Cymidae

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Cymidae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Lygaeoidea
Family : Cymidae
Scientific name
Cymidae
Bear jump , 1860

The Cymidae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . Until the revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea by Henry in 1997, it was a subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae) and was then placed in the family rank. It comprises 9 genera and 54 species. In Europe, seven species are represented, 4 of which occur in Central Europe.

features

The small bugs have an elongated, egg-shaped, mostly brownish-yellow colored body that is densely structured with dots. The buccules are short. Point eyes ( Ocelli ) are formed. Both the antennae and the labium are four-part. All the spiracles on the abdomen are dorsal , only the seventh is ventral . Between the third to sixth tergum on the abdomen, one to three scent gland openings are formed dorsally in nymphs .

distribution

The family is distributed worldwide, but has its main distribution center in the eastern hemisphere. The genus Cymus is also found in the western hemisphere.

Way of life

The animals are granivores on monocotyledons , especially on sour grass plants (Cyperaceae) and rush plants (Juncaceae). Often they are found to sedges ( Carex ), Zypergräsern ( Cyperus ), rushes ( Juncus ) and ledges ( Scirpus ). They often stay on the spikelets of their food plants and are well camouflaged there by their seed-like appearance. Polyphagia is believed to be widespread in the family, as many species have been identified on a number of different food plants.

Taxonomy and systematics

The delimitation of the Cymidae was unclear from the start. Friedrich Wilhelm Felix von Bärensprung described the taxon in 1860 above the level of the genus as "Cymides" to summarize the genus Cymodema and several genera not related to this, such as Oxycarenus and Artheneis . Later, Carl Stål reduced the group exclusively to the genus Cymus , in order to add the Cryptorhamphidae (now own family) and the Ischnorhynchinae (now subfamily of the ground bugs (Lygaeidae)) to it after a few years . Barber classified the group in 1956 in three tribes (Cymini, Ischnorhynchini and Ninini) and 11 genera; later authors reduced them in turn to the Cymini (including the genera of the Cryptorhamphinae) and Ninini and put the Ischnorhynchini as a subfamily outside the group. Southwood & Leston placed them in 1959 within the family of stilt bugs (Berytidae), which, however, was recognized as incorrect by subsequent authors. After a revision by Hamid in 1975, Hamid divided the group into the three tribes Cymini, Ontiscini and Ninini and thus partially laid the foundation for the current classification of the group, which Henry established in 1997 after a revision of the Pentatomomorpha with a focus on the Lygaeoidea . He reclassified the group, which had been considered a subfamily of the ground bugs, and placed them, including the Cymini and Ontiscini as subfamilies, in the family rank and as a sister group to a taxon that includes the Ninidae , Malcidae , Colobathristidae and Berytidae . In his opinion, the two subfamilies also include the genera assigned by Hamid in 1975 as follows:

Species in Europe

The following genera and species occur in Europe:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b T. J. Henry: Phylogenetic analysis of family groups within the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with emphasis on the Lygaeoidea. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90 (3): 275-301, 1997.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Family Cymidae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed January 24, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b Cyminae. Fauna Europaea, accessed January 24, 2014 .
  4. ^ Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge ​​bugs, etc.). (=  The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p. 70 .
  5. ^ RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, p. 256.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

Web links