Dalechampia

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Dalechampia
Dalechampia scandens, Ecuador

Dalechampia scandens , Ecuador

Systematics
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Subfamily : Acalyphoideae
Tribe : Plukenetieae
Sub tribus : Dalechampiinae
Genre : Dalechampia
Scientific name of the  sub-tribus
Dalechampiinae
GLWebster
Scientific name of the  genus
Dalechampia
L.

Dalechampia is a genus of plants inthe milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae). The well over a hundred species are mainly found in the neotropics , a handful are also found in Africa. The plants are eye-catching and easy to recognize by the large, multi-colored pair of bracts that surround the inflorescences.

description

The Dalechampia species are mostly shrubs that usually grow as creepers or lianas , but a few species are upright. The hair consists of simple, stinging hairs, the plants are only occasionally hairless, and there is no milky sap. The alternate arranged, usually stalked with stipules provided leaves are simple, lobed or palmate divided, the leaf blade entire or serrated, the Vein usually fingered.

Dalechampia are monoecious . The axillary or terminal on short shoots of one to a few Nodien standing inflorescence is a commonly bilaterally symmetrical Pseudanthium , the approximately constant against a pair, often striking Involukralblätter is surrounded. The entire or serrated spreading of the involucral leaves are usually much larger than the stipules, divided simply or strongly hand-shaped, their nerves fingered.

There are three female flowers above the lower involucral leaf in a dichasium , separated by a deeper staple facing the stamen and one or two upper, occasionally fused prophylls . The female flowers with almost no or only short stalk at the time of flowering have five to twelve simple or pinnately split sepals , the lobes can be covered with glands. The three-chamber ovary is hairy or glabrous, the styles are fused and only occasionally lobed or disc-shaped at the extreme end. The surface of the scar usually extends over a third to three quarters of the stylus column. The ovules are anatropic.

The male flowers are in a terminal pleiochasium , apparently inserted between the female cymes and the upper involucral leaf , which usually consists of 8 to 12 clearly stalked flowers. The stipules of male flowers are in a flower-like envelope, the prophylls give off resins or aromatic compounds . The usually four or five simple sepals of the male flowers, arranged in a flap, bend back when they bloom. Dalechampia have between 20 (rarely from 8) and 50 (rarely up to 100) stamens. The stamens are fused, the longitudinally opening anthers two-chambered, the pollen ellipsoidal.

The capsule fruits are surrounded by a growing calyx, which is usually armed with stiff hair. The seeds are round or rounded, a seed callus is missing, the testa is smooth or wrinkled. The endosperm is abundant , the cotyledon is flat and both wider and longer than the radicle.

Occurrence

Dalechampia are distributed with over 100 species mainly in tropical regions of the neotropics , around 20 species are also found in tropical West and East Africa, individual species ( Dalechampia bidentata , Dalechampia scandens ) in South and Southeast Asia (e.g. India, China, Pakistan).

Systematics

Dalechampia affinis
Dalechampia aristolochiifolia
Dalechampia caperonioides
Dalechampia coriacea
Dalechampia linearis
Dalechampia peckoltiana
Dalechampia peckoltiana
Dalechampia schippii
Dalechampia spathulata
Dalechampia tiliifolia
Dalechampia tiliifolia

The genus was in 1753 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum described . This took over an older generic name which the French botanist and religious Charles Plumier had coined in his work Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera in honor of the French doctor and botanist Jacques Daléchamps . Type species is Dalechampia scandens .

Within the milkweed family, the genus forms its own subtribe Dalechampiinae GLWebster in the tribe Plukenetieae , subfamily Acalyphoideae . The genus includes over 120 species.

proof

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Webster, GL & Armbruster, WS: A synopsis of the neotropical species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 1991, 06/2008; 105 (2): 137 - 177, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.1991.tb00202.x
  2. ^ A b Anton Weber, Werner Huber, Anton Weissenhofer, Nelson Zamora, Georg Zimmermann: An Introductory Field Guide To The Flowering Plants Of The Golfo Dulce Rain Forests Costa Rica. In: Stapfia. Volume 78, Linz 2001, p. 210. ISSN  0252-192X / ISBN 3-85474-072-7 , PDF on ZOBODAT
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 495
  4. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera . Leiden 1703, p. 17
  5. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Dalechampia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2020.

Web links

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