Colocasia (plant genus)
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Taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) |
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Colocasia , even Zehrwurz is called a genus within the family of the arum family (Araceae). Up to 20 species are common in tropical to subtropical Asia. Taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) is an important tropical food crop .
description
Colocasia species grow as large, evergreen or seasonally green, perennial herbaceous plants that, depending on the species, reach stature heights that are low or, for herbaceous plants, huge. They contain milk juice . They often form rhizomes or rarely stolons and usually a short “trunk” on which the leaves are arranged in a spiral. The simple leaves are stalked and can be between 20 and 150 cm long.
Leaves and inflorescences are present at the same time. Colocasias are single sexed ( monoecious ). As usual with the arum family, the inflorescence consists of an inflorescence stem, a bract (spathe) and the piston (spadix). There are female, sterile, and male sections in the flask . Berries with a few to many seeds are produced.
ecology
Colocasia species are food plants for caterpillars of some butterfly species (Lepidoptera), for example of the genus Palpifer : Palpifer murinus and Palpifer sexnotatus .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Colocasia was established in 1832 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in Heinrich Wilhelm Schott and Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher : Meletemata Botanica , p. 18. A synonym for Colocasia Schott is Leucocasia Schott . A synonym is Colocasia Link published in Dissertationes Botanicae , 1795, p 77. The genus Alocasia belongs to the tribe Colocasieae in the subfamily aroideae within the family of the Araceae .
The genus Colocasia is common in tropical to subtropical Asia.
There are eleven to twenty species in the genus Colocasia :
- Colocasia affinis Schott (Syn .: Colocasia bicolor C.L. Long & LMCao ): It is distributed from the Himalayas from northern Bangladesh , northeastern India , northern Myanmar , Nepal to southern Yunnan .
- Colocasia quorum Schott (Syn .: Colocasia esculenta var. Antiquorum (Schott) FTHubbard & Rehder , Colocasia fontanesii Schott , Colocasia gaoligongensis H.Li & CLLong , Colocasia gongii C.L.Long & H.Li , Colocasia lihengiae C.L.Long & KMLiu , Colocasia tonoimo Nakai ): It is distributed from Assam through northern Myanmar, northern Thailand and northern Laos to southern and western Yunnan. According to R. Govaerts, the species belongs to Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott .
- Colocasia boyceana Gogoi & Borah : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Arunachal Pradesh .
- Colocasia dibangensis Gogoi & Borah : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Arunachal Pradesh .
- Taro or elephant ear ( Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott ; Syn .: Colocasia formosana Hayata , Colocasia konishii Hayata ): It is widespread from Sri Lanka to India to the Himalayas. According to R. Govaerts, Colocasia antiquorum Schott is a synonym here.
- Colocasia fallax Schott (Syn .: Colocasia heterochroma H.Li & ZXWei , Colocasia tibetensis J.T.Yin , Colocasia yunnanensis C.L.Long & XZCai ): It is from the Himalayas from northern Bangladesh, northeast India via Bhutan and Nepal to Thailand and southeast Tibet and up to spread to the Chinese province of Yunnan.
- Colocasia fontanesii Schott : It occurs from Assam to Yunnan and northern Indochina.
- Colocasia gigantea (flower) Hook. f. (Syn .: Caladium giganteum flower ), home: Indochina, Malay Archipelago. Some authors put it as Leucocasia gigantea (flower) Schott in its own genus Leucocasia .
- Colocasia hassanii H.Ara : It was first described in 2018 asu Bangladesh.
- Colocasia lihengiae C.L. Long & KMLiu , home: from Arunachal Pradesh to Yunnan
- Colocasia mannii Hook. f. : It occurs in Assam and on the Nicobar Islands .
- Colocasia menglaensis J.T.Yin, H.Li & ZFXu : It was first described in 2004 and occurs in Laos, northern Myanmar, northern Thailand and Yunnan only in Mengla County.
- Colocasia oresbia A.Hay : It occurs in Bangladesh and Sabah .
use
Taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) is a food plant that has been cultivated for more than 7,000 years. The starchy tubers of the plant are mainly used in taro . They are cooked like potatoes . In the growing countries, the leaves and petioles are also eaten as vegetables . They contain a lot of minerals, vitamins A, B and C.
swell
- Li Heng, PC Boyce: Colocasia , pp. 22–23 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 (sections description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Li Heng, PC Boyce: Colocasia , pp. 22–23 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed. ): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3
- ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Colocasia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Colocasia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 16, 2014.
- ↑ Alan Davidson, Helen Saberi and Tom Jaine: The Oxford companion to food (Oxford 2006, 785).
