Carl Georg Allhusen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carl Georg Allhusen (born July 1, 1798 in Kiel , Kingdom of Denmark ; died January 11, 1866 in Kiel-Gaarden ) was a German businessman and early socialist. His pseudonym was Dr. Wendel-Hippler .

Origin, education and entrepreneurship

Carl Georg Allhusen came from his merchant family. He was the eldest son of the businessman Carl Christian Friederich Allhusen (born August 11, 1770 in Wismar ; October 1, 1840 in Kiel) and his wife Anna Margaretha nee. Schröder. His father took the Kiel citizenship oath in 1797. Allhusen spent his childhood in Kiel and received commercial training in Rostock from 1814 to 1819 . In 1819 he moved to Newcastle upon Tyne , where he worked as a commercial clerk. From 1826 he worked independently. In 1827 he married Margaret, née Elliot, with whom he had two daughters and four sons.

In 1828 Allhusen took his brothers Christian and Fritz into his company. In 1830 he gave Christian shareholder rights, which Christian would lose in the event of a conflict. Allhausen fell seriously ill for a long time the following year; his brother Christian meanwhile destroyed the contract and triggered a heated argument after his brother's recovery.

Allhusen had a second company in Newcastle that was not making a profit. So in 1832 he founded a trading house in Liverpool with his brother Fritz, who moved to London in 1835 . Allhusen emigrated to the United States, where he opened a company in New Orleans and became an American citizen. Due to the successful business, he was able to go on long private trips with his wife during this time. In 1839 he moved back to Europe due to the global economic crisis . His wife lived with three children in Le Havre , he himself worked as a correspondent in London and tried to reach an amicable settlement in the dispute with his brother Christian. However, the latter denied him the shares as the founder and owner of the parent company, to which Allhusen responded with leaflets in which he complained about the breach of trust. Angry and concerned for the family, he threatened his brother and was imprisoned as a result. His brother then agreed to settle the dispute, with the condition that Allhusen leave England with the family.

Allhusen's wife ensured the existence of her family during her husband's imprisonment with a cleaning business in Hamburg . In 1840 Allhusen moved his residence to the Hanseatic city and traveled from there to Hungary and France in the following years. From 1847 to 1849 he worked in Bordeaux as a correspondent in a trading house, which was probably a wine shop. In 1848 his brother Fritz died childless, as a result of which Allhusen received an inheritance that enabled him to quit the position in France.

Commitment as a socialist

During this time Allhusen read the novel Voyage en Icarie by Étienne Cabet and met the author personally during a visit. Due to his enthusiasm for the author, his principles and democratic intentions, he suddenly gave up his bourgeois existence. Letters and records show that the social divisions triggered by the industrial revolution had moved him for a long time. During his stay in Newcastle he had attended a lecture by Robert Owen and had different impressions in the USA. He found the political freedoms there to be very desirable, but also noted that this system, like the liberal states of Europe, could not resolve the conflicts triggered by capitalism. From his point of view, the French social revolutionary writers confirmed their own views and tackled the big problems more briskly than most of the enlightenmentists of the 18th century.

Allhusen was convinced by the socialist view of human rights that the general public's right to life, freedom, education and prosperity is more important than private property. Like the communists, he thought that soil, mines, water and all sources of wealth should be communitized so that all people could benefit from the proceeds. In his view, the social problems had inevitably given rise to socialist and communist currents that were necessary to correct the grievances. He saw their concepts as a "science of society" that should liberate society and considered both movements important because, even if they did not fully achieve their goals, they would help people achieve more peace, prosperity and happiness. For the German states, he thought Cabet's approach to a nonviolent democracy was best suited.

In 1849 Allhusen moved to Kiel again. In the following years he invested time and money in social projects. In March 1850 he opened a bookshop with which he wanted to sell his own works. His wife, who was only able to understand his concerns years later, after reading Owen, supported him in his endeavors. Allhusen tried to educate and train the workers. He gave lectures in the Kiel trade association and the Hamburg workers' education association, which he advertised in the local press. In the associations he obtained the addresses of the network of associations that belonged to the workers' brotherhood and were close to it. He read all newly published texts of a radical democratic, socially critical and communist nature. He translates, edited and commented on French and Anglo-American works and published them himself.

In 1850 Allhusen printed a total of 13,500 pamphlets, posters and appeals addressed to workers and distributed them to local workers' associations and journeyman's hostels in the German federal states. He paid for printing and mailing himself or offered them at low prices through booksellers. In comparison to French and Anglo-American works, he considered German literature to be little engaged and colorless. Therefore, he brought German readers closer to texts by Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach , Thomas Paine and Cabet. His translation of the French constitution of 1878 was intended to be a template for a German social republic.

Allhusen created a wall notice with which he recommended Cabet's Iikarian theories and campaigned for his communitarian colony in the USA. He asked the Danish government for a commission to reform property law and advised the king to inspect Cabet's colony in the USA and to set up an experimental settlement in Denmark based on this model. Allhusen firmly rejected nationalism, as well as arms spending and wars. Instead, he spoke out in favor of a European confederation that should support friendship between peoples. Like Cabet and Owen, he wished that the power of public opinion would lead to the popular cause prevailing. Unlike Owen, he didn't think the government should take care of the problems. Instead, he saw the duty of workers to understand that they were to force reform or bring about a revolution. After the June Uprising , he wrote personal notes, notes and letters to criticize Cabet for continuing to insist on nonviolent protest.

The liberal authorities from Kiel initially let Allhusen go. The rulers in Prussia, Saxony, Austria and Bavaria tried to suppress his publications, called him a "agitator" and massively urged the Danish government to end his activities. The Danes initially held back until the Kiel police heard and observed Allhusen in December 1850. At the end of 1852 he was banned from publishing, his house was searched and his writings were confiscated. A court case in the autumn of 1853 ended without penalty, but led to police supervision and control of his mail.

Allhusen opposed the prohibitions and cultivated secret contacts with politicians and intellectuals, publishers, booksellers and workers. In July 1854 he was expelled from Kiel; Hamburg and Hanover refused his stay. In August 1854 he therefore traveled to London. His wife submitted petitions and the US consul intervened, so that Allhusen was allowed to return for a limited period in late autumn 1854. He had middlemen who transported his printed matter, exchanged ideas with Cabet, contacted his office in Paris and communicated with Owen from August 1855. In May / June 1856 he met Owen's secretary James Rigly in London. In England he promoted the movement there through speeches and leaflets.

At the beginning of 1859 Allhusen stayed in Hamburg and tried to put a leaflet into print and was arrested. His wife and the American consul stood up for him again, so that he was released from prison, combined with the requirements that he was only allowed to stay in Gaarden , to be incapacitated and to be placed under a trustee . Allhusen became increasingly blind, but in 1862 he still published political appeals that appeared in advertising sections of German newspapers.

Works

  • About metal and paper money and the deceptions of the banknote system . Based on the English by CG Allhusen. Kiel 1850. In Commission for Germany: Costenoble and Remmelmann, Leipzig. Digitized
  • Folk calendar. New era. Year I (From March 21, 1850 to March 20, 1851 of the old days) . Allhusen's Verlag, Kiel 1850. Printed by the school book printer.
  • ( Étienne Cabet ): The new moral improvement through the Icarean community. In 12 letters . German by CG Allhusen. Kiel 1850. On commission from Heinrich Matthes, Leipzig 1850.
  • The woman, her unhappy fate in contemporary society, her happiness in the “German-Ikarian community” , by Cabet. Translated from the French by Dr. Hermann Ewerbeck . Edited by Allhusen in Kiel. Selbst-Verlag, Kiel 1850. Printed by the school book printer.
  • General political instruction for everyone . Edited by CG Allhusen. Kiel 1851. Commissioned by Heinrich Matthes, Leipzig 1851.
  • Paine 's Age of Reason. An examination of true and marvelous theology; and Cabet's Creed. German by CG Allhusen. Kiel 1851. Commissioned by Heinrich Matthes, Leipzig 1851.
  • Paine's Treatise on the First Principles of Government and Human Rights, along with the Constitution of the French Republic of November 4, 1848 . German by CG Allhusen. Commissioned by Heinrich Matthes Leipzig 1851. MDZ Reader
  • Baron d'Holbach Mirabaud : Outline of the system of nature, or the laws of the moral and natural world. From the French by CG Allhusen. Kiel 1851. Commissioned by Heinrich Matthes, Leipzig 1851.
  • Bordeaux and the wines of the Gironde . From the French. Edited by CG Allhusen. Heinrich Matthes, Leipzig 1851.
  • Images of the revolution from the years 1789 to 1794. In addition to the causes of revolutions and the way to prevent their evil . Translated from the French by CG Allhusen. CG Allhusens Verlag, Kiel 1852. Printed by SW Hirt in Ploen.
  • Draft of a constitution for the German Republic along with political dreams by Louis Napoleon . Printed by Samuel Wilhelm Hirt in Ploen.
  • Brain theory according to Dr. Gall . Edited by CG Allhusen in Kiel. Kiel 1852. Printed by Hirt in Plön.
  • The Newcastle Coal & Commissions Business, Its Abuses; as well as my repression, robbery, imprisonment, banishment and guardianship apart from a selfish and ruthless clique . Hall 1854.

literature

  • Allhusen, Carl Georg . In: Wermuth / Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. On official order for use by the police authorities of all German federal states. Second part. , Hayn, Berlin 1854, pp. 18-19. MDZ reader
  • Allhusen, Karl Georg. In: Eberhardt's Allgemeine Polizei-Anzeiger . Edited by Friedrich Eberhardt, Volume 31. Coburg 1850, pp. 53-54. Digitized
  • Allhusen, Carl Georg. In: Eberhardt's Allgemeine Polizei-Anzeiger . Edited by Robert Pikart. 48th volume. Liepsch & Reichhardt, Dresden 1859, pp. 81–82. Digitized
  • Allhusen, Karl Gustav . In: Eduard Alberti : Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1829 to mid-1866 Volume 1, Kiel 1867, pp. 9-10. MDZ reader
  • Frolinde Balser : Social Democracy 1848/49. the first German workers 'organization “General German workers' brotherhood” after the revolution . Klett, Stuttgart 1965, pp. 144, 139-328, 646-647, 556-557.
  • Jutta Schindlmayr-Reyle: The labor movement in the Rhine province 1850–1862 . Self-published, Cologne 1969, pp. 112–115. (Inaugural dissertation)
  • Gast Mannes: "You have to know what you want and want what you know". An example of early socialist propaganda in Luxembourg. CG Allhusen's Cabnetist-infected appeal to the workers (1850) . In: Gallery. Revue Culturelle et Pédagogique . 6 (1988). No. 3, pp. 370-378.
  • Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: The fifteen years war of the German police against Carl Georg Allhusen (1850-1865) . In: Contributions to post-March research . Christian Gottfried Nees von Esenbeck , Carl Georg Allhusen. Documentation on Wilhelm Wolff's library . Trier 1994. ( Writings from the Karl-Marx-Haus No. 47.) ISBN 3-86077-206-6 , pp. 103-186.
  • Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . In: Manfred Asendorf, Rolf von Bockel (eds.): Democratic ways. German résumés from five centuries . JB Metzler, Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-476-01244-1 , pp. 9-11.
  • Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Carl Georg Allhusen and Harro Harring . Compatriots, contemporaries, antipodes . In: Marx et autres exilés. Études en l'honneur de Jacques Grandjonc . Univ. de Provence, Aix-en-Provence 2002, pp. 7-15. (= Cahiers d'études germaniques 42)
  • Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 12. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 13-17.

Web links

literature

  • Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 13-17.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Fifteen Years' War of the German Police against Carl Georg Allhusen , p. 107.
  2. ↑ The Fifteen Years' War of the German Police against Carl Georg Allhusen , p. 157.
  3. ↑ Democratic Ways , p. 11.
  4. ^ Rolf Engelsing: On the social history of German middle and lower classes . 2., ext. Edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1978. ISBN 978-3-647-35975-5 , p. 316.
  5. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 13.
  6. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 13.
  7. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 13.
  8. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 13.
  9. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 13-14.
  10. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 14.
  11. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 14.
  12. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 15.
  13. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 15.
  14. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 15.
  15. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , page 15.
  16. ^ Waltraud Seidel-Höppner: Allhusen, Carl Georg . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982–2011. Vol. 12 - 2006. ISBN 3-529-02560-7 , pages 15-16.
  17. ↑ Appendix, pp. 117–127. "Election guidance under the protection of the provisional government of the French Free State."
  18. ↑ Appendix, pp. 71–79. “How I am a communist. From Cabet. "
  19. ↑ Manuscripts and pamphlets by Carl Georg Allhusen, pp. 165–167.
  20. ↑ All known archive materials from and about Allhusen, pp. 174–184.
personal data
SURNAME Allhusen, Carl Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wendel-Hippler, Dr. (Pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German early socialist
DATE OF BIRTH July 1, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiel
DATE OF DEATH January 11, 1866
Place of death Kiel-Gaarden