Emil Alphons Rheinhardt

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Emil Alphons Rheinhardt ( Alexander Evgenjewitsch Jakowlew , 1929)
Memorial plaque for the German and Austrian refugees in Sanary-sur-Mer , among them Emil Alphons Rheinhardt

Emil Alphons Rheinhardt (born April 4, 1889 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; † February 25, 1945 in Dachau concentration camp ) was a lyricist of Viennese Expressionism , lecturer and writer .

Life

The father Paul Gustav Rheinhardt von Rheinsberg (1853-1934) was not very successful as a translator, editor, publisher and writer. His mother was an Italian noblewoman. Rheinhardt had three siblings. For the Matura he had to move to the southern Moravian province of Lundenburg after tedious repetition of grades in various Viennese grammar schools, he also attended the academic grammar school for only one year . He did not finish the medical studies he started afterwards. Instead, he took up his literary work, he became a member of the "Academic Association for Literature and Music" and he began to publish. In his poems he took up the imagery of symbolism .

During the war he was initially a medical soldier in the Trieste area and since June 10, 1916 in the propaganda department of the War Archives, one day after Rainer Maria Rilke left this position. There he worked with Theodor Csokor , among others . In early 1918 he was an editor in the short-lived magazine Daimon published by Jakob Moreno . In 1919, Rheinhardt published his volume of poetry Tiefer als Liebe with S. Fischer .

In 1920 he moved to Munich as an editor at 3-Masken-Verlag. His second wife Gertrude Felice von Landesberger (later Felice Wolmut, 1889–1989) made Balzac translations , which were published under his name. From 1924 he lived in Livorno for four years and wrote the biography of Eleonora Duse there and in Rome , his most successful book. In the afterword he thanked Baroness Erica Behr, who accompanied him as his secretary during and after his third, also divorced, marriage.

He moved from Italy to the Côte d'Azur in 1928 and, following literary fashions, wrote great biographies about Napoléon III. (1930), Joséphine de Beauharnais (1932) and Heinrich IV. (1935), without, however, gaining recognition from the criticism . In 1929 he published the first German selection by the Slovenian Ivan Cankar (translation: Gusti Jirku ).

After the transfer of power in Germany who granted "conservative" (as Kantorowicz ) set Rheinhardt German refugees (as Golo Mann ) and Spain fighters (as Bodo Uhse ), who visited him hospitality, but only after the connection of Austria to the German Reich he woke politically and founded the “League for Spiritual Austria” in Paris with Robert Musil , Franz Werfel , Joseph Roth , Alfred Polgar and Bruno Walter .

When the war broke out, he too was interned in Les Milles ; he had not received French citizenship, although he had been in France for over ten years. After the French surrender he was drawn back to his house in Le Lavandou , which was now in Vichy France , other internees tried to emigrate, and he was unable to get a visa for the United States .

On November 11, 1942, his place of residence was also occupied by the Italians. They arrested him on April 28, 1943 for participating in the French resistance . The Italians dragged him through the prisons in Hyères , Nice , Menton and Les Baumettes . He now began to write a diary which Erica de Behr saved, but which was only published in 2003. After Mussolini was overthrown, the Germans also took control of this part of France, and Rheinhardt was handed over to the German Gestapo . This transported him on July 2, 1944 from Marseille to Dachau, where he arrived on July 5, 1944. Fellow prisoner Nico Rost already knew him from Berlin and had conversations with him and was able to later report on his last months and the circumstances of his death from typhus .

His place of residence, Le Lavandou, honors him among his resistance fighters.

Works (selection)

  • Diary from 1943/44: written in the Gestapo prisons in Menton, Nice and Les Baumettes (Marseille) . Edited by Martin Krist, Vienna: Turia and Kant, 2003, ISBN 3-85132-337-8
  • Hours and Fates , Leipzig, Vienna: Heller, 1913
  • The adventure in the spirit , Berlin: S. Fischer 1917
  • Deeper than Love: Poems , Berlin: Fischer, 1919
  • The most beautiful garden: a fairy tale , with 4 orig. Lithogr. by Bohuslav Kokoschka Vienna, Prague, Leipzig, Strache, 1920
  • The infinite series  : poems a. Views, reprint d. Ed. Vienna, Prague, Leipzig, Strache, 1920, Library of Expressionism
  • The young Helmbrecht , opera in 1 prelude. u. 3 acts of music by Julius Zaiczek-Blankenau , Vienna, Leipzig: Universal Edition 1921
  • Holidays: a story . With 6 woodcuts [Plate] by R. Pajer-Gartegen, Vienna; Leipzig; Munich: Rikola Verlag 1922
  • The life of Eleonora Duse , Berlin: Suhrkamp, ​​1943, first in 1928 by S. Fischer, last reprinted in the Italian translation by Mondadori in 1958
  • Napoleon the Third and Eugenie: Tragikomödie e. Kaisertums , Berlin: S. Fischer, Verl., 1930
  • Josephine: Eine Lebengeschichte , Berlin: S. Fischer, Verl., 1932
  • The great autumn of Henry IV , Leipzig; Vienna: Tal, 1935
  • Translations by Honoré de Balzac , Rudyard Kipling , Gustave Flaubert , Francis Jammes

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Emil Alphons Rheinhardt  - Sources and full texts

Paul Gustav Rheinhardt

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Kantorowicz, Richard Drews: "Verboten und burnnt" - German literature suppressed for 12 years , Ullstein / Kindler, Berlin / Munich, 1947; (new) Kindler Verlag, Munich 1983, p. 197
  2. ↑ Alfred Kantorowicz, Exile in France: oddities a. Memories , Bremen 1971, p. 28, quoted from: Biographie Krist
personal data
SURNAME Rheinhardt, Emil Alphons
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1945
Place of death Dachau Concentration Camp , Bavaria, German Empire