Peace (magazine)
Der Friede was a political-literary Viennese weekly that was published from January 1918 to summer 1919. The magazine was designed as a pacifist response to the war-inciting Reichspost , which was derisively referred to as "Reichspest". A number of well-known journalists and writers wrote for peace - around 200 in total had their say. Benno Karpeles was the founder and publisher .
history
The first issue of the magazine founded by Benno Karpeles appeared on January 26, 1918, the last, No. 83, on August 22, 1919. Afterwards, many employees worked in the daily newspaper Der Neue Tag , which was also founded by Benno Karpeles in March 1919 . Among them Karl Tschuppik as head of the service and main political editor and Alfred Polgar as head of the feature pages .
Program and content
The magazine's program was only announced on the first anniversary of its founding, two months after the proclamation of the Republic of German Austria , as it had not previously been possible due to the censorship . The program was:
“After the warlike attempts to make Europe German and Austrian have failed, we now want to try to make Germany and Austria European. A program, we think, implicitly contains all political, social, ethical and aesthetic demands, for the suppression of which a few million impotent people were driven to war, misery, and grave by a few dozen powerful monsters. "
During its entire existence, the peace led a discussion about the future shape of the state of Austria, intellectually expressly independent of the proposals and programs of the political parties. Essential points of the discussions were the neutrality of Austria based on the model of Switzerland, a Central European economic community based on the proposal of the German politician Friedrich Naumann , the transformation of the Habsburg monarchy into a democratic federal state of free peoples and also the connection of the German-speaking regions of Austria-Hungary to Germany Rich. The last two points - federal multiethnic state or connection - participated in the peace a breitesten the room discussions. The majority of those involved in the discussion prefer a federal state of Austria to an affiliation with Germany.
One thought of the multitude of conflicts that occurred in the successor states of Austria-Hungary due to the large number of minorities in areas predominantly inhabited by one people. So wrote Richard A. Bermann on 11 October 1918 that in the event of a complete detachment of the of Czechoslovaks populated areas, a number of mixed-language cities, German language islands and the majority German populated Sudetenland would fall under. In order to obtain a geographically closed area, the Czechoslovaks would have to " exterminate the Germans of the Sudetenland." On the other hand, the Germans of the Sudetenland could only lean on Germany, from which they are separated by serious geographical barriers. Geographically, they belong to Bohemia and Moravia; politically they can only belong if Austria continues to exist. The Entente must be reminded of the great resemblance of this problem to that of Ulster; Ulster cannot be taken from its island of Ireland, but the last Ulster man must be slain before he yields to the rule of the Irish majority; all well-intentioned promises of future tolerance towards national minorities are of no use. "
The central point of the time criticism in peacetime was in most cases the “ failure of the German bourgeoisie in Austria, its parties and politicians ”. Their political thinking usually does not go beyond “ German ” and “ national ”, the “ German policy in Austria ” is that of the “ guardian of all backwardness ”. In addition to the Reichspost , known as the “ Hauptblatt der Kriegshetzer ” and “ Reichspest ”, the Neue Freie Presse under Moriz Benedikt , who advocated a “ German-centralist Austria ”, was a frequent target of peace , which considered equality between peoples to be a basic requirement for any further thinking .
Authors
Egon Erwin Kisch , Robert Musil , Alfred Polgar , and other more or less well-known intellectuals of the agonized Habsburg monarchy , wrote in this weekly for peace and against war. The journalist Rudolf Olden later became famous as a defense attorney in the trial of the pacifist Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938). In the one and a half year period of publication of Der Friede , it was possible to build up a group of employees who covered the entire intellectual and political spectrum from the middle class to the anarchist or Spartacist left. That was more than 200 people.
Some names: Alfred Adler , Peter Altenberg , Ernst Angel , Henri Barbusse , Franz Blei , Hermann Broch , Max Brod , Paul Claudel , Kasimir Edschmid , Albert Ehrenstein , Anatole France , André Gide , Maxim Gorki , Stefan Großmann , Albert Paris Gütersloh , Maximilian Harden , Theodor Heuss , Kurt Hiller , Heinrich Eduard Jacob , Siegfried Jacobsohn , Elisabeth Janstein , Oskar Jellinek , Egon Erwin Kisch , Paul Kornfeld , Anton Kuh , Heinrich Lammasch , Andreas Latzko , Karl Leuthner , Adolf Loos , Josef Luitpold (Stern), Thomas Mann , Erich Mühsam , Robert Müller , Robert Musil , Jan Neruda , Rudolf Olden , Karl Otten , Rudolf Pannwitz , Leo Perutz , Emil Alphons Rheinhardt , Walther Rode , Romain Rolland , Robert Scheu , René Schickele , Hugo Sonnenschein , Otto Soyka , Theodor Tagger (di Ferdinand Bruckner ), Rabindranath Tagore , Johannes Urzidil , Berthold Viertel , Jakob Wassermann , Ernst Weiß , HG Wells , Franz Werfel and Hugo Wolf .
editorial staff
Benno Karpeles , Karl Tschuppik and Arnold Höllriegel were responsible for the political and economic part. Alfred Polgar headed the literary editorial team and, along with Karpeles, Tschuppik and Bermann, formed the core of the editorial team.
Quote
"[...] radical like no one, raised the expectation not only to whisper and poke fun at the problematic of Austrian things, but to recognize [...], it was the newspaper under Ludendorff's rule in which the boldest, most radical things against the war were printed. "
literature
- Klaus Amann : State fictions. Pictures of a future Austria in the Viennese weekly Der Friede (1918/1919). In: Klaus Amann: The poets and politics. Essays on Austrian literature after 1918. Edition Falter / Deuticke, Vienna 1992, pp. 15–30
- Benno Karpeles (ed.): The peace. Weekly for politics, economics and literature. Verlag Christoph Reiser's Söhne (Volume 1–2), Verlag Elbemühl (Volume 3–4), Vienna 1918/1918 (reprinted in 1975 by Verlag Kraus Reprint, Nendeln / Liechtenstein)