW Kronk: Cometography - A Catalog of Comets, Volume 2. 1800-1899 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-521-58505-8 , pp. 222-226.
- ^ John E. Bortle: International Comet Quarterly - The Bright-Comet Chronicles. Retrieved July 24, 2015 .
- ↑ C / 1853 L1 (Klinkerfues) in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
- ↑ SOLEX 11.0 A. Vitagliano. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2014 .