Snowball-leaved goosefoot

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Snowball-leaved goosefoot
Snowball-leaved goosefoot (Chenopodium opulifolium), herbarium specimens

Snowball-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium opulifolium ), herbarium specimens

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Genre : Goose feet ( Chenopodium )
Type : Snowball-leaved goosefoot
Scientific name
Chenopodium opulifolium
Schrad. ex WDJKoch & Ziz

The snowball goosefoot ( Chenopodium opulifolium ), also called snowball goosefoot or snowball goose foot , is a plant species in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae) native to Central Europe .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The snowball-leaved goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with stature heights of usually 20 to 80 (to 100) cm. The upright to ascending, mostly heavily branched stem is densely floured and even in autumn does not turn red. Some of the side branches protrude almost horizontally, so that the whole plant looks almost hemispherical.

The non-aromatic leaves are gray-green on the top, lighter on the underside, and usually dense floured on both sides (similar to the white goose foot ). The petiole is about 0.5 to 2 (to 3) cm long. The leaf blade reaches a length of 1 to 3.5 (to 5) cm and a width of 1 to 3 (to 4) cm. The shape of the blade is egg-shaped or rhombic-egg-shaped, about as long as it is wide, and clearly three-lobed with short, blunt side lobes and a semicircular (rarely long-pointed) central lobe. The base of the blade is wedge-shaped or truncated, the leaf margin toothed or entire.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescences are terminal or laterally assembled pseudo-spikes of ball-shaped, almost spherical partial inflorescences with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. Bracts are missing. The hermaphroditic flowers have an envelope of five tepals that are only fused at the base . The Tepalenzipfel are egg-shaped with a blunt tip, about 1 mm long and 1.1 mm wide, densely floured and keeled on the back. There are five stamens and one ovary with two very short stigmas.

Fruit and seeds

At the time of fruiting, the fruit is covered by the flower envelope. The fruit is flat-egg-shaped, the smooth or indistinct granular pericarp does not lie against the seed. The seed is lenticular or flattened-spherical with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.25 mm. The black seed coat is smooth or slightly reticulated (radially grooved).

The flowering period extends from July to September. Pollination is usually done by the wind.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 54.

Occurrence and endangerment

The natural range of the snowball-leaved goosefoot is in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe , in northern and tropical Africa and in Southwest and West Asia to Central Asia (Turkmenistan). As an introduced species, it is also found in North America , Australia and South Africa .

In Central Europe, the snowball-leaved goosefoot is an archaeophyte that may have been indigenous without human intervention. It can be found from the plain to the hilly region and is considered to be warmth-loving here. It grows rarely and inconsistently in short-lived ruderal vegetation, for example on roadsides, on rubble sites or on walls on moderately dry, nutrient-rich sandy or loamy soils. It often occurs together with the striped goosefoot (in the Chenopodietum ruderale (stricti) or in the Sisymbrio-Atriplicetum oblongifoliae ).

In Germany the species is not endangered nationwide. In Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia , Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate , however, it is considered endangered ( Red List of Endangered Species 3). It is even endangered in Saxony and threatened with extinction in North Rhine-Westphalia .

In Switzerland , the snowball-leaved goose foot is threatened with extinction and in some areas is already extinct.

Systematics

The name of this kind goes back to Heinrich Adolf Schrader ; a valid first publication took place in 1814 by Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch and Johann Baptist Ziz .

Synonyms of Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex Koch & Ziz , which are based on the same type specimen, are Anserina opulifolia (Schrad. ex Koch & Ziz) Montandon , Chenopodium album subsp. opulifolium (Schrad. ex WDJ Koch & Ziz) Maire , Chenopodium album var. opulifolium (Schrad.) Aswal. and Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad.

As more synonyms are Chenopodium album f. viride (L.) Aellen , Chenopodium album var. viride (L.) Moq. , Chenopodium erosum bastard (nom. Illeg.), Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. orientale Murr , Chenopodium opulifolium subsp. ugandae Aellen , Chenopodium triangulare Forssk. , Chenopodium ugandae ( eels ) eels and probably Vulvaria opulifolia Bubani .

use

The leaves of the snowball goose foot can be cooked raw or cooked like spinach . Raw leaves should because of their content of saponins are, however, consumed only in small quantities. The seeds are also edible when cooked or can be used as flour additive when ground. It is recommended that you soak them overnight and then rinse them thoroughly to remove the saponins.

The whole plant can be used as a coloring plant for golden-green shades.

supporting documents

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 90 . (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Chenopodium opulifolium , p. 297 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich, Liechtenstein and Südtirol
  2. ↑ Chenopodium opulifolium atBiolFlor - database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  3. ↑ a b c Chenopodium opulifolium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 1, 2012.
  4. ↑ Chenopodium opulifolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  5. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 343 .
  6. ↑ Snowball-leaved goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
  7. ↑ Chenopodium opulifolium. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora). Last accessed May 6, 2015.
  8. ^ Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch, Johann Baptist Ziz: Catalogus plantarum quas in ditione florae Palatinatus legerunt G. Koch et JB Ziz: in amicorum usum conscriptus. Phanerogamia. Mainz 1814, p. 6 ( online ).
  9. ^ Entry in The Plant List , accessed February 1, 2012.
  10. ↑ a b Chenopodium opulifolium at Plants For A Future . Retrieved February 1, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Snowball-leaved Goosefoot ( Chenopodium opulifolium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files