Great cartilage lettuce

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Great cartilage lettuce
Greater cartilage lettuce (Chondrilla juncea)

Greater cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla )
Type : Great cartilage lettuce
Scientific name
Chondrilla juncea
L.

The great cartilaginous lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea ), also called rush cartilaginous lettuce , is a species of the genus cartilaginous lettuce ( Chondrilla ) within the daisy family (Asteraceae). It is native to Central Europe. The specific epithet juncea is derived from the word for rush and refers to the rush- like habitus of the species.

description

In the second half of the day, the flowers are usually closed. The whole plant appears blue-green frosted
Large cartilage lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea ), fruiting
Habitus

Vegetative characteristics

The greater cartilage lettuce is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of growth of up to 1 meter. Its roots reach two meters deep. The plant carries milky sap . The stems are blue-green, their base is hairy white-bristled protruding. The whole plant is sparse and slippery and branches out expansively above the basal leaves.

In strong sunlight, the leaves are perpendicular to the sun ( compass plant ). The basal leaves, like the stems, have blue-green frosting. Their shape is oblique saw- shaped , the central vein is hairy on the underside of the leaf. The basal leaves are dried up during flowering.

Generative characteristics

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The flowering period extends from July to September. The cup-shaped partial inflorescences stand together in loose , total inflorescences or on rod-shaped branches. The flower heads contain only ray florets .

The achenes are ribbed. The top is bumpy, long beaked. The pappus is multi-row and therefore raised like a stem with simple or short-toothed "rays". A scaly collar sits at the bottom of the pappus.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 15.

ecology

The great cartilaginous lettuce is a hemicryptophyte . The pollination is done by insects . The multiplication is done by Agamospermy . The flowers are open in the morning. The great cartilaginous lettuce has roots up to over 2 m deep.

Occurrence

The greater cartilage lettuce is native to southern, central and eastern Europe, western Asia, north Africa, the Caucasus and Turkmenistan. It is a neophyte in North America, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and Latvia. The great cartilage lettuce is native to Central Europe. In Germany it occurs mainly in the north-east German lowlands , also scattered on the Upper Rhine and in the Palatinate. It is endangered or endangered in several German federal states, and threatened with extinction in North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein . In Austria it is absent in Vorarlberg, Tyrol and Salzburg; in the Pannonian region it occurs scattered, otherwise rarely.

The greater cartilaginous lettuce grows on dry slopes, on river gravel, on dunes, ruderal sites and field margins. It prefers rather dry, sometimes calcareous and deep soils; it especially likes to grow on loess . He is a Unprocessed - pioneer . It only rises up to the submontane altitude level at altitudes of up to about 700 meters.

The Great Knorpellattich is phytosociological in Central Europe an association characteristic species of Diplotaxio tenuifoliae-Agropyretum repentis, but is generally in societies of classes Festuco-Brometea and Sedo Scleranthetea or dressing Dauco-Melilotion ago.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the large cartilaginous lettuce: Krümelin, Krümelsalat, Klein Sonnenwirbel, Sand hawk herb and Yellow Wegwart.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  984 .
  2. ↑ a b Chondrilla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  3. ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 93 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Greater Cartilage Lettuce ( Chondrilla juncea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files