Calcium propionate

Structural formula
${\displaystyle \mathrm {\ {\Biggl [}} }$ ${\displaystyle \mathrm {\ \!\ {\Biggr ]}_{2}} }$
General
Surname	Calcium propionate
other names	Calcium dipropionate E  282 CALCIUM PROPIONATE ( INCI )
Molecular formula	C 6 H 10 CaO 4
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 4075-81-4 EC number 223-795-8 ECHA InfoCard 100,021,633 PubChem 19999 ChemSpider 18840 Wikidata Q417394
properties
Molar mass	186.22 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	> 300 ° C
solubility	good in water (260 g l −1 at 20 ° C) poorly soluble in ethanol
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	2350 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  oral ) 3920 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Calcium propionate is an odorless, colorless salt of propionic acid in its pure form with the empirical formula C ₆ H ₁₀ CaO ₄ . Calcium propionate decomposes at around 300 ° C. If the compound contains unreacted propionic acid from the production process, it has a pungent odor. The fungistatic inhibits the growth of fungi and is used as a preservative (E 282) in food - especially for bread and other baked goods . Calcium propionate is also used in cosmetics or as a feed additive to compound feed .

Manufacturing

Calcium propionate is obtained in a direct synthesis; here calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide are placed in a mixer and reacted with propionic acid. Pure calcium hydroxide could also be used, but since water is formed as a by-product, calcium oxide can be used, which reacts with the water to form calcium hydroxide. Excess water is evaporated under negative pressure (0.6 to 0.95 bar ) at approx. 70–90 ° C.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {CaO\ +\ 2\ C_{2}H_{5}{-}COOH\ {\xrightarrow[{0,6-0,95bar}]{\triangle }}\ Ca(C_{2}H_{5}{-}COO)_{2}\ +\ H_{2}O\uparrow } }$

Calcium oxide and propionic acid react when heated and under pressure to form calcium propionate and water

Sub-steps of the reaction:

a) ${\displaystyle \mathrm {CaO+\!\ H_{2}O\rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}} }$

b) ${\displaystyle \mathrm {Ca(OH)_{2}+2\ C_{2}H_{5}COOH\rightarrow Ca(C_{2}H_{5}COO)_{2}+2\ H_{2}O} }$

properties

Calcium propionate crystallizes as a monohydrate, which releases its water of crystallization at 100 ° C. It decomposes at 350 - 450 ° C with the formation of calcium carbonate .

safety instructions

With prolonged administration of propionic acid and propionates in the feed of rats in doses between 0.6 and 5%, these cause changes in the forestomach ( thickening and inflammation). However, this is classified as a species-specific reaction for rats, since no such effects were observed in other animal species such as mice and rabbits.

See also

• Sodium propionate (E 281)
• Potassium propionate (E 283)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on E 282: Calcium propionate in the European database for food additives, accessed on June 27, 2020.
2. ↑ Entry on CALCIUM PROPIONATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on February 24, 2020.
3. ^ ^{A b} Richard J. Lewis, Sr .: Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary . 15th edition. Wiley-Interscience, 2007, ISBN 978-0-471-76865-4 (English).
4. ↑ ^{a b c} data sheet Calcium propionate hydrate, 97% from AlfaAesar, accessed on December 7, 2019 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .
5. ↑ Data sheet calcium propionate from Acros, accessed on February 24, 2013.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Kenkyu Nenpo - Tokyo-toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho. Annual Report of Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health. Vol. 27, Pg. 159, 1976.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Entry on calcium propionate in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
8. ^ A. Renard: "Sur les propionates métalliques" in Comptes rend. hebd. 1887 , 104 , pp. 913-917. Full text
9. ↑ CA O'Connell, D. Dollimore: "A study of the decomposition of calcium propionate, using simultaneous TG-DTA" in Thermochimica Acta 2000 , 357-358 , pp. 79-87. doi : 10.1016 / S0040-6031 (00) 00371-3
10. ^ AK Galwey, ME Brown: Thermal Decomposition of Ionic Solids: Chemical Properties and Reactivities of Ionic Crystalline Phases . Elsevier, 1999, ISBN 0-08-054279-4 , pp. 451 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
11. ↑ H.-G. Classen, PS Elias, WP Hammes, M. Winter: Toxicological-hygienic assessment of food ingredients and additives. Behr's Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-86022-806-7 .