Canarina
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The genus Canarina (German about: Canary Bell Flowers ) belongs to the family of bellflower plants (Campanulaceae). It contains three species that, despite their name, are not restricted to the Canary Islands , but are also partly distributed in East Africa. This distribution suggests that this genus is a relic of the warm-tempered Tertiary .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Canarina species are erect, creeping or climbing and sometimes epiphytic perennial herbaceous plants . The leaves are always undivided and vary from egg-shaped to heart-shaped to arrow-shaped. The leaf margin is serrated.
Generative characteristics
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and six-fold (this is a specialty within the Campanuloideae) with a double flower envelope . There are six sepals . The six petals are fused bell-shaped with only relatively short corolla lobes. The crown is colored yellow-orange to red-orange and partly provided with dark nerves. There is only one circle with six stamens . The pollen has three, rarely four pores ("porat"), some of which are drawn out ("colporat").
The fruit is an unusual berry for the bluebell family .
The number of chromosomes in all species is 2n = 34, tetraploid individuals also occur, but rarely.
ecology
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Canarina species are geophytes .
The Canarian species Canarina canariensis is bird-pollinated , with pollination in the Canary Islands mainly by a subspecies of the willow warbler ( Phylloscopus collybita canariensis ) that lives there. This species of bird has perfected the sucking of nectar from flowers. In the African species, the pollinators are unknown, but probably also birds.
Systematics
Taxonomy
The genus Canarina was established in 1771 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum , 2, p. 148; there the two spellings "Canaria" and "Canaria" are used. The type species is Canarina campanula L. , which is a synonym of Canarina canariensis . Synonyms for Canarina L. are: Pernetya Scop. , Mindium Adans.
External system
The genus Canarina belongs to the Campanulaceae in the narrower sense, so to the current subfamily Campanuloideae and is there in a related group with the genera Codonopsis , Cyananthus , Leptocodon and Platycodon .
Species and their distribution
- Canarina abyssinica Engl. (Syn .: Canarina abyssinica var. Umbrosa Engl. ): It occurs in Africa from northern Tanzania to Ethiopia .
- Canarina canariensis (L.) Vatke (Syn .: Canarina campanula L. , Campanula hastifolia Salisb. , Mindium canariense (L.) Raf. , Canarina laevigata G.Don , Canarina canariensis var. Angustifolia G.Kunkel ): It just comes up the Canary Islands.
- Canarina eminii ash. & Schweinf. (Syn .: Canarina elegantissima T.CEFr. , Canarina eminii var. Elgonensis T.CEFr. ): It occurs in Africa from northern Malawi to Ethiopia.
The "Art" Canarina zanguebar Lour. According to Hedberg 1961, it cannot be assigned to any herbarium evidence and can therefore not be regarded as existing. The "Art" Canarina moluccana Roxb. is now considered a synonym of Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxb.) Short .
literature
- Olov Hedberg: Monograph of the genus Canarina L. (Campanulaceae). In: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift . ISSN 0039-646X , No. 55, 1961, pp. 1-62.
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Willow birds" ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Contribution by Olaf Schmidt, in LWF Report No. 24, 2000/4, Chapter 6; ed. by the Bavarian State Institute for Forests and Forestry (LWF) ( PDF file; file pages 23–24)
- ^ Canarina at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 30, 2013.
- ↑ WMM Eddie, TV Shulkina, JF Gaskin, RC Haberle, RK Jansen: Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. st. from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ISSN 0026-6493 , No. 90, 2003, pp. 554-575.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Canarina. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 17, 2020.
