Chabbash

Name of Chabbash
Throne name	Senen-Tenenbaum Snn-TNN image of Tatenen Setepu-ni-Ptah Stpw-nj-PTH Chosen of Ptah Senen-Tenenbaum setepu-ni-Ptah (sa-re-Chabbasch Nehu-djet) Snn-TNN stpw-nj-PTH ( s3-RW HBSS-nbr-DT ) image of Tatenen, Chosen of Ptah, (son of Re , Chabbash - may he live forever)
Proper name	Chabbasch / Chebasch Ḫbbš Chababasha .... Ḫbbš ...
Location of the Chabbasch slingshot (Royal Palace of Apries in Memphis)

Chabbash is the name of a pharaoh (king), who was the anti-king in the 31st Dynasty from 338 to 336 BC. Ruled over most of Egypt during the rule of Arses . His reign is sometimes referred to as “32. Dynasty ”.

About the name and documents

The name of Chabbasch is confirmed in seven sources. Due to the hieroglyphic of writing multiple variations of reading are proper name possible: Chabbasch , Chebasch and Chababascha .

In a demotic papyrus , a marriage contract between the satirist and the Theban priest Djedhor , the note "First year of Pharaoh Chabbash, month of Achet III ( Hathyr  337 BC)" appears. In his second year of rule, month Akhet III (Hathyr 336 BC..) Via suitable Chabbasch in Memphis an Apis - sarcophagus . The content of the later decree of Ptolemy I , which was written in the seventh year of the reign of Alexander IV (311 BC), is written on the satrap stele . In retrospect, Ptolemy I referred to Chabbash as the king who ruled over all of Egypt.

“I am giving the Uto land to Harendotes , the Lord of Pe , and the Uto, the mistress of Pe and Dep, from today on forever, including ... everything that used to belong and what was added, including the donation that the Upper - and Lower Egyptian King Chabbash - may he live forever! - has made."

- Decree of Ptolemy I.

In the Memphite grave of the haremhab , Chabbash is documented on an amulet . In the ruins of the Royal Palace of Apries , archaeologists found a slinging projectile on which his name is inscribed in demotic script . Next to it is the name of Chabbasch on a vase from the Memphite region and on a scarab of unknown origin.

Whether a stele of the Meroitic king Nastasen actually reports about Chabbash is controversial in Egyptology . The name “ Chembes-uten / Chembes-weten ” appears on the stele , which is partly interpreted as the Meroitic derivation “ Chabbae ” in connection with the epithet “ given life ”.

Term of office

Manetho's original version of Aegyptiaca ended with the 30th Dynasty . The epitoms of the 31st Dynasty associated with Manetho go back to anonymous scribes who had completed the lists from other sources. Since Manetho only recorded the kings up to Nectanebo II , the name of Chabbash is missing. In the demotic chronicle , which only lists the kings by name up to the beginning of the 30th dynasty, Chabbash also does not appear. Based on this finding, Chabbash can only have come to the throne after the 30th dynasty.

The declarations written by Ptolemy I on the satrap's stele suggest that the first year of Chabbash's reign after the death of Artaxerxes III. around November 338 BC Began. The inscription on the Apis sarcophagus must be at least one year prior to the assumption of government by Dareios III. before the month of November of the year 336 BC BC, which is why the handover of the sarcophagus in January / February (month of Hathyr) of the year 336 BC , which was carried out after completion . Took place. The probable term of reign from the end of 338 to 336 BC can be determined from the dates mentioned. Determine in the Chabbash as Pharaoh ruled.

See also

• List of pharaohs

literature

• Leo Depuydt : Saite and Persian Egypt, 664 BC-332 BC (Dyns. 26-31, Psammetichus I to Alexander's Conquest of Egypt). In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 265-283 ( online ).
• Werner Huss : The enigmatic Pharaoh Chababasch . In: Studi epigraphici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico (SEL) 11 . 1994, pp. 97-112.
• Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 247-252.
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs . Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 97.
• Wilhelm Spiegelberg : The Papyrus Libbey: An Egyptian marriage contract . Trübner, Strasbourg 1907, ( Wilhelm Spiegelberg: Der Papyrus Libbey . P. 3. ( Memento from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ))
• Georg Steindorff : Documents of Egyptian antiquity. Part 2: Historical-biographical documents from the times of the kings Ptolemy Philadelphus and Ptolemy Euergetes I (written by Kurt Sethe ). Hinrichs, Leipzig 1904
• William Gillian Waddell: Manetho (The Loeb classical Library 350) . Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2004 (Reprint), ISBN 0-674-99385-3

Web links

• reshafim: The Satarapenstele of Ptolemaios I (English)
• The Nastasen Stele (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Wilhelm Spiegelberg: The Papyrus Libbey . S. 3. ( Memento from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
2. ↑ Georg Steindorff: Documents of the Egyptian antiquity . Pp. 1, 16, and 20.
3. ↑ Georg Steindorff: Documents of the Egyptian antiquity . P. 1 and 21.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Werner Huss: The enigmatic Pharaoh Chababasch . P. 97.
5. ↑ Ursula Kaplony-Heckel: The decree of the later King Ptolemaios I Soter in favor of the gods of Buto (satrap stele), 311 BC. Chr. In: Otto Kaiser u. a .: TUAT , Vol. 1: Legal and economic documents. Delivery 6: Historical-chronological texts . Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-00065-9 , pp. 613-619.
6. ^ William Gillian Waddell: Manetho . P. 183.

predecessor	Office	successor
Artaxerxes III.	Pharaoh of Egypt counter-king 338 to 336 BC Chr.	Dareios III.