Carl Furtmüller

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Carl Furtmüller (born August 2, 1880 in Vienna , † January 1, 1951 in Mariapfarr ) was an Austrian pedagogue and psychologist who was instrumental in initiating the use of individual psychology as part of the Vienna school reform.

Life

Carl Furtmüller's father was a dispatcher in a trading company. His mother was the daughter of a Jewish trader who had converted to the Catholic faith. Furtmüller attended the Schottengymnasium and studied from 1898 at the philosophical faculty of the University of Vienna . He received his doctorate in 1902 with his dissertation The Theory of the Epic with the Schlegel brothers, the classics and Wilhelm von Humboldt . Around 1900 he joined the Social Democrats and was a co-founder of the Volksheim association , Austria's first adult education center .

From 1901 Furtmüller taught at the Sophiengymnasium in Vienna and then from 1904 to 1909 at the grammar school in Kaaden (now the Czech Republic ) German, Latin and Greek. In 1904 he married the Russian émigré Aline Klatschko , who later became a social democratic member of the Vienna state parliament . In 1909 Furtmüller returned to Vienna, where he taught at a secondary school until 1909. Alfred Adler , whose wife was also of Russian descent, introduced Furtmüller in 1909 to the Psychological Wednesday Society, from which the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association emerged . After Adler separated from Freud , Furtmüller became his most important collaborator in the development of individual psychology . From 1914 to 1918, the war opponent Furtmüller had to do military service. In 1919 he was appointed to the reform department of the Ministry of Education. During the Viennese school reform he was a close collaborator of Otto Glöckel for the reform of the middle school ( general middle school , 1922-1927). He promoted the establishment of educational counseling centers and helped Alfred Adler to become a lecturer at the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Vienna . In 1922 he became state school inspector of the city school council in Vienna.

In 1934 he was removed from office by the Dollfuss regime. In 1938 he and his wife had to flee National Socialism and emigrate to the USA via France and Spain in 1941 , where his wife died in the same year.

Furtmüller returned to Austria in 1947, where he headed the Pedagogical Institute of the City of Vienna until his death. His grave is located in the urn grove of the Simmering fire hall and is one of the honorary grave sites of the City of Vienna.

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Furtmüller wrote articles about school reform in socialist and educational magazines and was editor of the magazine Wiener Schule des Stadtschulrat from 1920 to 1933 .

" What is only a sanguine hope for the enthusiastic educator, becomes a solid scientific conviction for the individual psychological approach by analyzing the development of the human personality: The character of the human being no longer appears as an unchangeable and therefore desolate fact, but as something that is becoming, itself Formative, formable and transformable, and so the expectation is justified that a complete reorganization of upbringing will one day bring us a healthier, bolder and happier sex. But this exhilarating prospect is immediately countered by the depressing realization that we lack the gender of the new educators for this new education, that the vast majority of those who lead the youth in family and school have even the traces and scars of the old education in itself and therefore inevitably changes the ways of this old upbringing, albeit often in a different form, albeit in a weakening of its most palpable mistakes, albeit sometimes in self-deception, to do exactly the opposite. "

- Carl Furtmüller: Thinking and acting

literature

  • Carl Furtmüller: Thinking and acting - writings on psychology 1905–1950. From the beginnings of psychoanalysis to the application of individual psychology ; Munich: Ernst Reinhardt, 1983; ISBN 3-497-00992-X
  • Bernhard Handlbauer: Carl Furtmüller ; in: E. Federn & G. Wittenberger (ed.): From the circle around Sigmund Freud , Frankfurt a. M. 1992
  • Irmgard Fuchs: Carl Furtmüller: a politician in the service of the youth ; in: Alfred Lévy, Gerald Mackenthun (Ed.): Gestalten around Alfred Adler - pioneers of individual psychology ; Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2002: ISBN 3-8260-2156-8
  • Clara Kenner: Carl Furtmüller . In: Der zerrissene Himmel - Emigration and Exile of the Viennese Individual Psychology. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 9783525453209 , pp. 120–123.
  • Oskar Achs: Between yesterday and tomorrow. Carl and Aline Furtmüller's struggle for school reform . Lit Verlag , Münster 2015, ISBN 978-3-643-50716-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernhard Handlbauer: Carl Furtmüller ; in: E. Federn & G. Wittenberger (ed.): From the circle around Sigmund Freud , Frankfurt a. M. 1992
  2. ↑ www.friedhoefewien.at - Graves dedicated to honor in the fire hall Simmering cemetery (PDF 2016), accessed on March 7, 2018
  3. ^ Carl Furtmüller Thinking and Acting , 1930/1983
personal data
SURNAME Furtmuller, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian educator and social reformer
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 1951
Place of death Mariapfarr (Lungau / Salzburg)