Arrow leaves

Arrow leaves
	Giant-leaved arrow leaf ( Alocasia macrorrhizos )
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family :	Arum family (Araceae)
Subfamily :	Aroideae
Tribe :	Colocasieae
Genre :	Arrow leaves
Scientific name
	Alocasia
	( Schott ) G.Don

The alocasia or Alokasien ( Alocasia ) is a plant genus in the family of the arum family (Araceae). Some species and hybrids are used as carbohydrate plants and ornamental plants.

description

Illustration from Flore des serres , Volume 15 of Alocasia zebrina

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, London. Volume 139 (= Series 4, Volume 9), plate 8522 of the elephant ear arrow sheet ( Alocasia micholitziana )

Vegetative characteristics

Alocasia species are large evergreen , perennial herbaceous plants . Often there are upright rhizomes and there is usually a large above-ground "trunk" on which the leaves are arranged in a spiral. The simple leaves are petiolate. The leaves of the giant taro ( Alocasia macrorrhizos ) are among the largest non-compound leaves of all plants.

Generative characteristics

The Alocasia species are single sexed ( monoecious ). As is usual with the arum family, the inflorescence consists of the inflorescence stem, a bract ( spathe ) and the piston (spadix). There is a female, sterile, and male section in the flask.

There are berries formed.

Systematics and distribution

Distribution map of the genus Alocasia

Alocasia odora inflorescence

Fruit cluster with ripe berries of Alocasia odora

Giant-leaved arrow-leaf inflorescence ( Alocasia macrorrhizos )

Leaves of Alocasia reginula

Inflorescence with bract and pistons of Sanders arrow sheet ( alocasia sanderiana ), it is also as a house plant uses

The decorative sheets of Sanders arrow leaf ( Alocasia sanderiana ), it is also used as an indoor plant used

Infructescence with ripe berries of Alocasia sarawakensis

Stalked leaves of Alocasia reginula

Habit and leaves of Alocasia wentii

In 1832 Heinrich Wilhelm Schott established the Colocasia sect section . Alocasia in the work of Schott and Endlicher: Meletemata Botanica , page 18 on. It received the rank of a genus Alocasia in 1839 by George Don Jr. in Hortus Britannicus , page 631. Type species is Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G.Don . Synonyms for Alocasia (Schott) G.Don nom. cons are: Ensolenanthe Schott , Panzhuyuia ZYZhu , Schizocasia Schott ex Engler , Xenophya Schott . The genus Alocasia belongs to the tribe Colocasieae in the subfamily aroideae within the family of the Araceae .

The genus Alocasia is distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to Malesia to eastern Australia . There are eight types in China.

There are 70 to 84 Alocasia typologies:

Alocasia acuminata Schott : It is distributed from northeast India , Bangladesh , Nepal , northern Myanmar , northern Laos , northern Thailand to southern Yunnan ; maybe it occurs in northern Vietnam as well.
Alocasia aequiloba N.E.Br. : It is common from New Guinea to the Bismarck Archipelago .
Alocasia alba Schott : It occurs from Sumatra to the Lesser Sunda Islands .
Alocasia arifolia Hallier f. : It only occurs in Sumatra.
Alocasia atropurpurea Engl .: It occurs in the Philippines and on Nansei Islands .
Alocasia augustiana L. Linden & Rodigas : It is found in New Guinea .
Alocasia azlanii K.M.Wong & PCBoyce : It wasfirst describedin 2016 from Brunei .
Alocasia baginda Kurniawan & PCBoyce : It wasfirst describedin 2011 from Kalimantan .
Alocasia balgooyi A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sulawesi .
Alocasia beccarii Engl .: It occurs only in north-western Borneo.
Alocasia boa A.Hay : It only occurs in western New Guinea.
Alocasia boyceana A.Hay : It occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia brancifolia (Schott) A.Hay : It occurs in New Guinea and the Moluccas .
Alocasia brisbanensis (FMBailey) Domin : It occurs from Queensland to New South Wales .
Alocasia cadieri Chantrier : It only occurs in Vietnam.
Alocasia celebica Engl. Ex Koord . : It is endemic to Sulawesi .
Alocasia chaii P.C.Boyce : It wasfirst describedin 2007 from Sarawak .
Alocasia clypeolata A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Mindanao in the Philippines.
Copper Arrow Leaf ( Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G.Don ): It is from Sri Lanka , from the Indian Khasi Hills and Bangladesh, via Sikkim , Nepal, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Taiwan to the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hainan , Sichuan and Yunnan.
Alocasia culionensis Engl .: It occurs in the Philippines.
Metallic arrow blade ( Alocasia cuprea K.Koch ): This endemic occurs only in Sabah.
Alocasia decipiens Schott : It is widespreadfrom Bangladesh to Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands .
Alocasia decumbens Buchet : It occurs only in Vietnam.
Alocasia devansayana (L. Linden & Rodigas) Engl .: It occurs only in Papua New Guinea .
Alocasia fallax Schott : It is distributed from the eastern Himalayas to Bangladesh.
Alocasia farisii Zulhazman, Norziel. & PCBoyce : It was first described from Malaysia in 2017.
Alocasia flabellifera A.Hay : It is only found in Papua New Guinea.
Alocasia flemingiana Yuzammi & A.Hay : This endemic occurs only on Java .
Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott : It comes from Sri-Lanka to India and Indochina .
Alocasia gageana Engl. & K.Krause : It occurs only in northern Myanmar.
Alocasia grata Prain ex Engl. & Krause : It occurs only in southern Myanmar.
Alocasia hainanica N.E.Br. : It occurs in Hainan and northern Vietnam.
Alocasia heterophylla (C. Presl) Merr. : It occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia hollrungii Engl .: It is distributed from Papua New Guinea to the Bismarck Archipelago .
Alocasia hypnosa J.T. Yin , YHWang & ZFXu : It occurs in northern Laos, northern Thailand and southwestern Yunnan.
Alocasia hypoleuca P.C.Boyce : It was first described in 2008 from southeastern Thailand.
Alocasia infernalis P.C.Boyce : It wasfirst describedfrom Sarawak in 2007.
Alocasia inornata Hallier f. : It is common from Malaysia to Sumatra.
Alocasia jiewhoei V.D. Nguyen : It wasfirst describedfrom Cambodia in 2010.
Alocasia kerinciensis A.Hay : It only occurs in Sumatra.
Alocasia lancifolia Engl .: It occurs in New Guinea.
Alocasia lauterbachiana (Engl.) A.Hay : It is distributed from New Guinea to the Bismarck Archipelago.
Alocasia lecomtei Engl .: It occurs in Vietnam.
Long arrow blade ( Alocasia longiloba Miq. ): It is common in Cambodia , Indonesia , Laos, Malaysia , southern Myanmar, Singapore , Thailand, Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Hainan and southern Yunnan.
Giant-leaved arrow leaf ( Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don ): It originally comes from tropical Asia and is grown pantropically.
Alocasia maquilingensis Merr. : It only occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia megawatiae Yuzammi & A.Hay : It was first described in 2003 from Sulawesi.
Alocasia melo A.Hay, PCBoyce & KMWong : This endemic occurs only in Sabah .
Elephant ear arrow leaf ( Alocasia micholitziana Sander ): It is endemic to the Philippine island of Luzon .
Alocasia miniuscula A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sarawak .
Alocasia monticola A.Hay : It occurs in New Guinea.
Alocasia navicularis (K.Koch & CDBouché) K.Koch & CDBouché (Syn .: Colocasia navicularis K.Koch & CDBouché ): It is in Assam , in northern Bangladesh, northern Laos, northern Myanmar, Nepal, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam as well southern Yunnan.
Alocasia nebula A.Hay : It was first described from Sarawak in 2000.
Alocasia nicolsonii A.Hay : It is only found in New Guinea.
Alocasia nycteris Medecilo, GCYao & Madulid : It was first described in 2007 and occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia odora (Lindl.) K.Koch : She is in Assam , Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, the Ryūkyū Islands , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong , Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan , Hunan, Jiangxi , Sichuan and Yunnan.
Alocasia pangeran A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sabah .
Alocasia peltata M.Hotta : It occurs in Borneo.
Alocasia perakensis Hemsl. : It is common from Thailand to Malaysia.
Alocasia portei Schott : This endemic occurs only on Luzon .
Alocasia princeps W.Bull : It occurs in Borneo.
Alocasia principiculus A.Hay : It occurs on Borneo.
Alocasia puber (Hassk.) Schott : It is common in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Alocasia puteri A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sabah.
Alocasia pyrospatha A.Hay : It occurs in New Guinea.
Alocasia ramosii A.Hay : It occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia reginae N.E.Br. : It occurs on Borneo.
Alocasia reginula A.Hay : It probably occurs in Borneo.
Alocasia reversa N.E.Br. : This endemic occurs in Sarawak.
Alocasia ridleyi A.Hay : This endemic occurs in Sarawak.
Alocasia rivularis Luu, Nguyen-Phi & HTVan : It was first described from Vietnam in 2017.
Alocasia robusta M.Hotta : It occurs in Borneo.
Alocasia salarkhanii H.Ara & MAHassan : It was first described in 2018 from Bangladesh.
Sanders Arrow Leaf ( Alocasia sanderiana W.Bull ): It is native to the Philippines.
Alocasia sarawakensis M.Hotta : It occurs in Borneo.
Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. : It occurs on Borneo.
Alocasia scalprum A.Hay : It occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia simonsiana A.Hay : It occurs in Papua New Guinea .
Alocasia sinuata N.E.Br. : It occurs in the Philippines.
Alocasia suhirmaniana Yuzammi & A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sulawesi .
Alocasia venusta A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sarawak.
Alocasia vietnamensis V.D. Nguyen & de Kok : It occurs only in central Vietnam.
Alocasia wentii Engl. & K.Krause : It occurs in New Guinea.
Alocasia wongii A.Hay : This endemic occurs only in Sabah.
Alocasia zebrina Schott ex Van Houtte (Syn .: Alocasia liervalii Hérincq , Alocasia wenzelii Merr. ): It occurs in the Philippines.

All known hybrids are artificial crosses.

Usage and ingredients

The giant taro ( Alocasia macrorrhizos ) is used as food . The starchy tubers are mainly used. They are cooked like potatoes . They contain a lot of minerals, vitamins A, B and C.

Some species and varieties are also used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens. Sander's arrow leaf ( Alocasia sanderiana ) is used as a houseplant .

swell

Heng Li, Peter C. Boyce: Alocasia , p. 75. The same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 (English).
Peter Boyce: Alocasia on the website of the International Society of Arum Family.
Yasin J. Nasir: Araceae : Alocasia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Individual evidence

^ Alocasia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 15, 2014.
^ Alocasia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^from ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^to ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alocasia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Heng Li & Peter C. Boyce: Alocasia , p. 75. Text same online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 (English).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Web links

Commons : Arrow Leaves ( Alocasia ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Tropicos-1] Alocasia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 15, 2014.

[GRIN-2] Alocasia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^from ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^to ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alocasia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2020.

[FoC-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Heng Li & Peter C. Boyce: Alocasia , p. 75. Text same online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 (English).

[Zander2008-5] Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .