Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu
Déodat Guy Sylvain Tancrède Gratet de Dolomieu (born June 23, 1750 in Dolomieu near La Tour-du-Pin , Département Isère ; † November 26, 1801 in Châteauneuf (Saône-et-Loire) ) was a French geologist and mineralogist . The rock dolomite was named after him and subsequently also the alpine area of the Dolomites .
life and work
He was accepted into the Order of Malta as a child and began his examination at the age of 18, but left the military class out of love for scientific studies and traveled almost all of southern Europe from 1777 to 1783 . He shared the results of these trips in the “Voyage aux lsles de Lipari” (Paris 1783; German von Lichtenberg, Leipzig 1783), in the text “Sur le tremblement de terre de la Calabre” (Rome and Paris 1784; German, Leipzig 1789) ), the "Mémoires sur les lsles Ponces et catalog raisonné de l'Etna" (1788; German von Voigt, Leipzig 1789) etc. with.
After exploring the mountains of Italy , Tyrol and Graubünden in 1789 and 1790 , in 1791 he retired with his rich collections to his estate near La Roche-Guyon . New geological journeys in France brought forth his treatises on the origin of basalt and on the rocks named after him, dolomite . In 1796 he became an engineer and professor at the newly established mining school. As a member of the Commission des sciences et des arts, he accompanied the Egyptian expedition , embarked for Europe again in March 1799, but was held as a prisoner of war in Taranto until the Peace of Florence between France and Naples in 1801 regained his freedom.
In the same year he became an external member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and received the chair of mineralogy at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. From 1778 he was a member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris. He died in Châteauneuf on November 26th. His last work: "Sur la philosophie minéralogique" , appeared from his estate (Paris 1802; German, Berlin 1802 and Mainz 1803). Bruun-Neergaard published the diary of his last trip through Switzerland (German by Karsten, Berlin 1802).
Honors
Several paths in the Alps were named after him, for example the connection between the two Tribulaunhütten in the Pflersch and Gschnitztal in 1989 .
On the volcanic island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean , the cratère Dolomieu , the main crater on the active Piton de la Fournaise volcano , was named after the geologist.
The mineral dolomite and dolomite stone were also named after him.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Déodat de Dolomieu. The namesake of the Dolomites
- ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 69.
literature
- Paul Caminada: The adventurous life of the explorer Déodat de Dolomieu (1750-1801) . Projekt Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86634-141-8 .
- Paul Caminada: The explorer Déodat de Dolomieu (1750-1801). The namesake of the Dolomites . In: The Alps . No. 3 , 2008, p. 42-45 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gratet de Dolomieu, Déodat |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gratet de Dolomieu, Déodat Guy Sylvain Tancrède (full name); Dolomieu, Déodat de (short form) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French geologist and mineralogist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 23, 1750 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | La Tour-du-Pin , Isere |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 26, 1801 |
| Place of death | Châteauneuf (Saône-et-Loire) |