Claretians

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Claretians
Official name Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Latin name Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Cordis Mariae
other names Claretians, Missionaries of the Heart of Mary
motto Caritas Christi Urget Nos (The love of Christ urges us)
cartridge Immaculate Heart of Mary and others
history
founding July 16, 1849 in Vic , Spain
founder Antonius Maria Claret
Subsidiaries in German-speaking countries
Members 19 bishops ,
2,155 priests ,
2 permanent deacons ,
164 brothers ,
5553 professed students ,
120 novices (as of 2013
Website claretiner.org

The Claretians (official name: Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary , often also called Heart Mary Missionaries ; order abbreviation : CMF ) are a worldwide active Roman Catholic congregation (order) , which was founded in 1849 in the Catalan city of Vic in the turmoil of the Second Carlist War was founded by Saint Anthony Maria Claret y Clará .

prehistory

Antonius Maria Claret originally wanted to become a Carthusian . After his ordination in 1835 he was pastor in his hometown of Sallent de Llobregat . In 1839 he wanted to go on a mission and join the Catalan Bishop Vilardell in Rome , who was recently ordained Bishop of Lebanon. He had already left when Claret arrived in Rome, which is why Claret wanted to contact the cardinal responsible for Propaganda Fide . However, this was not there either, so Claret decided to make his annual retreat . To do this, he went to the Jesuit convent Il Gesù in Rome. There he was proposed to become a Jesuit . Thereupon Claret submitted a petition to the general of the Jesuits. He was accepted and therefore made a novitiate with the Jesuits from November 2, 1839 to February 29, 1840 . From this he officially resigned due to illness, but was unofficially dismissed so that he could hold popular missions in Catalonia. Back in Spain, he soon began successfully with the popular missions, which became his central task. Because of persecution, because of the political situation in Spain, he always had to back off here. Since missions in this area were undesirable, they were sometimes also called novena . From 1843 to 1847 Claret preached all over Catalonia. Because of new persecutions, he relocated his activities to Gran Canaria from 1848 to 1849, where he held popular missions in almost every municipality.

Founding of the order

In 1849 Claret returned to Catalonia from the popular missions. Vic realized Claret then his dream and founded the seminary of Vic , along with five other diocesan priests ( Esteban Sala , José Xifre , Domingo Fábregas , Manuel Vilaro , Jaime Clotet ), after consultation with the bishop of the diocese Llucià Casadevall i Duran , the Community of the sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary . He then stood as superior general until his departure for the Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba , of which he was appointed bishop. In 1850 he founded the “Daughters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary” as a secular institute and, as Bishop of Cuba, finally in 1855 the “Missionaries of the Immaculate Heart of Mary” ( Claretians ).

Names

Antonius Maria Claret consecrated the new community to the Heart of Mary and called it (Latin) "Cordis Mariae Filii", translated in German as "Sons of the Heart of Mary". In common usage, the order members are referred to as Claretians after the name of the order's founder .

The first letters of the Latin name result in the abbreviation CMF . The members of the order carry this as an addition to their name, for example "Pater Antonius Claret CMF".

Spread

A few days after the founding of the congregation in 1849, Father Claret was called to be Bishop of Santiago de Cuba . The co-founder P. Esteban Sala took over the management until his death in 1858. He was succeeded as Superior General P. José Xifré, also a man of the first hour. He was Superior General for more than 40 years, until his death in 1899. After Father Claret returned to Madrid at court, he supported the Superior General and the young congregation in many ways. Among other things, he also wrote the Constitution of the Order, which Rome adopted in 1870.

During this time the Claretians experienced rapid expansion: Father José started with one house and ten members, at his death the congregation had 61 houses in several countries and 1,300 members. There were also problems with this: during the revolution of 1868, all Claretians from Spain had to flee to France , and the congregation also had its first martyr here. Father Claret himself died during this persecution in the south of France. During this time the Claretians established branches in many countries in Africa and South America.

The spread continued in the 20th century. But there were also setbacks and hardship. During the Spanish Civil War alone , 271 missionaries were killed (51 of them were beatified as "Martyrs of Barbastro" in 1992).

In 1949 all missionaries were driven from China.

The canonization of the order's founder, Antonius Maria Claret, in 1950 and the Second Vatican Council brought renewal to the Congregation.

Claretians today

As of December 15, 2013 the Congregation had 19 bishops, 2,155 priests, 2 permanent deacons , 164 brothers , 5553 professed students and 120 novices , spread over 487 communities in 64 countries.

Claretians in Germany

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Claretians in Germany advertised in newspapers and magazines to attract young people, but were not allowed to establish a branch here. Interested young people went to Spain and joined the Claretians there. Her perspective was the use in the mission, especially in pastoral care for German emigrants in Latin America. Only when the prohibition of the establishment of religious settlements from the Bismarck period was abolished in the Weimar Republic did a return to Germany be considered. In 1923 the Claretians founded a branch on the Dreifaltigkeitsberg in Spaichingen and took over the pilgrimage there (which has existed since 1415).

As a result, other institutions were founded in Germany: Claretiner College in Weißenhorn , Claretiner Seminar in Frankfurt am Main-Sachsenhausen , Claretiner Seminar in Würzburg (since 1930, provincial leadership from 1949 - after the boys' seminar was dissolved by the National Socialists in 1942) and up to 2005 a Claretian parish in Lüdenscheid . Since 2000 there has been a new branch in Mühlberg ( Brandenburg ), where the Claretians have revived the Marienstern monastery and taken on the local pastoral care. They are also the bearers of the Ecumenical House of Encounter and Silence.

From Germany, further branches and missions were founded in Switzerland , Austria , Poland , the Netherlands , Congo , India and Sri Lanka .

Claretian family

It is the union of the independent congregations and institutions that were founded by Antonius Maria Clare or other personalities and that work in his spirit. What they all have in common is missionary work, the Claretian family includes:

Superior general

Religious priest

Web links

Commons : Claretiner  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e How it all began. (No longer available online.) German Province of Claretians, archived from the original on April 19, 2014 ; accessed on April 18, 2014 : "in Spaichingen near Rottweil on the Dreifaltigkeitsberg (1924), in Weißenhorn near Neu-Ulm (1925), in Würzburg (1930) and in Frankfurt / Main (1934)"
  2. ↑ Chronicle of the parish of Hirschstetten. Parish of Hirschstetten , accessed on April 18, 2014 .
  3. ^ Ute Hücker: The Claretians - Missionaries in Mühlberg. (No longer available online.) Kath.de, November 21, 2004, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 18, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b History of the Congregation. Claretians, retrieved on April 18, 2014 : "On December 15, 2013 the Congregation counts 19 bishops, 2,155 priests, 2 permanent deacons, 164 brothers, 5553 professed students and 120 novices, distributed in 487 communities in 64 countries"
  5. ^ A b Charles I. Amadia CMF: Claretian Missionaries. Essential Chronology 1807-2000 . Ed .: General Prefecture for Education (=  Notebooks on Claretian Formation . No. 18 ). Rome 2001 (English).
  6. ↑ a b c d Antonio Maria Claret: Autobiography . Ed .: German Province of the Claretians. 2nd, revised edition. Würzburg 2008, Part 2, Chapter 5 ( claret.org [PDF; 4.0 MB ; accessed on April 24, 2014] Spanish: Autobiografía . Translated by P. Berthold Lipp CMF and P. Wolfgang Deiminger CMF). claret.org ( Memento from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ^ A b Antonio Maria Claret: Autobiography . Ed .: German Province of the Claretians. 2nd, revised edition. Würzburg 2008, Part 2, Chapter 7 ( claret.org [PDF; 4.0 MB ; accessed on April 24, 2014] Spanish: Autobiografía . Translated by P. Berthold Lipp CMF and P. Wolfgang Deiminger CMF). claret.org ( Memento from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ “Not enough that I had to exercise such caution in those disastrous times, I was not even allowed to call my work a mission, but had to call it 'novena', novena for example for the poor souls, in honor of Our Lady of the Rosary, to the most holy sacrament, to one or that saint; otherwise it would have called the constitutionalists on the scene, who determined and ruled in the villages in which I preached. "(Antonio Maria Claret: Autobiography . Ed .: German Province of Claretians. 2nd, revised edition. Würzburg 2008, 2nd Part 18, Chapter 18, Paragraph 292 ( claret.org [PDF; 4.0 MB ; accessed on April 24, 2014] Spanish: Autobiografía . Translated by P. Berthold Lipp CMF and P. Wolfgang Deiminger CMF). claret.org ( Memento from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
  9. ^ Antonio Maria Claret: Autobiography . Ed .: German Province of the Claretians. 2nd, revised edition. Würzburg 2008, Part 2, Chapter 34 ( claret.org [PDF; 4.0 MB ; accessed on April 24, 2014] Spanish: Autobiografía . Translated by P. Berthold Lipp CMF and P. Wolfgang Deiminger CMF). claret.org ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.claret.org
  10. ^ Martires Claretianos de Barbastro. Missioneros Claretianos, accessed May 23, 2018 (Spanish).
  11. ↑ Klaus Witt City: church and state in the 20th century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 453–478 and 1304 f., Here: pp. 458–463: The era of the people's and resistance bishop Matthias Ehrenfried (1924–1948). P. 458 f. and 462.
  12. ↑ Claretian Family claret.org
  13. ↑ homepage Claretinerinnen claretianasrmi.org
  14. ↑ Missionaries of Saint Anthony Maria Claret missionariesamclaret.it
  15. ↑ Biography of St. Anthony Maria Claret y Clará. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 13, 2014 ; Retrieved February 20, 2014 .
  16. ^ Biography of the Superior General Fr. Esteban Sala y Masnou. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 26, 2014 ; Retrieved February 20, 2014 .
  17. ↑ Biography of the Superior General Fr. José Xifré. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 26, 2014 ; Retrieved February 20, 2014 .
  18. ↑ German Province of Claretians (ed.): Echo . with a heart for everyone. tape 184 (244) , December 2015, pp. 22-23 .