Christoph Besold

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christoph Besold
Title page of the Principia Iuris Feudalis by Christoph Besold (Tübingen 1616)

Christoph Besold (born September 22, 1577 in Tübingen , † September 15, 1638 in Ingolstadt ) was a German lawyer and state scholar .

Life

Besold comes from a Lutheran family, but converted to Catholicism in 1630 . From 1591 Besold studied in Tübingen, first philosophy with a master’s degree, then law studies. In 1598 he received his doctorate in law. During his studies he made friends with Johannes Kepler . His younger brother, Johann George Besold , also became a lawyer in Tübingen and worked with him.

Besold belonged in Tübingen to the circle of friends of the chiliastic lawyer and theosophist Tobias Hess . This group also included, for example, Johann Valentin Andreae , Abraham Hölzel , Wilhelm Bidembach von Treuenfels , Thomas Lansius , Samuel Hafenreffer and Wilhelm Schickard .

After working as a lawyer at the court, like his father, he became professor for the Pandects at the University of Tübingen in 1610 . In 1630 he converted to Catholicism, but only made this step known in 1635 after he had entered the service of the Catholic Austrian-Württemberg government. This change of belief was hotly debated and even today was judged differently: Was Besold an opportunist or did he act out of deep conviction, who sought mysticism in the Catholic faith?

That it was not - just - opportunism becomes clear from the fact that he was already looking for mysticism during his studies; he was close to the Rosicrucians . Johann Valentin Andreae was one of his friends .

In 1636 Besold became professor of the private law Codex Iustinianus and the Jus publicum, i.e. for public law at the University of Ingolstadt .

Teaching

In addition to legal works, Besold has also written historical, theological and economic treatises.

Besold advocates the doctrine of double sovereignty . The state arises from society through the common will of the individual members. In this he agrees with Johannes Althusius ' doctrine of popular sovereignty . In addition, he also recognizes the maiestas personalis , i.e. the transfer of sovereignty by God. According to Besold, the Holy Roman Empire can not be clearly assigned to either of the two principles, but rather shows both principles with the emperor on the one hand and the imperial estates on the other.

Works

  • Dissertatio Philolologica, de arte jureque Belli . Strasbourg 1624 (Latin, books.google.de ).
  • Consiliorum Tubingensium… I – IV. Tübingen 1628, LCCN  94-120295 (Latin).
  • Thesaurus practicus. Real dictionary for legal practice . Nuremberg 1643 (Latin, uni-mannheim.de ).
  • Synopsis politicae doctrinae . Ingolstadt 1637 (Latin, uni-mannheim.de ).
  • Synopsis of Politics . Ed .: Laetitia Boehm. 1st edition. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-458-17019-7 (translation by Cajetan Cosmann of the Ingolstadt 1637 edition).

literature

  • Hermann Lange : Ius commune and statutory law in Christoph Besolds Consilia Tubingensia . In: Dieter Medicus (Ed.): Festschrift for Max Kaser on his 70th [seventieth] birthday . 1st edition. Beck, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-406-06322-5 , pp. 637-655 .
  • Theodor Muther :  Besold, Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 556-558.
  • Emil Niethammer :  Besold, Christoph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 178 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Emil Niethammer : Christoph Besold: Professor of Law 1577-1638 . In: Hermann Haering and Otto Hohenstatt (eds.), Schwäbische Lebensbilder , Vol. 2. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1941, pp. 11–34.
  • Bernhard Pahlmann: Christoph Besold . In: Jan Schröder, Gerd Kleinheyer (ed.): German and European lawyers from nine centuries . 4th edition. Heidelberg 1996, ISBN 3-8252-0578-9 , pp. 56-59 .
  • Jan Schröder: Besold, Christoph (1577–1638) . In: Albrecht Cordes , Heiner Lück , Dieter Werkmüller (Eds.): Concise dictionary on German legal history . tape I . Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-503-07911-7 , Sp. 551-552 .
  • Michael Stolleis : Christoph Besold . In: Michael Stolleis (Ed.): Juristen. A biographical lexicon . Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-45957-9 , pp. 83 f .
  • Heinrich de Wall : Politics, Law and Maiestas - On Christoph Besolds' political theory. In: Ulrich Köpf , Sönke Lorenz , Dieter R. Bauer (eds.): The University of Tübingen between the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War (= Tübingen building blocks for regional history. Volume 14). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7995-5514-2 , p. 223-234 (short biography p. 224 f. With references).
  • Barbara Zeller-Lorenz: Christoph Besold (1577-1638) and the monastery question, dissertation Tübingen 1986.
  • Barbara Zeller-Lorenz, Wolfgang Zeller: Christoph Besold. 1577-1638. Polyhistor, sought-after consiliator and controversial convert. In: Ferdinand Elsener (Hrsg.): Life pictures for the history of the Tübingen law faculty (= Contubernium. Volume 17). JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1977, ISBN 3-16-939742-7 , pp. 9-18.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hannelore Schilling: In the sign of rose and cross. Historical and modern Rosicrucians . In: EZW-Information . No. 71 . Stuttgart November 1977 ( ekd.de [PDF; 483 kB ; accessed on June 15, 2009]). ekd.de ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ekd.de
  2. ^ Simon Studion: Additional Remarks. (No longer available online.) In: Rosicrucian Archive. 1999, archived from the original on April 29, 2009 ; accessed on June 15, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.crcsite.org
personal data
SURNAME Besold, Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and state scholar
DATE OF BIRTH September 22, 1577
PLACE OF BIRTH Tübingen
DATE OF DEATH September 15, 1638
Place of death Ingolstadt