Dali (city)
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Dali ( Chinese 大理市 , pinyin Dàlǐ Shì ) is the capital of the Autonomous District Dali of Bai in the south-western Chinese province of Yunnan .
As an independent city, Dali is practically composed of two different cities: the old Dali, the capital of the old empires Nanzhao or Dali , and the new Xiaguan, often also called "New Dali". The “ Three Pagodas ” located near the old town are a landmark of Dali. The city of Dali has an area of 1,468 km². At the end of 2004 the population was around 590,000; in 2008 at 603,500. 67% of them belong to the Bai nationality.
Administrative structure
At the community level, Dali is made up of ten large communities and one nationality community. These are:
- Xiaguan Municipality (下 关镇), center, seat of the city government;
- Greater Dali Municipality (大理 镇); Historic center, old town Dali
- Greater community Fengyi (凤仪镇);
- Greater community Xizhou (喜洲镇);
- Greater community Haidong (海东镇);
- Großgemeinde Wase (挖 色 镇);
- Greater community Wanqiao (湾桥镇);
- Greater community Yinqiao (银桥镇);
- Greater community Shuanglang (双廊镇);
- Greater community Shangguan (上关镇);
- Community Taiyi the Yi (太邑彝族乡).
history
Due to its rich history and culture, Dali is one of the 24 most culturally and historically significant cities in China. Dali has a history of more than 3000 years. Already in the 2nd century BC The area was first mentioned on a map of the Kingdom of the Central Plains as Land Yeyu, which existed during the Western Han Dynasty in 109 BC. Was founded. Representatives of different, then non-Chinese tribes, such as the Dai , Bai , Yi and Naxi , settled around Lake Erhai . Chinese emperors tried several times unsuccessfully to take control of this city and the area. With the support of the Tang Dynasty , Chief Piloge (also known as Mengshe Zhao) finally united six tribes of the Erhai region and founded the kingdom of Nanzhao (738–902), whose sphere of influence extended to Burma , North Vietnam and Assam . It covered a large area of present-day Yunnan and northern Burma as well as parts of Sichuan and Guizhou . During this time the three pagodas of the Chongshen Temple were built.
Instead of Nanzhao, the Kingdom of Dali was founded by Duan Siping in 938 . In the 500 years of the existence of the Nanzhao or Dali empires, the city of Dali was the political, economic and cultural center of the region. Around the year 1000 Dali is said to have been one of the 13 largest cities in the world.
During the Yuan Dynasty , the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan destroyed the Kingdom of Dali and established the province of Yunnan in its place, which he incorporated into his empire. The old town and the palace were destroyed. The political center shifted from Dali to Kunming . Dali was given the name Taihe and kept it during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911). It was not renamed Dali again until 1913. In 1983 the old town Dali and the new city Xiaguan as well as other places and districts around the Erhai Lake were merged to form today's city of Dali.
From 1856 to 1872, Dali was the headquarters of the Panthay rebellion led by Du Wenxiu. In 1857 the city fell to the insurgent Sultan Suleiman Tu Wen Hsiu . It was retaken on January 15, 1873 by the imperial under General Yang Yu-ko . Of the 50,000 inhabitants, 30,000 were slaughtered. 24 kiepen with their ears cut off were sent to the provincial capital to convince the local population that the rebellion was crushed. Even 20 years later, a large part of the suburbs was in ruins. The commander was named Titai of Yunnan. He then ruled despotic over the province from Dali, which the central government soon perceived as threatening. He was summoned to Beijing to honor him, from where he was then sent to Formosa to fight the invaded French. He fell during this campaign, although it is not clear whether it was a French or a Chinese bullet. In his will he left his yamen to the city to set up a college for 70 students.
Old town Dali
The historic old town of Dali, also known as Yeyu or Zhonghezhen, also gave its name to the current urban administrative area around Lake Erhai, including the new town of Xiaguan, due to its popularity. It is located at the foot of the western Cangshan Mountains and only 10 minutes away from the eastern shore of Erhai Lake. It is connected to the new town of Xiaguan, 13 km to the south, via an expressway. The historical center, which was destroyed during the Mongol rule and rebuilt in the Ming period, is the tourist highlight of the region. The city was built in the shape of a square with a width and length of 1.5 km and a circumference of 6 km. Parts of the old city wall with a width of 7 m and a height of 8 m are preserved in the south and west, as well as the gates in the south (Tong Hai), north (An Yuan), east (Chen En) and west (Cangshan).
South gate of the old town Dali
Southern city wall
View of the old town Dali
Historic shopping street
economy
The economy is made up of 52% industry and 8% agriculture. The tourism economy has a share of 40%. The gross domestic product in 2008 reached a value of 14.26 billion RMB. Regardless of the great importance of tourism, the city administration is promoting the settlement of industrial companies in two industrial parks on the east bank of Erhai Lake and in the south of Dali.
- The Economic Development Zone (Dali Provincial Economic Development Zone) was founded in 1992 and has also been expanded into a high-tech zone since 2000. It extends over the entire eastern shore of Erhai Lake and will cover 116.68 km² when completed. It is divided into 4 areas: 1.Tianjing Business Tourism Area, 2. Manjiang Industrial Area for Life Sciences, 3. Industrial Area for New Technologies and Materials, Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, 4. Haidong New Town (Fengyi County).
- The Innovation and Industry Park (Dali Innovation Industrial Park) is located in Fengyi County, south of Lake Erhai, and is one of the 30 key industrial parks in the province. A five-lane road connects the industrial park with the new town of Fengyi. After completion, the park should cover an area of 47.32 km². The focus is on automotive engineering, mechanical engineering, the textile industry, food and logistics. There are 28 companies in the park (as of 2010). This includes the Lifan Yunma vehicle plant , the Hongshan cement plant, Fengxian logistics, Dianxi textile plant and a food industrial park.
Dali has its own brewery belonging to the China-Carlsberg Group, which produces the " Dali beer " that is typical for the entire region .
education
With the Dali University of Applied Sciences , Dali has a university with more than 1,200 employees, at which more than 15,000 students are trained. It was founded in 2001 through the merger of the Medical School, the Pedagogical University, the Dali Branch of the Yunnan Province Radio and Television University and the Dali Polytechnic University.
traffic
Dali was once located on the southern Silk Road that led to Burma and was a resting place for the caravans. Today Dali is still a traffic junction in the region as well as to Southwest Asia and South Asia. The road, rail, water and air transport links have been or are being expanded step by step. Daily buses connect Dali with Kunming or Lijiang.
With the airport Dali , the city has, despite the mountainous location its own airport. Dali is connected to the national roads 320 and 214. Trains run several times a day between Dali and Kunming. A new railway line, which was built between December 2004 and September 2009 as part of China's go-west strategy , connects Dali with Lijiang . It runs on the eastern side of Erhai Lake and has a total length of 167 km. A four-hour bus journey can now be replaced by a 1.5-hour train journey.
About Jiegao also the connection to the railway network could Myanma Railways in Lashio done.
geography
The administrative area of Dali extends around the Erhai Lake , which with an area of 256.5 km² makes up about 15% of the total area. The old and the new center are located on the western and southern banks of the Erhai, not far from the Cangshan Mountains, which extend parallel to Lake Erhai over a length of 40 km . The annual average temperature is 14.9 ° C. The amount of precipitation is 1051.1 mm per year. On average, the frost-free period is 228 days a year. The number of hours of sunshine is 2,200 per year. Because of its climate, location, culture and history, Dali is often compared to "Geneva by the lake" and called "Geneva of the East".
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Dali (1951–2007)
Source: Central Weather Station of China 2010-01-12
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Web links
- Dali City Official Website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dali City People's Government: Investment Guide of Dali City, October 2009, English-Chinese
- ↑ a b Dali, in: Josef Guter, Lexikon zur Geschichte Chinas, p. 86, marixverlag, 2004, ISBN 3-937715-40-1
- ^ Dali history . Retrieved April 3, 2010.
- ↑ a b Dali history . Dali Travel News. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
- ^ GE Morrison; An Australian in China; 1895, chap. XVII full text
- ^ Dali Ancient Town . China Tour Map. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ Dali Innovation Industrial Park: Investment Guide, 2009, English-Chinese
- ^ Dali-Lijiang Railway Project . ADB Asia Development Bank. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
- ^ Dali-Lijiang Railway opens to traffic . China Daily. September 28, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ^ Myanmar to build railroad linking China's border town , November 20, 2009
- ^ A Survey of Tourist Industry Dali . Dali Travel Service. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
Coordinates: 25 ° 42 ' N , 100 ° 9' E