Mainz district
The Mainz district , which existed from 1801 to around 1830, was a group called " ultramontane " in the language of the Kulturkampf . Not least because of its mouthpiece, the Catholic, and the later occupation of influential offices by its former members, the current remained effective well into the second half of the 19th century and eventually led to political Catholicism .
history
The Mainz Circle was formed in Mainz from the Alsatian group around Bishop Joseph Ludwig Colmar , Andreas Räß , who later became Bishop of Strasbourg, the rain of the Mainz seminary , Bruno Franz Leopold Liebermann , and their friends Nikolaus von Weis , later Bishop of Speyer, as well Johannes von Geissel , who later became Cardinal-Archbishop of Cologne.
The circle of the so-called "Liebermannians" was one of the few in its time who represented decidedly Catholic views. He saw himself as anti-Enlightenment , emphasized loyal to the Church and the Pope, and fiercely fought against the state church in the sense that the state, as it were, in the last instance and on its own right, even got into the innermost affairs of the church - right down to the teaching at the seminaries and the Filling of church offices - censorship exercised or intervened.
The Mainz Circle founded the theologically conservative monthly magazine Der Katholik as its mouthpiece . The Mainz district vehemently welcomed the upheavals of 1848 and leading representatives of its representatives were part of the circle around the Paulskirparlament . From his ranks also came the suggestion for the Pius clubs , which, after the then Pope Pius IX. named, examined the newly granted rights, put them into practice for the benefit of the Church and monitored their observance. Here too, Der Katholik was one of the main publications in the entire German-speaking area, others influenced by him followed, such as under Bishop Nikolaus von Weis , in 1848, Der Pilger , the oldest still existing Catholic newspaper in Germany.
Outside of the intellectual circles, the Mainz district gained influence on the broad mass of Catholics, whose effects lasted for a long time. It is considered a preliminary stage to political Catholicism .
Group of people
In addition to the people already mentioned, the Mainz district also included:
- Johann Jakob Humann , Apostolic Vicar of the Dioceses of Mainz and Speyer, later Bishop of Mainz,
- Ernst von Gagern , priest and uncle of the President of the Paulskirche Parliament,
- Johannes Cronauer , cathedral vicar, bishop secretary and cathedral chapter in Speyer; Papal secret chamberlain
- Anton Spiehler , Bishop Secretary and Cathedral Chapter in Speyer,
- Franz Xaver Remling , cathedral chapter, historian and writer in Speyer,
- Adam Franz Lennig , Cathedral Chapter and Vicar General in Mainz,
- Christoph Moufang , Lennig's nephew, Administrator of the Diocese of Mainz,
- Johann Martin Foliot , Cathedral Dean and Vicar General in Speyer,
- Johannes Peter Busch , Provost and Vicar General in Speyer,
- Franz Joseph Weiß , seminar rain, cathedral capitular and cathedral dean in Speyer,
- Bernhard Magel , parish priest in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse,
- Heinrich Klee , dogmatic professor in Bonn and Munich,
- Martin Krautheimer , dogmatic professor and writer,
- Kaspar Riffel , Professor of Canon Law and Church History in Giessen,
- Joseph Kehrein , high school professor , teacher, and poet in Hadamar and Montabaur,
- Philipp Külb , historian and city librarian in Mainz,
- Friedrich Lennig , brother of the aforementioned vicar general, Rheinhessen native writer,
- Johann Baptist Lüft ,
- Heinrich Joseph Himioben .
Joseph Görres worked as editor when the paper had evaded from censorship to Strasbourg from 1823 to 1827. Later, from 1827 to 1844, Der Katholik moved its editorial office to Speyer, which was then Bavarian.
literature
- Gustav Krüger : The Mainz Circle and the Catholic Movement. In: Prussian year books. 148, 1912, ISSN 0934-0688 , pp. 395-414.
- Georg May : Pastoral care for mixed marriages in the Diocese of Mainz under Bishop Ludwig Colmar. A contribution to canon law and state church law in the Rhineland under French rule. Grüner, Amsterdam 1974, ISBN 90-6032-019-0 ( Canonical Studies and Texts 27).
- Heidi Ortmann: The Rise of Ultramontanism up to the First Vatican Council. Grin-Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-638-16779-8 , doi : 10.3239 / 9783638167796 .
- Klaus Schlupp: School, Church and State in the 19th Century. The Catholic elementary school in the Diocese of Mainz and the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt 1830–1877. Osnabrück 2000 (Osnabrück, Univ., Diss.), Including a detailed chapter on the Mainz district and the school.